ENGINEERING PHYSICS ASSIGNMENT 2

Q.Explore how crystal structure influences properties such as mechanical strength,

conductivity, optical behaviour, and magnetic properties in several types of materials,
including metals, ceramics, polymers, and semiconductors

The crystal structure of materials like metals, ceramics, polymers, and semiconductors
greatly influences their properties:

Metals:

In metals, crystal structure affects mechanical strength and conductivity. For example,
face-centered cubic (FCC) metals like aluminum offer high ductility, while body-centered
cubic (BCC) metals like iron are stronger but less ductile.

Ceramics:

Ceramics' mechanical strength and conductivity are determined by their atomic

arrangement. Regular structures like diamond or silicon carbide exhibit high strength,
while ceramics typically act as insulators due to their bonding types.

Polymers:

Polymer properties, including mechanical strength and conductivity, are influenced by

factors like chain alignment and crystallinity. Crystalline polymers often have higher
strength, while most polymers act as insulators.

Semiconductors:

Semiconductors' mechanical strength and conductivity depend on crystal defects and

doping. Single-crystal silicon is strong, and its conductivity can be controlled by
introducing impurities.

Understanding these relationships helps tailor materials for specific applications and
engineer advanced functionalities.

Yash Kumbhar
23104B0081
EXTC