Ge

ner
alObj
ect
ive
s|JAMBSy
ll
abu
sfo
rBi
ol
ogy

I
tisde
sign
edt
ote
stt
hei
rac
hie
veme
nto
fth
eco
urs
eobj
ect
ive
s,wh
ichar
eto
:

1
.de
mon
str
ates
uff
ici
entkn
owl
edgeo
fth
eco
nce
ptso
fth
edi
ver
sit
yin
ter
dep
ende
ncean
dun
ityo
fli
fe;

2.ac
cou
ntf
orc
ont
inu
ityo
fli
fet
hro
ughr
eor
gan
izat
ion
,in
her
itan
cean
dev
olu
tio
n;

3.ap
plybi
ol
ogi
cal
pri
nci
pl
esan
dco
nce
ptst
oev
ery
dayl
i
fe,

e
spe
cial
l
ytomat
ter
saf
fec
tin
gli
vi
ngt
hin
gs,i
ndi
vi
dual
,so
cie
ty,t
he

e
nvi
ron
men
t,c
ommu
nit
yhe
alt
han
dth
eec
ono
my.

Se
cti
onA:
Var
iet
yofOr
gan
isms

To
pic1
:Li
vi
ngOr
gan
isms

a.Ch
arac
ter
ist
ics

b.Ce
lls
tru
ctu
rean
dfu
nct
ion
sofc
ell
Comp
one
nts

c
.Le
vel
ofo
rgan
izat
ion

i
.Ce
lle
.g.e
ugl
enaan
dpar
ame
ciu
m,

i
i
.Ti
ssu
e,e
.g.e
pit
hel
i
alt
iss
uesan
dhy
dra

i
i
i.Or
gan
,e.
g.o
nio
nbu
lb

i
v.Sy
ste
ms,e
.g.r
epr
odu
cti
ve,di
ges
tiv
ean
dex
cre
tor
y

v
.Or
gan
ismse
.g.Ch
lamy
domo
nas

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ebe
twe
ent
hec
har
act
eri
sti
cso
fli
vi
ngan
dno
n-l
i
vin
gth
ings
.

i
i
.ide
nti
fyt
hes
tru
ctu
reso
fpl
ant
san
dan
imal
cel
l
s.
i
i
i.an
aly
set
hef
unc
tio
nso
fth
eco
mpo
nen
tso
fpl
ant
san
dan
imal
cel
l
s.

i
v.c
omp
arean
dco
ntr
astt
hes
tru
ctu
reo
fpl
antan
dan
imal
cel
l
s.

v
.tr
acet
hel
eve
lso
for
gan
izat
ionamo
ngo
rgan
ismsi
nth
eirl
ogi
cal

s
equ
enc
einr
elat
iont
oth
efi
vel
eve
lofo
rgan
izat
iono
fli
vi
ng

o
rgan
isms
.

To
pic2:
Evo
lut
ionamo
ngt
hef
oll
owi
ng

a.Mo
ner
a(p
rokar
yot
es)
,e.
g.bac
ter
iaan
d

bl
uegr
eenal
gae
.

b.Pr
oti
sta(
pro
toz
oan
san
dpr
oto
phy
ta)
,

e
.g.Amo
eba,Eu
gle
naan
dPar
ame
ciu
m

c
.Fu
ngi
,e.
g.mu
shr
ooman
dRh
izo
pus
.

d.Pl
ant
ae(
plan
ts)

i
.Th
all
oph
yta(
e.g.Sp
iro
gyr
a)

i
i
.Br
yop
hyt
a(mo
sse
san
dli
vewo
rts
)e.
g.

Br
ach
men
iuman
dMe
rch
ant
ia.

i
i
i.Pt
eri
dop
hyt
a(f
ern
s)e
.g.Dr
yop
ter
is.

i
v.Sp
ermat
oph
yta(
Gymn
osp
ermaean
dAn
gio
spe
rmae
)

–Gy
mno
spe
rmse
.g.Cy
cadsan
dco
nif
ers
.

–An
gio
spe
rms(
mon
oco
ts,e
.g.mai
ze;
dic
ots
,e.
g.wat
erl
eaf
)

e
.An
imal
i
a(an
imal
s)

i
.I
nve
rte
brat
es

–c
oel
ent
erat
e(e
.g.Hy
dra

–Pl
aty
hel
min
the
s(f
lat
wor
ms)e
.g.Tae
nia
–Ne
mat
oda(
rou
ndwo
rms
)

–An
nel
i
da(
e.g.e
art
hwo
rm)

–Ar
thr
opo
dae
.g.mo
squ
ito
,co
ckr
oac
h,h
ous
efl
y,be
e,bu
tte
rfl
y

–Mo
ll
usc
a(e
.g.s
nai
l
s)

i
i
.Mu
lti
cel
l
ularan
imal
s(v
ert
ebr
ate
s)

–p
isc
es(
car
til
agi
nou
san
dbo
nyf
ish
)

–Amp
hibi
a(e
.g.t
oadsan
dfr
ogs
)

–Re
pti
l
ia(
e.g.l
i
zar
ds,s
nake
san
dtu
rtl
es)

–Av
es(
bir
ds)

–Mammal
i
a(mammal
s)

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.tr
acet
headv
anc
eme
nto
fth
ein
ver
tebr
atean
imal
s.

i
i
.de
ter
min
eth
eec
ono
mici
mpo
rtan
ceo
fth
e

i
nse
ctss
tudi
ed.

i
i
i.as
sest
hei
rval
uest
oth
een
vir
onme
nt.

i
.tr
acet
headv
anc
eme
nto
fmu
lti
-ce
ll
ul
aran
imal
s.

i
i
.de
ter
min
eth
eire
con
omi
cimp
ort
anc
e.

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.an
aly
see
xte
rnal
feat
ure
san
dch
arac
ter
ist
icso
fth
eli
ste
dor
gan
isms
:

i
i
.ap
plyt
hekn
owl
edgef
rom(
i)abo
vet
ode
mon
str
atei
ncr
eas
eins
tru
ctu
ral
comp
lex
ity.

i
i
i.t
rac
eth
est
age
sint
hel
i
feh
ist
ori
eso
fth
eli
ste
dor
gan
isms
.

i
v.ap
p l
yth
ekn
owl
edgeo
fth
eli
feh
ist
ori
est
ode
mon
str
ategr
adu
alt
ran
sit
ionf
roml
i
fei
nwat
ert
oli
fe
o
nland.
v
.tr
acet
hee
vol
uti
ono
fth
eli
ste
dpl
ant
s.

To
pic3:
Str
uct
ural
/fu
nct
ion
alan
dbe
hav
iou
ral
adap
tat
ion
sofo
rgan
isms

a.adap
tiv
eco
lou
rat
ionan
dit
sfu
nct
ion
s

b.Be
hav
iou
ral
adap
tat
ion
sins
oci
alan
imal
s

c
.St
ruc
tur
aladap
tat
ion
sino
rgan
isms
.

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.des
cri
behowthev
ari
ousst
ruc
tur
es,f
unc
tio
nsan
dbe
hav
iou
radap
tth
eseo
rgan
ismst
oth
eir
en
vir
onmen
t,an
dwayofli
fe

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.Cat
ego
riz
eco
unt
ers
hadi
ngi
nfi
sh,t
oadsan
dsn
ake
san
dwar
nin
gco
lou
rat
ioni
nmu
shr
ooms
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.Di
ffe
ren
tiat
evar
iou
scas
tesi
nso
cial
ins
ect
sli
ket
ermi
tesan
dth
eirf
unc
tio
nsi
nth
eirc
olo
nyh
ive
.

i
i
.Ac
cou
ntf
orbas
kin
ginl
i
zar
ds,t
err
ito
rial
beh
avi
ouro
fot
her

an
imal
sun
deru
nfav
our
abl
eco
ndi
ti
ons(
hibe
rnat
ionan
dae
sti
vat
ion
).

