Energy and Energetics

Lab#10
Topic:​Energy and Energetics
Date: ​December 2, 2021
Skill Assessed:​M/M
Aim:​To measure the heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.
Apparatus/Materials:​Polystyrene cup, measuring cylinder, stirring rod, thermometer, 1 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid and 1mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide.
Method:
1. A measuring cylinder was used to measure 50cm3 of hydrochloric acid and then poured it in
a polystyrene cup.
2. The thermometer was placed in the cup and measure and record the temperature as T1. This
is the initial temperature.
3. A measuring cylinder was used to measure 50cm3 of sodium hydroxide and poured in the
polystyrene cup containing the hydrochloric acid.
4. The mixture was stirred gently
5. The thermometer was placed in the cup to measure the maximum temperature reached by
the mixture. The temperature was recorded as T2. This is the final temperature.

Results:
TABLE SHOWING THE INITIAL AND FINAL TEMPERATURE OF THE ACIDS
Mixture
Initial Temperature (T1) /oC
Final temperature (T2) /oC
Hydrochloric Acid
26
32

Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide

27

Questions
1. Write the balanced molecular and ionic equations for the reaction
Balance molecular equation: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ------> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Ionic equation: Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) ------> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + H2O(l)
2. Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used in the reaction

i. Calculate the number of moles of water produced during the reaction.

• 1000cm3 of NaOH(aq) contain 1.0 mol NaOH
• 50cm3 of NaOH(aq) contain × 50 mol NaOH = 0.05 mol NaOH
• And 1000cm3 of HCL contains 1.0 mol HCL
• 50cm3 of HCL (aq) contain × 50mol HCL = 0.05 mol HCL
From the equation:
• 1mol NaOH reacts with 1 mol HCL forming 1 mol H2O
• 0.05 mol NaOH reacts with 0.05 mol HCL forming 0.05 H2O
• 0.05 mol H2O is produced in the reaction

3. Determine the heat of neutralization using the following steps

• Total volume of solution = 50 +50 = 100cm3
• Mass of solution is 100g
• Average initial temperature, T1 = 26 + 27 oC = 26.5oC
2
• Final temperature, T2 = 32oC
• Temperature increase, T = T2 – T1 = (32 – 26.5) oC = 6.7 oC
• Specific heat capacity of solution, c = 4.2Jg-1oC-1
• Using q = m × c × T,

Conclusion:
​the heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is -56.28KJmol-1