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53325_noteFile_1_1695020982
53325_noteFile_1_1695020982
53325_noteFile_1_1695020982
18
46
92
n1 0.5
n1 n 2 2.5
x 4 180 4
x 12gm /
180 60 60
W1 W2
M1 M2
x 4
180 60
W1 W2 1.05 30 1.05 30
M1 M2 M 180 180
1.2V 2.5 V 3.7 V
2V 2V
HSO4
HSO4
i 1
x y 1
Total mol at equilirium n[(1 ) x y]
ln itial mol n
n 7 .4
RT
v 0.0821 300
PN2
V1
PN2
3
PN2
PN2 PH2O
P
P0
WA
M A
WA WB
MA MB
WA
0.3 MB
WA W
B
0.3 MB MB
WA
WB
Pº P
Pº
Pº P 1 n
P 1 N
1
0.05
0.0526 1000
18
P 2 1
P 5 2
1
4
1 1
4 2
1
2
1 1 1 1
10 7.6 35 76
P
P0
760 750 1
760 76
M 4K b Y Kb Y Kb Y
Kb Y M 4M M
1000 K b Y 4K b Y
250 M M
Lt Tb
m0 Tb
2
3
P
solute
P0
P0 PS
solute
P0
PS
1 solute
P0
PS
1 solute
P0
PS
solvent
P0
PS solvent
Tb iK b m
iK b number of moles of solute
T0 Ts mass of sovlent (in kg)
iK b number of moles of solute
mass of sovlent (in kg)
1 1 1
2000 6000 1
2
m
0.0164 M
2 0.082 300 3000
2
RTbº M
1000 Hvap
2
RTfº M
1000 Hfus
Hvap
Tbº
9 1000
(59 9) 180
1
m
6 6
mNaCl msucrose
1
amount of solvent
i MgCl2
2.56 1000
M 100
256
32
78 / 78 1 1 1
(78 / 78) ( 46 / 92) 1 0 .5 1.5 1.5
PA
0
PB
0
XB = 1 XB = 0
XA = 0 XA = 1
HO
2
0.25 0.307
0.557 0.557
x y 1 x y 1 i 1 i 1
i 1 i 1 (x y 1) x y 1
H 1 1
nK p
R T1 T2
62 / 62
Wkg
Tb i.m k b
Tf i m k f
2 1 1 kb
2 1 2 kf
PA Po x
o A Ao
PTotal PA x A p B x B
7 10 3 0.4 2.8
0.28
7 10 3 0.4 12 10 3 0.6 10
4 1000 12 1000
96 M x 88 M y
96 12
Mx
4 88
PAº X A PBº X B
1 Y 1 YB
Aº
PT PA PBº
1 Y 1 YB
A
500 400 600
of XY (in mol L
0.03
4 0.06 6 102
2
X Y Z
Vapour Pressure
800
(mm Hg)
500
400
200
0 293 313 333 353
Temp
KH 50 2 2 10 5 0.5
55.5
P 2 10 15 2 10 5 K bar
1000
55.5
18
55.5
P 0.5 .249 K bar 249 bar
1000
55.5
18
P
x solute
P0
10 10
P 100 P 200
P 0 10 180 : P 0 10 180
A B
100 18 200 18
10
P 10,000 P P P
P0 10
:
180 P 0 A P 0 B P 0 C
C
10,000 18
1 3
4 4
1 4
5 5
(K
1 2
PAº PBº
3 3
PAº 2PBº 750
1 1
PAº PBº
2 2
PAº PBº 600
PBº
PAº
0.85 1000
0.23 i 1.86
134.5 125
1.56
0.735
2
nM
(M)n
0.8 0.2
n
0.2
0.8
n
0.2
i 0.8 0.9
n
0.2
0.1
n
PT0 X T
YT
PT0 X T PB0 X B
37 0.5
0.23
37 0.5 119 0.5
i CRT
10.8
i
0.1 0.082 298
1.5 3.5
PS 74.7 22.3 38
5 5
PB0 X B
YB
PS
P KHX
P1 P 500 750
2 ,
X1 X 2 0.01 X 2
5 1000 2.63 1.86
3.82
142 x
8.5
XCH2Cl2 0.42
MWCH 2Cl2
8.5 11.95
MWCH2Cl2 MWCHCl3
Wt.of solute(water) W
0.2 1
mass of solvent (milk) M1
W2
0.5
M1
0.2 W1
0.5 W2
0.2 W
1 1 1
0.5 W2
0.3 W2 W1
0.5 W2
C6 H 6
2(C 6 H 5COOH)
(30g)
(C 6 H 5COOH)2
Wg diner
w 1000
122 30
xM yM xM yM xM yM
xN yN xN yN xN yN
PNº PMº
YN X N
YM X M
Tb (A)
Tb (B)
(Vapour pressure of CS
0.73
x RT
0.25
1.65
y RT
1
0.73 1.65
RT RT
x 0.25 y
x 0.73
1.769 1.77
y 0.25 1.65
1 3
550 PAo PBo
4 4
1 4
560 PAo PBo
5 5
PBo 600, PAo 400
0.05
RT
0.2
RT
0.05
RT
0.4
RT
0.05
3RT
0.4
3RT
i C NaCl C glu cos e RT
2 0.05 0.4
3RT 3RT RT
0.5
atm
3
PCO2 K H CO2
3 K H .n CO2
n CO2 0.1 mol
30 KH1
1 1
pH pka1 logc 6.4 1 3.7
2 2
K f(H O) = 1.86 K kg mol-1
2
9.45
0.5 1 1.86 94.5
500
1000
5 1.28
1
3.72 3.72
32
93
C 2 C 2 0.1
Ka C 0.2
C C 1 500 / 1000
Ka
1 32 / 93 93 61
Tf 5.5C
K f 5.12 C / m
10g
200 g C6H6
10
Tf0 Tf' 5.12 58 mol
200
kg
1000
5.12 5 10
5.5 Tf'
58
2.5
2.74
1.75 0.52
P
(H 2 O) 24 mm of Hg
224 10mmol 5mmol
0.0821 298 (L.R.) (i 3)
2
24
(2 15 10 3 )
(1.6 18.4)
2020
12.2
1000
122 100
0.93
i 0.5
1.86
1
1 1
n
1 1
1 1 1
2 n
n O2
n O2 n water
1 n O2 n O2
4000 n O2 n water n water
1
moles O2
4000
1
4000
1000 1 mol dm 3
18 72
18.1 / M
81.9 / 1000
1
2
1 0.52 2
2
K water
f
K ethanol
f
K
water
b
K ethanol
b
x N2 x N2
1
x N2
105
moles of solute 2
7 .6
0. 1
P – P nsolute
760 – P
P nsolvent 760
P 2 18
760 76 10
pT p0A p0Bx B
p0B
p0B
4.75
XA 0.95
5
XA
19
XB
(K b )x
2
(K b )y
(Tb )x 1 (K b )x m
2
0.7
(Tb )y 1 (K b )y m
2
1
3 2 2
0.65
1 1.5 0.65
2
P o – Ps n solute
P o
n solute n solvent
5
640
5 1000
640 39
5.12 5 1000
640 39
Tf 1.03
PT PAo X A PBo X B