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
etoac
cou
ntf
oradap
tat
ioni
nor
gan
ismswi
thr
esp
ectt
oth
efo
ll
owi
ng:

i
.Obtai
ni
ngf
ood(
beaksan
dle
gso
fbi
rds
,mo
uth
par
tso
fin
sec
tse
spe
cial
l
ymo
squ
ito
,bu
tte
rfl
yan
d
moth
.)

i
i
.Pr
ote
cti
onan
dde
fen
ce(
sti
cki
nse
cts
,pr
ayi
ngman
tisan
dto
ad)
.

i
i
i.Se
cur
ingmat
es(
redh
eadmal
ean
dfe
mal
eAgamal
i
zar
ds,di
spl
ayo
ffat
her
sbybi
rds
).

i
v.Re
gul
ati
ngbo
dyt
emp
erat
ure(
ski
n,f
eat
her
san
dhai
rs)

v
.Co
nse
rvi
ngwat
er(
spi
nesi
npl
ant
san
dsc
ale
sinmammal
s).
Se
cti
onB:
For
man
dFu
nct
ion
s

To
pic1
:In
ter
nal
str
uct
ureo
faf
lowe
rin
gpl
ant

i
.Ro
ot

i
i
.St
em

i
i
i.L
eaf

b.I
nte
rnal
str
uct
ureo
famammal

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
den
tif
yth
etr
ans
ver
ses
ect
ion
soft
hes
e

o
rgan
s.

a.r
elat
eth
est
ruc
tur
eoft
hes
eor
gan
stot
hei
r

f
unc
tio
ns.

b.I
den
tif
ysu
ppo
rti
ngt
iss
uesi
npl
ant
s(c
oll
enc
hyma)s
cle
ren
chy
ma,x
yle
man
dph
loe
mfi
bre
s)

c
.De
scr
ibet
hedi
str
ibu
tio
nofs
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
nro
ots
,st
eman
dle
af

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ex
ami
net
hear
ran
geme
nto
fth
emammal
i
ani
nte
rnal
organ
s.

i
i
.de
scr
ibet
heap
pear
anc
ean
dpo
sit
iono
fth
edi
ges
tiv
e,r
epr
odu
cti
vean
dex
cre
tor
yor
gan
s.

To
pic2:
Nut
rit
ion

a.Mo
deso
fnu
tri
ti
on

i
.Au
tot
rop
hic

i
i
.He
ter
otr
oph
ic

b.Ty
peso
fNu
tri
ti
on
c
.Pl
antn
utr
iti
on

i
.Ph
oto
syn
the
sis

i
i
.Mi
ner
alr
equ
ire
men
ts

(
mac
roan
dmi
cro
-nu
tri
ent
s)

d.An
imal
nut
rit
ion

i
.Cl
ass
eso
ffo
ods
ubs
tan
ces
;car
boh
ydr
ate
s,p
rot
ein
s,f
atsan
doi
l
s,v
itami
ns,mi
ner
als
alt
san
dwat
er

i
i
.Fo
odt
est
s(e
.g.s
tar
ch,r
edu
cin
gsu
gar
,pr
ote
in,o
il
,fate
tc.

i
i
i.Th
emammal
i
ant
oot
h(s
tru
ctu
res
,ty
pesan
dfu
nct
ion
s

i
v.Mammal
i
anal
i
men
tar
ycan
al

v
.Nu
tri
ti
onp
roc
ess(
inge
sti
on,di
ges
tio
n,abs
orp
tio
n,

an
das
simi
l
ati
ono
fdi
ges
tedf
ood.

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.co
mpar
eth
eph
oto
syn
the
tican
dch
emo
syn
the
ticmo
deso
fnu
tri
ti
on;

i
i
.pr
ovi
dee
xamp
lesf
rombo
thf
lowe
rin
gan
dno
n-f
lowe
rin
gpl
ant
s

i
i
i.c
omp
areau
tot
rop
hican
dhe
ter
otr
oph
icmo
deso
fnu
tri
ti
on.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

di
ffe
ren
tiat
eth
efo
ll
owi
nge
xamp
les
:

–h
olo
zoi
c(s
hee
pan
dman
)

–Par
asi
ti
c(r
oun
dwo
rm,t
ape
wor
man
dLo
ran
thu
s)

–s
apr
oph
yti
c(Rh
izo
pusan
dmu
shr
oom)

–c
arn
ivo
rou
spl
ant
s(s
unde
wan
dbl
adde
rwo
rt)

–de
ter
min
eth
eirn
utr
iti
onal
val
ue.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:
i
.Di
ffe
ren
tiat
eth
eli
ghtan
ddar
kre
act
ion
s,an
dst
atec
ondi
ti
onsn
ece
ssar
yfo
rph
oto
syn
the
sis
.

i
i
.de
ter
min
eth
ene
ces
sit
yofl
i
ght
,car
bon(
IV)o
xidean
d

c
hlo
rop
hyl
li
nph
oto
syn
the
sis
.

i
i
i.de
tec
tth
epr
ese
nceo
fst
arc
hinal
eafasane
vide
nceo
fph
oto
syn
the
sis
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
den
tif
ymac
ro-an
dmi
cro
-el
eme
ntsr
equ
ire
dbyp
lan
ts.

i
i
.re
cogn
iset
hede
fic
ien
cys
ymp
tomso
fni
tro
gen
,ph
osp
hor
ousan
dpo
tas
siu
m.

To
pic3:
Tran
spo
rt

a.Ne
edf
ort
ran
spo
rtat
ion

b.Mat
eri
alsf
ort
ran
spo
rtat
ion
.

Ex
cre
tor
ypr
odu
cts
,gas
es,man
ufac
tur
edf
ood,di
ges
tedf
ood,n
utr
ien
t,wat
eran
dho
rmo
nes
)

c
.Ch
ann
elsf
ort
ran
spo
rtat
ion

i
.Mammal
i
anc
irc
ulat
orys
yst
em(
hear
t,ar
ter
ies
,

v
ein
s,an
dcap
il
lar
ies
)

i
iPl
antv
asc
ulars
yst
em(
phl
oeman
dxy
lem)

d.Me
diaan
dpr
oce
sse
sofme
chan
ismf
ort
ran
spo
rtat
ion
.

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
ndi
cat
eth
eso
urc
eso
fth
evar
iou
scl
ass
eso
ffo
od;

i
i
.re
lat
eth
eimp
ort
anc
ean
dde
fic
ien
cye
.g.s
cur
vy,r
icke
ts,kwas
hio
rko
ret
c.o
feac
hcl
ass
;

i
i
i.de
ter
min
eth
eimp
ort
anc
eofabal
anc
eddi
et.

Candi
dat
essho
uldbeabl
etode
tec
tth
epr
ese
nceo
fth
eli
ste
dfo
odi
temsf
romt
her
esu
lto
fag
ive
n
exp
e r
ime
nt.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:
i
.de
scr
ibet
hes
tru
ctu
reo
fat
ypi
cal
mammal
i
ant
oot
h;

i
i
.di
ffe
ren
tiat
eth
ety
peso
fmammal
i
ant
oot
han
dre
lat
eth
eirs
tru
ctu
rest
oth
eirf
unc
tio
ns.

i
i
i.c
omp
aret
hede
ntal
for
mul
aeo
fman
,sh
eep
,an
ddo
g.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
est
ruc
tur
eoft
hev
ari
ousc
omp
one
ntso
fth
eal
i
men
tar
y

c
anal
andi
tsac
ces
sor
yor
gan
s(l
i
ver
,pan
cre
as,an
dgal
lbl
adde
r)t
o

t
hei
rfu
nct
ion
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
den
tif
yth
ege
ner
alc
har
act
eri
sti
cso
fdi
ges
tiv
een
zyme
s;

i
i
.as
soc
iat
een
zyme
swi
thdi
ges
tio
nofc
arbo
hydr
ate
s,p
rot
ein
san
dfat
s;

i
i
i.de
ter
min
eth
een
dpr
odu
ctso
fth
esec
las
seso
ffo
od.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
ter
min
eth
ere
lat
ion
shi
pbe
twe
eni
ncr
eas
eins
izean
dco
mpl
exi
ty

an
dth
ene
edf
ort
hede
vel
opme
nto
fat
ran
spo
rts
yst
emi
npl
ant
san
d

an
imal
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
ter
min
eth
eso
urc
eso
fmat
eri
alsan
dth
efo
rmsi
nwh
icht
heyar
etr
ans
por
ted.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
scr
ibet
hege
ner
alc
irc
ulat
orys
yst
em;

i
i
.comparespe
cif
icfun
cti
onso
fth
ehe
pat
icp
ort
alv
ein
,th
epu
lmo
nar
yve
inan
dar
ter
y,ao
rta,t
he
r
enalart
eryandvei
n

