Looking Back

Stress
Is the resistance of a material to the distorting effect of external
forces.

Simple Stress
• Normal Stress
• Bearing Stress
• Shearing Stress
Normal Stress
Stress caused by axial force (act perpendicular/ normal to the
surface/area) [Tension/ Compression]

What is the formula for Normal Stress?

STRESS ON
AN INCLINE
PLANE
STRESS ON AN
INCLINE PLANE
When a bar of cross-sectional area
A is subjected to an axial load P,
the normal stress P/A acts on the
cross section of the bar.

As seen in the figure the force P is

a vertical force perpendicular to
the cross sectional area. Having a
inclined plane the force P and the
area (A) is subjected into
components
STRESS ON AN INCLINE PLANE
Where:
P = Applied Force
V = Shear Force (Resist sliding, parallel to surface)
Pₙ = Normal Force (Resistance, perpendicular to surface)
θ = Angle of Inclination

Note:
The stress is due to the resistance in applied loads. We should
get the stress due to Normal Force and Shear Force. Also called
as Normal Stress “σ” and Shear Stress “τ”
A = Cross - Sectional Area
A’ = Inclined Area
STRESS ON AN
INCLINE PLANE
How about if the force is applied horizontally like in the figure shown?

A = Cross - Sectional Area

A’ = Inclined Area
REVIEW OF ANGLES
The rectangular wood panel is formed
by gluing together two boards along
the 30degree seam as shown in the
figure. Determine the largest axial
force P that can be carried safely by
the panel if the working stress for
the wood is 1120 psi, and the normal
and shear stresses in the glue are
limited to 700 psi and 450 psi,
respectively.
Quick break?
 SHEAR STRESS
Evaluate the strength of connectors, such as rivets,
bolts, and welds.
Example 1: Welded Example 2: Riveted
SHEAR STRESS
Is tangent to the plane on which
it acts. Shear stress arises 1 SINGLE SHEAR IN RIVET
whenever the applied loads
cause one section of a body to
slide past its adjacent section.
2 DOUBLE SHEAR IN BOLT
It is common practice to assume
that the shear force V is
uniformly distributed over the SHEAR STRESS PRODUCE
shear area A. 3 BY THE PUNCH
1 SINGLE SHEAR IN RIVET

Assessing the stress received by a Rivet

FREE BODY DIAGRAM due to the applied load, P.

Considering the top plate, we can use

summation of forces to get the value of
resistance force V in the rivet.
V=P
We know that the cross-sectional shape
of rivet is a circle. Shear stress in the
rivet is:

𝑉𝑉 𝜋𝜋𝐷𝐷 2
𝜏𝜏 = 𝐴𝐴 =
𝐴𝐴 4
 2 DOUBLE SHEAR IN PINS / RIVETS
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
Considering a bolt is attach as the
diagram shown and there is a load
applied P. The resistance in bolt double,
using the summation of forces we can
say that:
2V = P
V = P/2
Let us substitute the V = P/2 in the stress
formula:

𝑉𝑉 𝑃𝑃
𝜏𝜏 = 𝜏𝜏 =
𝐴𝐴 2𝐴𝐴
Note: The cross-sectional area of
a bolt is circle. The reaction or We can say that the bolt of the clevis in the
resistance V is a resultant load.
figure carries load P across two cross-
sectional areas.
DOUBLE SHEAR IN PIN Figure

Compute the shearing stress in

the pin at B for the member
supported as shown in figure.
 3 SHEAR STRESS PRODUCE BY A PUNCH

Due to the force P, a stress receive by the punch

FREE BODY DIAGRAM circular cross-sectional area. It also receive a stress
“shear stress” in the skin of the Punch.
 Figure

What force is required to punch

a 20-mm-diameter hole in a
plate that is 25 mm thick? The
shear strength is 350 MPa.