 

 0.2 1000 
coagulation value     1000
(mmole / litre)  200 200 

x
 
m

1
n

x
 K  P   10   0.5  5
1/ n 1

m
x
 5
m
 
  P2  H  1 1   32  H  1 1 
 P  R T T       
 1  1 2   16  0.08  190 250 

 

x x x x 1
(4) m p
m m m
      
     

x
m

2 unit
x
Log 4 unit
m

Log P

x
 K  P1/ n
m
x 1
log  log K  log P
m n
1 2 1
m   
n 4 2
 x
 K  P1/ 2
m




Dispersed Dispersion
Phase Medium
Cheese Liquid Solid
Milk Liquid Liquid
Smoke Solid Gas

x x
m m

x 2
log
m
3

log p

3
p3
2
p 2
p 3

x 1
log  log K  log P
m n
1 2
 a
n 3
 x
 kp0.5
m

excess water to liquid excess water to liquid

–
  SO 4
N N PF6 N N
H3C CH3 H 3C CH3
 x
m
 

1

n

1
x 1
m  KP n
x
  n





x
 p0
m
x
 p1
m
x
 p1/ n
m

  


  
CH 3 (CH 2 )15 N(CH3 )3 B r CH3 (CH 2 )11 N(CH3 )3 Br 
CH 3  (CH 2 )8  COO Na  CH 3  (CH 2 )13  OSO3 Na 

 
 
 

 
  
 
 x
m

x
m

x 1
log  log k  log p
m n
1
 tan 45º  1
n
x
 (0.5)2
m
 




(A) (B) (C) (D)

Polar head
more compatible
with polar aq. solution

Micelles formed at CMC.

 x
m

270 K
200 K x
x m 250 K
m 250 K
270 K 200 K

p
p
200 K 270 K
x 250 K x 250 K
m 270 K m
200 K

p p

x
m T1
x 1/n T2 (T2 > T1)
m = K.P.
p

B
A
log m
x

log P

1 1 1 
log with  n  1   0 to 1 
n n n 

x 1
x/m
 K(P) n
m
 n=
x 1 <
log    log K  log P 1 <n
m n
1
n<

P
1
0  1
n
 3.75  98
 gm
1000

x
m
x
m

x
 k px
m

x
log  log k  x log p
 
m  
 
y x
c  m

x

m

Solvent front
B
5cm 2cm
A
2cm

Spot Base line

Figure : Paper chromatography
for compounds A and B.

Distance travelled by compound

Distance travelled by solvent


2
 4  10 1  0.4
5
 3.12
 0.0821  300
V  32  2.40 l
1


 (I) P constant (II) P constant
Amount of gas adsorbed

Amount of gas absorbed

T T

(III) (IV)
Amount of gas adsorbed

200K
Potential energy

250K

0 Distance of molecule from the surface

Huds=150kJmol
–1

P



  
  









  




   
 

 

 
 
 1
2Cu(s)  O2 (g) 
 Cu2O(s) 
2
1 
H2 (g)  O2 (g) 
 H2O(g)
2

2Cu(s)  H2O(g) 
 Cu 2 O(s)  H2 (g)


 PH 
G  Gº  RTn  2 
 PH2O 

 

 PH 
Gº  RTn  2   0
 PH2O 

10 4 ( nPH2  nPH2O )  105

nPH2  10  nPH2O


nPH2  10  4.6

nPH2  14.6

 nPH2  14.6

m

CMC

m CMC
m

C
C

CMC
m m
CMC
C C
(B) Coloidal solution has less particles compared to true soln (of same concentration). Hence 