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
den
tif
yth
eor
gan
soft
hep
lan
tvas
cul
ars
yst
em.
i
i
.un
der
stan
dth
esp
eci
fi
cfu
nct
ion
soft
hep
hlo
eman
dxy
lem.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
den
tif
yme
diao
ftr
ans
por
tat
ion(
e.g.c
yto
plas
m,

c
ell
sap
,bo
dyf
lui
d,bl
oodan
dly
mph
);

i
i
.kn
owt
hec
omp
osi
ti
onan
dfu
nct
ion
sofbl
oodan
dly
mph
;

i
i
i.de
scr
ibedi
ffu
sio
n,o
smo
sis
,pl
asmo
lys
isan
d

t
urgi
di
tyasme
chan
ismo
ftr
ans
por
tat
ioni
nor
gan
isms
.

i
v.c
omp
aret
hev
ari
ousme
chan
ismso
fop
en

c
irc
ulat
orys
yst
ems
,inan
imal
tran
spi
rat
ionp
ull
,ro
ot

p
res
sur
ean
dac
tiv
etr
ans
por
tasme
chan
ismo
ftr
ans
por
tat
ioni
npl
ant
s.

To
pic4:
Res
pir
ati
on

a.Re
spi
rat
oryo
rgan
san
dsu
rfac
es

b.Th
eme
chan
ismo
fgas
eou
sex
chan
gei
n:

i
.Pl
ant
s

i
i
.Mammal
s

c
.Ae
robi
cre
spi
rat
ion

d.An
aer
obi
cre
spi
rat
ion

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ex
ami
net
hes
ign
ifi
can
ceo
fre
spi
rat
ion
;

i
i
.desc
ribeas
imp
li
fi
edout
li
neo
fth
ech
emi
cal
pro
ces
sin
vol
vedi
ngl
yco
lys
isan
dkr
ebsc
ycl
ewi
th
r
efe
rencetot
herol
eATP

i
i
ide
duc
efr
omane
xpe
rime
ntal
setu
p,gas
eou
sex
chan
gean
dpr
odu
cts
,
e
xch
angean
dpr
odu
cti
ono
fhe
ate
ner
gydu
rin
gre
spi
rat
ion
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
scr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngr
esp
irat
oryo
rgan
san
dsu
rfac
eswi
th

o
rgan
ismsi
nwh
icht
heyo
ccu
r;bo
dys
urf
ace
,gi
l
l,t
rac
hea,l
ungs
,

s
tomat
aan
dle
nti
cel
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
scr
ibet
heme
chan
ismf
ort
heo
pen
ingan
dcl
osi
ngo
fth
est
omat
a;

i
i
.de
ter
min
ere
spi
rat
orymo
veme
ntsi
nth
esean
imal
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
i
i.e
xami
net
her
oleo
fox
yge
nint
hel
i
ber
ati
ono
f

e
ner
gyf
ort
heac
tiv
iti
eso
fth
eli
vi
ngo
rgan
isms
;

i
v.de
duc
eth
eef
fec
tofi
nsu
ffi
ci
ents
upp
lyo
fox
yge
ntot
hemu
scl
es.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.us
eye
astc
ell
san
dsu
gars
olu
tio
ntode
mon
str
ate

t
hep
roc
esso
ffe
rme
ntat
ion
.

i
i
.kn
owt
hee
con
omi
cimp
ort
anc
eofy
eas
ts.

To
pic5:
Exc
ret
ion

a.Ty
peso
fex
cre
tor
yst
ruc
tur
es:

c
ont
rac
til
evac
uol
e,f
lamec
ell
,

n
eph
ridi
um,Mal
pi
ghi
ant
ubu
le,ki
dne
y,

s
tomaan
dle
nti
cel
.

b.Ex
cre
tor
yme
chan
isms
:

i
.Ki
dne
ys
i
i
.lu
ngs

i
i
.ski
n

c
.Ex
cre
tor
ypr
odu
ctso
fpl
ant
s

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
fin
eth
eme
ani
ngan
dst
atet
hes
ign
ifi
can
ceo
fex
cre
tio
n;

i
i
.re
lat
eth
ech
arac
ter
ist
icso
feac
hst
ruc
tur
ewi
thf
unc
tio
ns.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
est
ruc
tur
eoft
heki
dne
yst
oth
eex
cre
tor
y

an
dos
mor
egu
lat
oryf
unc
tio
ns.

i
den
tif
yth
efu
nct
ion
san
dex
cre
tor
ypr
odu
ctso
fth
elu
ngsan
dth
eski
n.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
duc
eth
eec
ono
mici
mpo
rtan
ceo
fth
eex
cre
tor
y

p
rodu
ctso
fpl
ant
s,e
.gc
arbo
n(I
V)o
xide
,ox
yge
n,t
ann
ins
,re
sin
s,gu
ms,mu
cil
age
,al
kal
oi
dse
tc.

To
pic6:
Sup
por
tan
dmo
veme
nt

a.Tr
opi
c,t
act
ic,n
ast
ican
dsl
eep

mo
veme
ntsi
npl
ant
s

b.s
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
nan
imal
s

c
.Ty
pesan
dfu
nct
ion
soft
hes
kel
eto
n

i
.Ex
oske
let
on

i
i
.En
dos
kel
eto
n

i
i
i.F
unc
tio
nso
fth
eske
let
oni
nan
imal
s
Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
ter
min
eth
ene
edf
ors
upp
ortan
dmo
veme
nti
n

o
rgan
isms
;

i
i
.ide
nti
fys
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
npl
ant
s(c
oll
enc
hyma,

s
cle
ren
chy
ma,x
yle
man
dph
loe
mfi
bre
s);

i
i
i.de
scr
ibet
hedi
str
ibu
tio
nofs
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
n

r
oot
s,s
tem,an
dle
af.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
ere
spo
nseo
fpl
ant
stot
hes
timu
lio
fli
ght
,

wat
er,gr
avi
tyan
dto
uch
;

i
i
.ide
nti
fyt
her
egi
onso
fgr
owt
hinr
oot
san
dsh
oot
s

an
dth
ero
leso
fau
xin
sint
rop
ism.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
elo
cat
iono
fch
iti
n,c
art
il
agean
dbo
net
o

t
hei
rsu
ppo
rti
ngf
unc
tio
n.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
est
ruc
tur
ean
dth
ege
ner
all
ayo
uto
fth
e

mammal
i
ans
kel
eto
ntot
hei
rsu
ppo
rti
ve,l
oco
mot
ivean
dre
spi
rat
oryf
unc
tio
n.

i
i
i.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ety
peso
fjo
int
sus
ingap
pro
pri
ate

e
xamp
les
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ap
plyt
hep
rot
ect
ive
,su
ppo
rti
ve,l
oco
mot
ivean
d

r
esp
irat
oryf
unc
tio
nso
fth
eske
let
ont
oth
ewe
llbe
ingo
fac
tiv
iti
eso
fth
eli
vi
ngo
rgan
isms
;

i
v.de
duc
eth
eef
fec
tofi
nsu
ffi
ci
ents
upp
lyo
fox
yge
ntot
hemu
scl
es.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:
i
.us
eye
astc
ell
san
dsu
gars
olu
tio
ntode
mon
str
ate

t
hep
roc
esso
ffe
rme
ntat
ion
.

i
i
.kn
owt
hee
con
omi
cimp
ort
anc
eofy
eas
ts.

