ENGINEERING PHYSICS Yash Kumbhar

23104B0081
ASSIGNMENT 1 EXTC B

.RESEARCH CASE STUDY OR EXAMPLE WHERE CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS HAS

BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN DEVELOPMENT IN NEW MATERIAL OR IN EXISTING ONES

Crystallographic analysis has played a pivotal role in advancing materials

science and engineering. Here are some case studies and examples where
crystallography has been instrumental:

1. Predicting Crystal Systems Using Machine Learning

Crystallography, particularly X-ray diffraction (XRD), is essential for
determining the crystal system and space group of a compound.
Machine learning (ML) algorithms have significantly impacted
crystallographic data analysis.
Researchers have developed novel strategies for accelerating crystal
structure discovery processes using ML.
A case study involves predicting the crystal system of polycrystalline
compounds by training ML models using lattice parameters1.
2. Crystalline Phase Analysis in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Materials
XRD was used to investigate cathode materials (LiMnxFe1-x(PO4)) and
synthetic graphite (anode) samples.
Crystallography helped determine phase composition, crystallite size in
the cathode, and the degree of graphitization in anode materials2.
3. Everyday Applications: Automotive and Aviation Industry
Crystallography impacts the development of everyday items, including
innovative materials for the automotive and aviation industries.
For example, understanding crystal structures guides the design of
high-performance materials used in these sectors3.
4. Structural Characterization of Polycrystalline Thin Films
XRD techniques provide information about bulk materials,
polycrystalline thin films, and multilayer structures.
Crystallography reveals material phases, crystalline structure, crystallite
size, strain, orientation, and defects4.

In summary, crystallography continues to drive advancements in materials

research, from predicting crystal systems to optimizing material performance.
Its impact spans various scientific fields and practical applications