To
pic5:
Exc
ret
ion

a.Ty
peso
fex
cre
tor
yst
ruc
tur
es:

c
ont
rac
til
evac
uol
e,f
lamec
ell
,

n
eph
ridi
um,Mal
pi
ghi
ant
ubu
le,ki
dne
y,

s
tomaan
dle
nti
cel
.

b.Ex
cre
tor
yme
chan
isms
:

i
.Ki
dne
ys

i
i
.lu
ngs

i
i
.ski
n

c
.Ex
cre
tor
ypr
odu
ctso
fpl
ant
s

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
fin
eth
eme
ani
ngan
dst
atet
hes
ign
ifi
can
ceo
fex
cre
tio
n;

i
i
.re
lat
eth
ech
arac
ter
ist
icso
feac
hst
ruc
tur
ewi
thf
unc
tio
ns.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
est
ruc
tur
eoft
heki
dne
yst
oth
eex
cre
tor
y

an
dos
mor
egu
lat
oryf
unc
tio
ns.

i
den
tif
yth
efu
nct
ion
san
dex
cre
tor
ypr
odu
ctso
fth
elu
ngsan
dth
eski
n.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
duc
eth
eec
ono
mici
mpo
rtan
ceo
fth
eex
cre
tor
y
p
rodu
ctso
fpl
ant
s,e
.gc
arbo
n(I
V)o
xide
,ox
yge
n,t
ann
ins
,re
sin
s,gu
ms,mu
cil
age
,al
kal
oi
dse
tc.

To
pic6:
Sup
por
tan
dmo
veme
nt

a.Tr
opi
c,t
act
ic,n
ast
ican
dsl
eep

mo
veme
ntsi
npl
ant
s

b.s
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
nan
imal
s

c
.Ty
pesan
dfu
nct
ion
soft
hes
kel
eto
n

i
.Ex
oske
let
on

i
i
.En
dos
kel
eto
n

i
i
i.F
unc
tio
nso
fth
eske
let
oni
nan
imal
s

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
ter
min
eth
ene
edf
ors
upp
ortan
dmo
veme
nti
n

o
rgan
isms
;

i
i
.ide
nti
fys
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
npl
ant
s(c
oll
enc
hyma,

s
cle
ren
chy
ma,x
yle
man
dph
loe
mfi
bre
s);

i
i
i.de
scr
ibet
hedi
str
ibu
tio
nofs
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
n

r
oot
s,s
tem,an
dle
af.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
ere
spo
nseo
fpl
ant
stot
hes
timu
lio
fli
ght
,

wat
er,gr
avi
tyan
dto
uch
;

i
i
.ide
nti
fyt
her
egi
onso
fgr
owt
hinr
oot
san
dsh
oot
s

an
dth
ero
leso
fau
xin
sint
rop
ism.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:
i
.re
lat
eth
elo
cat
iono
fch
iti
n,c
art
il
agean
dbo
net
o

t
hei
rsu
ppo
rti
ngf
unc
tio
n.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
est
ruc
tur
ean
dth
ege
ner
all
ayo
uto
fth
e

mammal
i
ans
kel
eto
ntot
hei
rsu
ppo
rti
ve,l
oco
mot
ivean
dre
spi
rat
oryf
unc
tio
n.

i
i
i.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ety
peso
fjo
int
sus
ingap
pro
pri
ate

e
xamp
les
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ap
plyt
hep
rot
ect
ive
,su
ppo
rti
ve,l
oco
mot
ivean
d

r
esp
irat
oryf
unc
tio
nso
fth
eske
let
ont
oth
ewe
llbe
ingo
fac
tiv
iti
eso
fth
eli
vi
ngo
rgan
isms
;

i
v.de
duc
eth
eef
fec
tofi
nsu
ffi
ci
ents
upp
lyo
fox
yge
ntot
hemu
scl
es.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.us
eye
astc
ell
san
dsu
gars
olu
tio
ntode
mon
str
ate

t
hep
roc
esso
ffe
rme
ntat
ion
.

i
i
.kn
owt
hee
con
omi
cimp
ort
anc
eofy
eas
ts.

To
pic5:
Exc
ret
ion

a.Ty
peso
fex
cre
tor
yst
ruc
tur
es:

c
ont
rac
til
evac
uol
e,f
lamec
ell
,

n
eph
ridi
um,Mal
pi
ghi
ant
ubu
le,ki
dne
y,

s
tomaan
dle
nti
cel
.

b.Ex
cre
tor
yme
chan
isms
:

i
.Ki
dne
ys

i
i
.lu
ngs

i
i
.ski
n

c
.Ex
cre
tor
ypr
odu
ctso
fpl
ant
s
Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
fin
eth
eme
ani
ngan
dst
atet
hes
ign
ifi
can
ceo
fex
cre
tio
n;

i
i
.re
lat
eth
ech
arac
ter
ist
icso
feac
hst
ruc
tur
ewi
thf
unc
tio
ns.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
est
ruc
tur
eoft
heki
dne
yst
oth
eex
cre
tor
y

an
dos
mor
egu
lat
oryf
unc
tio
ns.

i
den
tif
yth
efu
nct
ion
san
dex
cre
tor
ypr
odu
ctso
fth
elu
ngsan
dth
eski
n.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
duc
eth
eec
ono
mici
mpo
rtan
ceo
fth
eex
cre
tor
y

p
rodu
ctso
fpl
ant
s,e
.gc
arbo
n(I
V)o
xide
,ox
yge
n,t
ann
ins
,re
sin
s,gu
ms,mu
cil
age
,al
kal
oi
dse
tc.

To
pic6:
Sup
por
tan
dmo
veme
nt

a.Tr
opi
c,t
act
ic,n
ast
ican
dsl
eep

mo
veme
ntsi
npl
ant
s

b.s
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
nan
imal
s

c
.Ty
pesan
dfu
nct
ion
soft
hes
kel
eto
n

i
.Ex
oske
let
on

i
i
.En
dos
kel
eto
n

i
i
i.F
unc
tio
nso
fth
eske
let
oni
nan
imal
s

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
ter
min
eth
ene
edf
ors
upp
ortan
dmo
veme
nti
n
o
rgan
isms
;

i
i
.ide
nti
fys
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
npl
ant
s(c
oll
enc
hyma,

s
cle
ren
chy
ma,x
yle
man
dph
loe
mfi
bre
s);

i
i
i.de
scr
ibet
hedi
str
ibu
tio
nofs
upp
ort
ingt
iss
uesi
n

r
oot
s,s
tem,an
dle
af.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
ere
spo
nseo
fpl
ant
stot
hes
timu
lio
fli
ght
,

wat
er,gr
avi
tyan
dto
uch
;

i
i
.ide
nti
fyt
her
egi
onso
fgr
owt
hinr
oot
san
dsh
oot
s

an
dth
ero
leso
fau
xin
sint
rop
ism.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
elo
cat
iono
fch
iti
n,c
art
il
agean
dbo
net
o

t
hei
rsu
ppo
rti
ngf
unc
tio
n.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
est
ruc
tur
ean
dth
ege
ner
all
ayo
uto
fth
e

mammal
i
ans
kel
eto
ntot
hei
rsu
ppo
rti
ve,l
oco
mot
ivean
dre
spi
rat
oryf
unc
tio
n.

i
i
i.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ety
peso
fjo
int
sus
ingap
pro
pri
ate

e
xamp
les
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ap
plyt
hep
rot
ect
ive
,su
ppo
rti
ve,l
oco
mot
ivean
d

r
esp
irat
oryf
unc
tio
nso
fth
eske
let
ont
oth
ewe
llbe
ingo
fth
ean
imal
.

To
pic7
:Re
pro
duc
tio
n

a.As
exu
alr
epr
odu
cti
on

i
.Fi
ssi
onasi
nPar
ame
ciu
m

i
i
.Bu
ddi
ngasi
nye
ast
i
i
i.Nat
ural
vege
tat
ivep
rop
agat
ion

i
v.Ar
tif
ici
alv
ege
tat
ivep
rop
agat
ion
.

b.s
exu
alr
epr
odu
cti
oni
nfl
owe
rin
gpl
ant
s

i
.Fl
oral
par
tsan
dth
eirf
unc
tio
ns

i
i
.Po
ll
in
ati
onan
dfe
rti
l
izat
ion

i
i
i.p
rodu
ctso
fse
xual
rep
rodu
cti
on

c
.Re
pro
duc
tio
ninmammal
s

i
.st
ruc
tur
esan
dfu
nct
ion
soft
hemal
ean
dfe
mal
ere
pro
duc
tiv
eor
gan
s

i
i
.Fe
rti
l
izat
ionan
dde
vel
opme
nt.

(
Fus
iono
fgamat
es)

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ebe
twe
enas
exu
alan
dse
xual
rep
rodu
cti
on

i
i
.ap
plyn
atu
ral
vege
tat
ivep
rop
agat
ioni
ncr
opp
rodu
cti
onan
dmu
lti
pl
ic
ati
on.

i
i
i.ap
plygr
aft
ing,bu
ddi
ngan
dlay
eri
ngi
nagr
icu
ltu
ral
prac
tic
es.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
epar
tso
ffl
owe
rtot
hei
rfu
nct
ion
san
dre
pro
duc
tiv
epr
oce
ss

i
i
.de
duc
eth
eadv
ant
age
sofc
ros
spo
ll
in
ati
on.

i
i
i.de
ducethedi
ffe
ren
tty
peso
fpl
ace
ntat
iont
hatde
vel
opi
ntos
imp
le,aggr
egat
e,mu
lti
pl
ean
d
s
uccul
entf
ruit
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ebe
twe
enmal
ean
dfe
mal
ere
pro
duc
tiv
eor
gan
s

i
i
.re
lat
eth
eirs
tru
ctu
rean
dfu
nct
iont
oth
epr
odu
cti
ono
fof
fsp
rin
g.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
scr
ibet
hef
usi
ono
fgame
tesasap
roc
esso
f
f
ert
il
iz
ati
on.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
eef
fec
tso
fth
emo
the
r’sh
eal
th,n
utr
iti
on

an
din
dis
cri
min
ateu
seo
fdr
ugso
nth
ede
vel
opme
ntal
stage
soft
hee
mbr
you
ptobi
rth
.

i
v.Mo
der
nme
tho
dso
fre
gul
ati
ngr
epr
odu
cti
veo
ne.
g.i
nvi
trof
ert
il
iz
ati
onan
dbi
rthc
ont
rol

To
pic8
:Gr
owt
h

a.me
ani
ngo
fgr
owt
h

b.Ge
rmi
nat
iono
fse
edsan
dco
ndi
ti
on

n
ece
ssar
yfo
rge
rmi
nat
iono
fse
eds
.

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ap
plyt
hekn
owl
edgeo
fth
eco
ndi
ti
onsn
ece
ssar
yfo
rge
rmi
nat
iono
npl
ant
sgr
owt
h.

i
i
.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ebe
twe
ene
pige
alan
dhy
poge
alge
rmi
nat
ion
.

To
pic9
:Co
-or
din
ati
onan
dco
ntr
ol

a.Ne
rvo
usc
oor
din
ati
on:

i
.th
eco
mpo
nen
ts,s
tru
ctu
rean
dfu
nct
ion
s

o
fth
ece
ntr
aln
erv
ouss
yst
em;

i
i
.Th
eco
mpo
nen
tsan
dfu
nct
ion
soft
he

p
eri
phe
ral
ner
vou
ssy
ste
ms;

t
hean
imal
.

To
pic7
:Re
pro
duc
tio
n

a.As
exu
alr
epr
odu
cti
on
i
.Fi
ssi
onasi
nPar
ame
ciu
m

i
i
.Bu
ddi
ngasi
nye
ast

i
i
i.Nat
ural
vege
tat
ivep
rop
agat
ion

i
v.Ar
tif
ici
alv
ege
tat
ivep
rop
agat
ion
.

b.s
exu
alr
epr
odu
cti
oni
nfl
owe
rin
gpl
ant
s

i
.Fl
oral
par
tsan
dth
eirf
unc
tio
ns

i
i
.Po
ll
in
ati
onan
dfe
rti
l
izat
ion

i
i
i.p
rodu
ctso
fse
xual
rep
rodu
cti
on

c
.Re
pro
duc
tio
ninmammal
s

i
.st
ruc
tur
esan
dfu
nct
ion
soft
hemal
ean
dfe
mal
ere
pro
duc
tiv
eor
gan
s

i
i
.Fe
rti
l
izat
ionan
dde
vel
opme
nt.

(
Fus
iono
fgamat
es)

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ebe
twe
enas
exu
alan
dse
xual
rep
rodu
cti
on

i
i
.ap
plyn
atu
ral
vege
tat
ivep
rop
agat
ioni
ncr
opp
rodu
cti
onan
dmu
lti
pl
ic
ati
on.

i
i
i.ap
plygr
aft
ing,bu
ddi
ngan
dlay
eri
ngi
nagr
icu
ltu
ral
prac
tic
es.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
epar
tso
ffl
owe
rtot
hei
rfu
nct
ion
san
dre
pro
duc
tiv
epr
oce
ss

i
i
.de
duc
eth
eadv
ant
age
sofc
ros
spo
ll
in
ati
on.

i
i
i.de
ducethedi
ffe
ren
tty
peso
fpl
ace
ntat
iont
hatde
vel
opi
ntos
imp
le,aggr
egat
e,mu
lti
pl
ean
d
s
uccul
entf
ruit
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ebe
twe
enmal
ean
dfe
mal
ere
pro
duc
tiv
eor
gan
s

i
i
.re
lat
eth
eirs
tru
ctu
rean
dfu
nct
iont
oth
epr
odu
cti
ono
fof
fsp
rin
g.
Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
scr
ibet
hef
usi
ono
fgame
tesasap
roc
esso
f

f
ert
il
iz
ati
on.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
eef
fec
tso
fth
emo
the
r’sh
eal
th,n
utr
iti
on

an
din
dis
cri
min
ateu
seo
fdr
ugso
nth
ede
vel
opme
ntal
stage
soft
hee
mbr
you
ptobi
rth
.

i
v.Mo
der
nme
tho
dso
fre
gul
ati
ngr
epr
odu
cti
veo
ne.
g.i
nvi
trof
ert
il
iz
ati
onan
dbi
rthc
ont
rol

To
pic8
:Gr
owt
h

a.me
ani
ngo
fgr
owt
h

b.Ge
rmi
nat
iono
fse
edsan
dco
ndi
ti
on

n
ece
ssar
yfo
rge
rmi
nat
iono
fse
eds
.

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ap
plyt
hekn
owl
edgeo
fth
eco
ndi
ti
onsn
ece
ssar
yfo
rge
rmi
nat
iono
npl
ant
sgr
owt
h.

i
i
.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ebe
twe
ene
pige
alan
dhy
poge
alge
rmi
nat
ion
.

To
pic9
:Co
-or
din
ati
onan
dco
ntr
ol

a.Ne
rvo
usc
oor
din
ati
on:

i
.th
eco
mpo
nen
ts,s
tru
ctu
rean
dfu
nct
ion
s

o
fth
ece
ntr
aln
erv
ouss
yst
em;

i
i
.Th
eco
mpo
nen
tsan
dfu
nct
ion
soft
he

p
eri
phe
ral
ner
vou
ssy
ste
ms;

i
i
i.Me
chan
ismo
ftr
ans
mis
sio
nofi
mpu
lse
s;

i
v.Re
fle
xac
tio
n
b.Th
ese
nseo
rgan
s

i
.ski
n(t
act
il
e)

i
i
.no
se(
olf
act
ory
)

i
i
i.t
ongu
e(t
ast
e)

i
v.e
ye(
sigh
t)

v
.ear(
audi
tor
y)

c
.Ho
rmo
nal
con
tro
l

i
.an
imal
hor
mon
als
yst
em

–Pi
tui
tar
y

–t
hyr
oid

–p
arat
hyr
oid

–adr
enal
glan
d

–p
anc
reas

–go
nads

i
i
.Pl
anth
ormo
nes(
phy
toh
ormo
nes
)

d.Ho
meo
stas
is

i
.Bo
dyt
emp
erat
urer
egu
lat
ion

i
i
.Sal
tan
dwat
err
egu
lat
ion

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ap
plyt
hekn
owl
edgeo
fth
est
ruc
tur
ean
dfu
nct
iono
fth
ece
ntr
al

n
erv
ouss
yst
emi
nth
eco
ordi
nat
iono
fbo
dyf
unc
tio
nsi
nor
gan
isms
.

i
i
.il
l
ust
rat
ere
fle
xac
tio
nss
uchasbl
i
nki
ngo
fth
eey
es,kn
eej
erke
tc.
i
i
i.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ebe
twe
enr
efl
exan
dvo
lun
tar
yac
tio
nsaswe
llas

c
ondi
ti
one
dre
fle
xess
uchass
ali
vat
ion
,ri
di
ngabi
cyc
lean
dswi
mmi
ng.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.as
soc
iat
eth
eli
ste
dse
nseo
rgan
swi
tht
hei
rfu
nct
ion
s.

i
i
.appl
ythekno
wle
dgeofth
est
ruc
tur
ean
dfu
nct
ion
soft
hes
ese
nseo
rgan
sinde
tec
tin
gan
d
c
orr
ecti
ngthe
irdef
ect
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.l
ocat
eth
eli
ste
den
doc
rin
egl
andsi
nan
imal
s.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
eho
rmo
nep
rodu
cedbye
acho
fth
esegl
andst
oth
eirf
unc
tio
ns.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ex
ami
net
hee
ffe
ctso
fvar
iou
sph
yto
hor
mon
es(
e.g.au
xin
s,

gi
bbe
rel
l
in,c
yto
kin
in,an
det
hyl
ene
)ongr
owt
h,t
rop
ism,f
lowe
rin
g,

f
rui
tri
pen
ingan
dle
afabs
cis
sio
n.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
efu
nct
iono
fho
rmo
nest
ore
gul
ati
ngt
hel
eve
lso
fmat
eri
alsi
nsi
det
hebo
dy.

Se
cti
onC:
Eco
logy

To
pic1
:Fac
tor
saf
fec
tin
gth
edi
str
ibu
tio
nofOr
gan
isms

i
.Abi
oti
c

i
i
.Bi
oti
c

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
duc
eth
eef
fec
tso
fte
mpe
rat
ure
;rai
nfal
l
,re
lat
ive
h
umi
di
ty,wi
nds
pee
dan
ddi
rec
tio
n,al
ti
tude
,sal
i
nit
y,t
urbi
di
ty,p
H

an
dedap
hic(
soi
l
)co
ndi
ti
onso
nth
edi
str
ibu
tio
nofo
rgan
isms
.

i
i
.us
eap
pro
pri
atee
qui
pme
nt(
e.g.s
ecc
hidi
sc,

t
her
mome
ter
,rai
ngau
gee
tc)t
ome
asu
reabi
oti
cfac
tor
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.des
cri
behowt
heac
tiv
iti
eso
fpl
ant
s/an
imal
s(p
art
icu
lar
lyh
uman
)af
fec
tth
edi
str
ibu
tio
nof
o
rgani
sms.

To
pic2:
Symbi
oti
cin
ter
act
ion
sofp
lan
tsan
dan
imal
s

(
a)En
ergyf
lowi
nth
eec
osy
ste
m:f
oodc
hai
ns,f
oodwe
bsan
dtr
oph
icl
eve
ls

(
b)Nu
tri
entc
ycl
i
ngi
nnat
ure

i
.car
bonc
ycl
e

i
i
.wat
erc
ycl
e

i
i
i.Ni
tro
genc
ycl
e

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
termineap
pro
pri
atee
xamp
leso
fsy
mbi
osi
s,p
aras
iti
sm,s
apr
oph
yti
sm,c
omme
nsal
i
sm,mu
tual
i
sm,
ame
nsali
sm,

c
omp
eti
ti
on,p
redat
ionan
dco
ope
rat
ionamo
ngo
rgan
isms
.

i
i
.as
soc
iat
eth
edi
str
ibu
tio
nofo
rgan
ismswi
thf
oodc
hai
nsan
dfo
odwe
bsi
npar
tic
ularh
abi
tat
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.fo
odc
hai
nsan
dwe
bs

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:
i
.de
scr
ibet
hec
ycl
ean
dit
ssi
gni
fi
can
cei
ncl
udi
ngt
hebal
anc
eof

at
mos
phe
rico
xyge
nan
dcar
bon(
IV)o
xidean
dgl
obal
war
min
g.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.as
ses
sth
eef
fec
tso
fwat
erc
ycl
eono
the
rnu
tri
entc
ycl
es.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eth
ero
leso
fbac
ter
iaan
dle
gumi
nou
spl
ant
sint
hec
ycl
i
ngo
fni
tro
gen
.

To
pic3:
Nat
ural
Habi
tat
s

(
a)Aq
uat
ic(
e.g.p
onds
,st
reams
,lake
s

s
eas
hor
esan
dman
gro
ves
wamp
s)

(
b)Terres
tri
al/
arbo
real(
e.g.t
ree
-to
pso
foi
lpal
m,aban
don
edf
arml
ando
radr
ygr
ass
y(s
avan
na)
f
iel
d,an
dbu r
roworhol
e.

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.as
soc
iat
epl
ant
san
dan
imal
swi
the
acho
fth
eseh
abi
tat
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eadap
tiv
efe
atu
rest
oth
ehabi
tat
sinwh
ichano
rgan
ismsl
i
ves
.

To
pic4:
Loc
al(
Nige
rianBi
ome
s)

a.Tr
opi
cal
rai
nfo
res
t

b.Gu
ine
asav
ann
a(s
out
her
nan
dno
rth
ern
)

c
.Su
danSav
ann
a

d.De
ser
t

e
.Hi
ghl
andso
fmo
ntan
efo
res
tsan
dgr
ass
lan
dso
fth
eObu
du,Jo
s,Mambi
l
laPl
ate
au.
Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.l
ocat
ebi
ome
sinr
egi
ons

i
i
.ap
plyt
hekn
owl
edgeo
fth
efe
atu
reso
fth
eli
ste
dlo
cal
bio
mesi
n

de
ter
min
ingt
hec
har
act
eri
sti
cso
fdi
ffe
ren
tre
gio
nso
fNi
ger
ia.

To
pic5:
TheEc
olo
gyo
fPo
pul
ati
ons

(
a)Po
pul
ati
onde
nsi
tyan
dov
erc
rowdi
ng.

(
b)Adap
tat
ionf
ors
urv
ival

i
.Fac
tor
sth
atbr
ingabo
utc
omp
eti
ti
on

i
i
.In
traan
din
ter
-sp
eci
fi
cco
mpe
tit
ion

i
i
i.Re
lat
ion
shi
pbe
twe
enc
omp
eti
ti
onan
dsu
cce
ssi
on.

(
c)F
act
orsaf
fec
tin
gpo
pul
ati
ons
ize
s:

i
.Bi
oti
c(e
.g.f
ood,p
est
,di
seas
e,p
redat
ion
,co
mpe
tit
ion
,re
pro
duc
tiv
eabi
l
ity
).

i
i
.Abi
oti
c(e
.g.t
emp
erat
ure
,sp
ace
,li
ght
,rai
nfal
l
,to
pogr
aph
y,p
res
sur
e,p
H,e
tc.

(
d)Ec
olo
gic
als
ucc
ess
ion

i
.pr
imar
ysu
cce
ssi
on

i
i
.se
con
dar
ysu
cce
ssi
on

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
ter
min
eth
ere
aso
nsf
orr
api
dch
ange
sinh
umanp
opu
lat
ionan
dth
eco
nse
que
nce
sofo
ver
cro
wdi
ng.

i
i
.co
mpu
te/
cal
cul
atede
nsi
tyast
hen
umbe
rofo
rgan
ismsp
eru
nitar
ea.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:
i
)Re
lat
eincreas
einp
opu
lat
ion
,di
seas
es,s
hor
tageo
ffo
odan
dsp
acewi
thi
ntr
a-an
din
ter
-sp
eci
fi
c
c
ompet
iti
on.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)De
ter
min
eni
chedi
ffe
ren
tiat
ionasame
anso
fre
duc
ingi
ntr
a-s
pec
ifi
cco
mpl
eti
on.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)Re
lat
eco
mpe
tit
iont
osu
cce
ssi
on.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
duc
eth
eef
fec
toft
hes
efac
tor
sont
hes
izeo
fpo
pul
ati
on.

i
.de
ter
min
eth
ein
ter
act
ion
sbe
twe
enbi
oti
can
dabi
oti
cfac
tor
s,e
.g.

dr
ough
tors
car
cit
yofwat
erwh
ichl
eadst
ofo
ods
hor
tagean
dlac
kof

s
pac
ewh
ichc
aus
esi
ncr
eas
eindi
seas
erat
es.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.tr
acet
hes
equ
enc
eins
ucc
ess
iont
oth
ecl
i
maxs
tageo
fst
abi
l
ityi
npl
antp
opu
lat
ion
.

To
pic6:
Soi
l

a)(
i)c
har
act
eri
sti
cso
fdi
ffe
ren
tty
pes

o
fso
il(
san
dy,l
oamy
,cl
aye
y)

i
.so
ils
tru
ctu
re

i
i
.po
ros
ity
,cap
il
lar
ityan
dhu
mus

c
ont
ent

i
i
i.Co
mpo
nen
tso
fth
eso
il

i
.i
nor
gan
ic

i
i
.or
gan
ic

i
i
i.s
oil
organ
isms

i
v.So
ilai
r
v
.So
ilwat
er

So
ilf
ert
il
it
y:

i
.l
osso
fso
ilf
ert
il
it
y

i
i
.Re
newal
andmai
nte
nan
ceo
fso
ilf
ert
il
it
y

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
den
tif
yph
ysi
cal
pro
per
tie
sofdi
ffe
ren
tso
ilt
ype
sbas
edo
nsi
mpl
e

me
asu
reme
nto
fpar
tic
les
ize
,po
ros
ityo
rwat
err
ete
nti
onabi
l
ity
.

i
i
.de
ter
min
eth
eamo
unt
sofai
r,wat
er,h
umu
san
dcap
il
lar
ityi
ndi
ffe
ren
tso
ilt
ype
sex
per
ime
ntal
l
y.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
eso
ilc
har
act
eri
sti
cs,t
ype
san
dco
mpo
nen
tst
oth
ehe
alt
hygr
owt
hofp
lan
t.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.re
lat
esu
chf
act
orsasl
osso
fin
organ
icmat
ter
,co
mpac
tio
n,

l
eac
hin
g,e
ros
iono
fth
eto
pso
ilan
dre
peat
edc
rop
pin
gwi
tho
ne

v
ari
ety
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ap
plyt
hekn
owl
edgeo
f

t
hep
rac
tic
eofc
ont
ourr
idgi
ng,t
err
aci
ng,mu
lch
ing,p
oly
-cr
opp
ing,

s
tri
p-c
rop
pin
g,u
seo
for
gan
ican
din
organ
icf
ert
il
iz
ers
,cr
opr
otat
ion
,

s
hif
tin
gcu
lti
vat
ion
,et
ctoe
nhan
ces
oil
con
ser
vat
ion
.

To
pic7
.Hu
man
san
dEn
vir
onme
nt
(
a)Di
seas
es:

(
i)Co
mmo
nan
den
demi
cdi
seas
es.

i
i
.Eas
il
ytr
ans
mis
sibl
edi
seas
esan
ddi
seas
esy
ndr
omes
uchas
:

–p
oli
omy
eli
ti
s

–c
hol
era

–t
ube
rcu
los
is

–s
exu
all
ytr
ans
mit
teddi
seas
e/s
yndr
ome(
gon
orr
hea,s
yph
il
is
,AI
DS,e
tc.

b.Po
ll
uti
onan
dit
sco
ntr
ol

(
i)s
our
ces
,ty
pes
,ef
fec
tsan
dme
tho
dso
fco
ntr
ol.

(
ii
)San
itat
ionan
dse
wage

(
c)Co
nse
rvat
iono
fNat
ural
Res
our
ces

(
d)Gamer
ese
rve
san
dNat
ion
alp
arks

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
den
tif
yec
olo
gic
alc
ondi
ti
onst
hatf
avo
urt
hes
pre
ado
fco
mmo
n

e
nde
mican
dpo
ten
tial
l
yep
ide
micdi
seas
ee.
g.mal
ari
a,me
nin
git
is,

dr
anc
unc
uli
asi
s,s
chi
sto
somi
asi
s,o
nch
oce
rci
asi
s,t
yph
oidf
eve
ran
d

c
hol
erae
tc.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
ebi
ol
ogyo
fth
eve
cto
rorage
nto
feac
hdi
seas
ewi
thi
tss
pre
adan
dco
ntr
ol.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eabl
eto
:

i
.i
den
tif
yec
olo
gic
alc
ondi
ti
onst
hatf
avo
urt
hes
pre
ado
fco
mmo
n

e
nde
mican
dpo
ten
tial
l
yep
ide
micdi
seas
ee.
g.mal
ari
a,me
nin
git
is,
dr
anc
unc
uli
asi
s,s
chi
sto
somi
asi
s,o
nch
oce
rci
asi
s,t
yph
oidf
eve
ran
d

c
hol
erae
tc.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
ebi
ol
ogyo
fth
eve
cto
rorage
nto
feac
hdi
seas
ewi
thi
tss
pre
adan
dco
ntr
ol.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.us
eth
ekn
owl
edgeo
fth
ecau
sat
iveo
rgan
isms
,mo
deo
ftr
ans
mis
sio
n

an
dsy
mpt
omso
fth
eli
ste
ddi
seas
est
oth
eir

p
rev
ent
ion
/tr
eat
men
t/c
ont
rol
.

i
i
.ap
plyt
hep
rin
cip
leso
fin
ocu
lat
ionan
dvac
cin
ati
ono
ndi
seas
epr
eve
nti
on.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.cat
ego
riz
epo
ll
uti
oni
ntoai
r,wat
eran
dso
ilp
oll
uti
on.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
eef
fec
tso
fco
mmo
npo
ll
utan
tst
ohu
manh
eal
than
den
vir
onme
ntal
degr
adat
ion
.

i
i
i.de
ter
min
eth
eme
tho
dsbywh
iche
achp
oll
utan
tmaybec
ont
rol
l
ed.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.ex
amin
ethei
mpor
tanceofs
ani
tat
ionwi
the
mph
asi
sons
oli
dwas
tes
ewagedi
spo
sal
,co
mmu
nit
y
h
ealt
handp
ers
onalhy
gie
ne.

i
ias
ses
sth
ero
lesan
dfu
nct
ion
sofi
nte
rnat
ion
alan
dnat
ion
alh
eal
th

age
nci
es(
e.g
.Wo
rldHe
alt
hOr
gan
izat
ion(
WHO)
,Un
ite
dNat
ion
s

I
nte
rnat
ion
alCh
il
dre
nEme
rge
ncyF
und(
UNI
CEF
),I
nte
rnat
ion
alRe
dCr
oss

So
cie
ty(
IRCS)
,an
dth
emi
ni
str
ieso
fhe
alt
han
den
vir
onme
nt.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

(
i)ap
plyt
hev
ari
ousme
tho
dso
fco
nse
rvat
iono
fbo
tht
her
ene
wabl
ean
d

n
on-r
ene
wabl
enat
ural
res
our
cesf
ort
hep
rot
ect
iono
fou
ren
vir
onme
nt

f
orp
res
entan
dfu
tur
ege
ner
ati
ons
.
(
ii
)ou
tli
net
hebe
nef
itso
fco
nse
rvi
ngn
atu
ral
res
our
ces
,pr
eve
nti
ono
fde
ser
tif
icat
ion
.

(
ii
i)i
den
tif
yth
ebo
die
sre
spo
nsi
blef
ort
hec
ons
erv
ati
ono
fre
sou
rce
s

att
hen
ati
onal
andi
nte
rnat
ion
all
eve
ls(
e.g.Ni
ger
ianCo
nse
rvat
ion

F
oun
dat
ion(
NCF
),F
ede
ral
Min
ist
ryo
fEn
vir
onme
nt,Ni
ger
iaNat
ion
al

Par
ks,Wo
rldWi
l
dli
feF
oun
dat
ion(
WWF
),I
nte
rnat
ion
alUn
ionf
or

Co
nse
rvat
iono
fNat
ure(
IUCN)
,

Un
ite
dNat
ion
sEn
vir
onme
ntal
Pro
gramme(
UNEP)an
dth
eirac
tiv
iti
es.

(
iv)as
sest
hei
rac
tiv
iti
es.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.Kn
owt
hel
ocat
ionan
dimp
ort
anc
eofgamer
ese
rve
san
dNat
ion
alp
arksi
nNi
ger
ia

Se
cti
onD:
Her
edi
tyan
dVar
iat
ion
s

To
pic1
:Var
iat
ionI
nPo
pul
ati
on

a.Mo
rph
olo
gic
alv
ari
ati
onsi
nth
eph
ysi
cal
app
ear
anc
eofi
ndi
vi
dual
s.

(
i)s
ize(
hei
ght
,we
igh
t)

(
ii
)Co
lou
r(s
kin
,ey
e,h
air
,co
ato
fan
imal
s,s
cal
esan
dfe
ath
ers
.

(
ii
i)F
inge
rpr
int
s

b.Ph
ysi
ol
ogi
cal
var
iat
ion

(
i)Abi
l
ityt
oro
llt
ongu
e

(
ii
)Abi
l
ityt
otas
te

p
hen
ylt
hio
car
bami
de(
PTC)

(
ii
i)Bl
oodgr
oup
s

c
.Ap
pli
cat
iono
fdi
sco
nti
nuo
us

v
ari
ati
oni
ncr
imede
tec
tio
n,
bl
oodt
ran
sfu
sio
nan
d

de
ter
min
ati
ono
fpat
ern
ity
.

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.di
ffe
ren
tiat
ebe
twe
enc
ont
inu
ousan
ddi
sco
nti
nuo
usv
ari
ati
onswi
the
xamp
les
.

i
i
.re
lat
eth
ero
leo
fen
vir
onme
ntal
con
dit
ion
s,h
abi
tatan
dth
ege
net
icc
ons
tit
uti
ont
ovar
iat
ion
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)me
asu
reh
eigh
tsan
dwe
igh
tofp
upi
l
soft
hes
ameagegr
oup
;

i
i
)pl
otgr
aph
soff
req
uen
cydi
str
ibu
tio
noft
heh
eigh
tsan
dwe
igh
ts.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)obs
erv
ean
dre
cor
dvar
iou
sco
lou
rpat
ter
nsi
nso
mep
lan
tsan
dmammal
s.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)ap
plyc
las
sif
icat
iono
ffi
nge
rpr
int
sini
den
tit
yde
tec
tio
n.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)ide
nti
fys
omes
pec
ifi
cex
amp
leso
f

p
hys
iol
ogi
cal
var
iat
ionamo
ngh
umanp
opu
lat
ion
.

i
i
)cat
ego
riz
epe
opl
eac
cor
din
gtot
hei
rph
ysi
ol
ogi
cal
var
iat
ion
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)ap
plyt
hekn
owl
edgeo
fbl
oodgr
oup
sin

bl
oodt
ran
sfu
sio
nan
dde
ter
min
ati
ono
fpat
ern
ity
.

i
i
)us
edi
sco
nti
nuo
usv
ari
ati
oni
ncr
imede
tec
tio
n.

To
pic2.He
redi
ty

a)I
nhe
rit
anc
eofc
har
act
ersi
nor
gan
isms
;
i
)He
rit
abl
ean
dno
n-h
eri
tabl
ech
arac
ter
s.

b)Ch
romo
some
s–t
hebas
iso
fhe
redi
ty;

(
i)St
ruc
tur
e

(
ii
)Pr
oce
sso
ftr
ans
mis
sio
nofh
ere
dit
aryc
har
act
ersf
romp
are
ntst
oof
fsp
rin
g.

c
)Pr
obabi
l
ityi
nge
net
icsan
dse
xde
ter
min
ati
on.

a)Ap
pli
cat
iono
fth
epr
inc
ipl
eso
fhe
redi
tyi
n:

i
)Agr
icu
ltu
re

(
ii
)Me
dic
ine

b.Se
x–l
i
nke
dch
arac
ter
se.
g.bal
dne
ss,h
aemo
phi
l
ia,c
olo
urbl
i
ndn
ess
,et
c.

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.de
ter
min
ehe
rit
abl
ean
dno
n-h
eri
tabl
ech
arac
ter
swi
the
xamp
les
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
ll
ust
rat
esi
mpl
est
ruc
tur
eofDNA

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.i
ll
ust
rat
ese
gre
gat
iono
fge
nesatme
ios
isan
dre
combi
nat
ion

o
fgene
satfe
rti
l
izat
iont
otoac
cou
ntf
ort
hep
roc
esso
ftr
ans
mis
sio
nofc
har
act
ersf
romp
are
ntst
o
o
ffs
pri
ngs
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)dedu
cet h
atsegr
egat
iono
fge
neso
ccu
rsdu
rin
ggame
tef
ormat
ionan
dth
atr
eco
mbi
nat
iono
fge
nes
atf
erti
li
zati
oni
s

r
ando
minn
atu
re.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.an
aly
zedat
aonc
ros
s-br
eedi
nge
xpe
rime
nts
.

i
i
.appl
ythepri
nci
pl
eso
fhe
redi
tyi
nth
epr
odu
cti
ono
fne
wvar
iet
ieso
fcr
opsan
dli
ves
toc
kth
rou
gh
c
ros
s-bre
e di
ng.
i
i
i.de
duc
eadv
ant
age
san
ddi
sadv
ant
age
s

o
fou
t-br
eedi
ngan
din
-br
eedi
ng.

i
v.anal
yzeel
ement
ari
lyt
hec
ont
ent
iou
sis
sue
sofge
net
ical
l
ymo
dif
iedo
rgan
isms(
GMO)an
dge
ne
t
herapyandbi
osaf
ety
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)appl
ythekn
owl
edgeo
fhe
redi
tyi
nmar
riagec
oun
sel
l
ingwi
thp
art
icu
larr
efe
ren
cet
obl
oodgr
oup
ing,
s
ickl
e-ce
ll

an
aemi
aan
dth
eRh
esu
sfac
tor
s.

i
i
)ex
ami
net
hes
ign
ifi
can
ceo
fus
ingr
eco
mbi
nan
tDNAmat
eri
alsi
nth
e

p
rodu
cti
ono
fimp
ort
antme
dic
alp
rodu
ctss
uchasi
nsu
li
n,i
nte
rfe
ronan
d

e
nzy
mes
.

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
)ide
nti
fyc
har
act
erst
hatar
ese
xli
nke
d.

Se
cti
onE:
Evo
lut
ion

To
pic1
:Th
eor
ieso
fev
olu
tio
n

a)L
amar
ck’
sth
eor
y

b)Dar
win
’st
heo
ry

c
)or
gan
ict
heo
ry

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.
)re
lat
eor
gan
ice
vol
uti
onast
hes
umt
otal
ofal
ladap
tiv
ech
ange
s

t
hath
avet
ake
npl
aceo
veral
ongp
eri
odo
fti
mer
esu
lti
ngi
nth
e
di
ver
sit
yoff
orms
,st
ruc
tur
ean
dfu
nct
ion
samo
ngo
rgan
isms
.

i
i
.)e
xami
net
hec
ont
ribu
tio
nso
fLamar
ckan
dDar
wint
oth
eth
eor
yofe
vol
uti
on.

i
i
i.
)kn
owe
vide
nce
sins
upp
orto
for
gan
ice
vol
uti
on

To
pic2:
Evi
den
ceo
fev
olu
tio
n

Obj
ect
ive
s

Can
didat
ess
hou
ldbeabl
eto
:

i
.
)pr
ovideevi
den
cesf
ore
vol
uti
ons
uchasf
oss
ilr
eco
rds
,co
mpar
ati
vean
ato
my,p
hys
iol
ogyan
d
e
mbryo
logy
.

i
i
.)t
rac
eev
olu
tio
nar
ytr
endsi
npl
ant
san
dan
imal
s.

i
i
i.
)pr
ovi
dee
vide
ncef
ormo
der
nev
olu
tio
nar
yth
eor
iess
uchasge
net
ics
tudi
esan
dth
ero
leo
fmu
tat
ion
.