BUTONDO SECONDARY SCHOOL

GEOGRAPHY FIELD PROJECT.

TITLE
The impact of human activities on the environment (forest) a case study of mufulira

NAME…………………………......………...........…PRIDE MWAPE

EXAM NUMBER……………...............………….190500900111

GRADE AND CLASS…………...........………….12D

SCHOOOOL…………........…….………………….BUTONDO SECONDARY SCHOOL

SCHOOOL CODE…….........……………………..5005

EXAMINATION YEAR ..................................2024

TEACHER……………..........……………………….MRS MALAMBO
 AIM

Investigate the negative effects of human activities on

forests in Mufulira
 OBJECTIVES
1. To establish the importance of conversation farming in Mufulira

2. To determine the problems being experienced in conversation farming in Mufulira

3. To as certain practices and measures involved in conversation farming in Mufulira

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

FIRST AND FOR MOST IWANT TO GRANT MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO THE ALMIGHTY GOD FOR
HIS MERCY AND KNOWLEDGE HE HAD GIVEN ME

 SECONDLY DEVELOPMENT OF THIS FIELD PROJECT WOULD NOT HAVE BEE POSSIBLE
AND SUCCESFUL WITHOUT THE INVOLVEMENT AND COMMITMENT OF THESE PEOPLE .

MR AND MRS KASHIMBAYA:MY BELOVED PARENTS THANK YOU FOR THE FINANCIAL
AND ENCOURAGEMENT SURPPORT.

SPECIALTHANKS GOES TO MY TEACHER MRS MALAMBO. SHE PLAYED AN IPORTANT

ROLE IN MY PROJECT BECOUSE ALL THE IDEAS FOR THE PROJEGT CAME FROM HER.
 Declaration
I Pride Mwape hereby declare that this investigation into the impact of human
activities on the environment in Mufulira,Copperbelt,Zambia is my original
work and has not been submitted elsewhere for assessment.I Declare that l
have followed ethinical guidelines and ensured the confidentiality and
anonymity of particular and stakeholder involved in the study.
 DEDICATION
THIS WORK IS DEDICATEED TO MY FAMILY MEMBERS,FRIENDS AND MY TEACHER FOR
THEIR TIRELESS SUPPORT AND DAILY PRAYERS WHICH MADE ME ACCOMPLISH THIS
GREAT WORKSUCCESSFULLY. I PRIDE MWAPE INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF HUMAN
ACTIVITIES ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IN MUFULIRA,COPPERBELT ,ZAMBIA.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………ii
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………….iii
CHARPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY………………………………………………………1
LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA……………………………………………………2
AIMS OF THE STUDY……………………………………………………………………..3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………..3
RESEACH QUESTIONS……………………………………………………………………3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………….……………………………………….4
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………….5
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION…………………………………………………………………….6
CHAPTER FIVE
DATA ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………………………8
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………….12
RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………………………12
CHAPTER SEVEN
EVALUATION………………………………………………………………………………..13
LIMITATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………13
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………….14
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS…………………………………………………………………15
 CHARPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

FOREST ARE CRUCIAL ECOSYSTEM THAT SUPPORTS A DIVERSE RANGE OF FLORA AND
FAUNA ,REGULATECLIMATE,AND PROVIDES NUMEROUSE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
ESSENTIAL FOR HUMAN WELL BEING. HOWEVER, HUMAN ACTIVITIES SUCH AS
DEFORESTANTION ,LOGGING, URBAN EXPANSION, AND AGRICULTURE POSE A
SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO FOREST ECOSYSTEM WORLDWIDE. THIS FIELD PROJECT SEEKS
TO EXPLORE AND ANALYSE THE IMPACT OF THESE ACTIVITIES ON FOREST HEALTH AND
BIODIVERSITY.
 LOCATION OF THE STUDY
MUFURILA TOWN IS A DISTRICT OF ZAMBIA, LOCATED ON THE COPPER BELT
PROVINCE. THE TOWN OF MUFULIRA SITS AT AN AVERAGE ELEVATION OF 1,273M
ABOVE SEA LEVEL.MUFULIRA IS LOCATED APPROXIMATELY 19 KILOMETRES
SOUTHWEST OF THE TOWN OF MOKAMBO AN ITNTERNATIONAL BORDER TOWM
FOUND IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO .A TARMAC HIGHWAY TO THE
SOUTH WEST THE 4M ROAD CONNECTS MUFULIRA TO KITWE,43 AWAY .

MUFULIRA IS CONNECTED TO THE MOKAMBO BORDER AND EVENTUALLY THE

LUAPULA PROVINCE OF ZAMBIA BY THE CONGO PEDICLE ROAD. THE SECTION FROM
MUFULIRA TO MOKAMBO IS DESIGNATED AS THE M5 ROAD WHILE THE ROUTE
THROUGH THE CONGO PEDICLE TO THE CHEMBE BORDER BRIDGE IS NAMED THE
PEDICLE ROAD.

MUFURILA
 AIM OF THE STUDY
TO DETERMIN THE ENVIROMEMTAL EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE LOCAL
COMMUNITIES IN MUFULIRA DISTRICT OF ZAMBIA ON THE COPPER BELT PROVINCE

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 TO IDENTIFY AND DOCUMENT HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFECTING THE LOCAL
ENVIROMENT
 ANALYSE THE SPECIFIC IMPACT OF THESE ACTIVITIES ON THE ECOSYSTEM
 EVALUATE THE LONG TERM CONSEQUENCES OF THESE IMPACT
 PROPOSE PRACTICAL SOLUTION TO REDUCE ENVIROMENTAL DAMAGE

RESEARCH QUESTION
 WHAT IS THE CURRENT RATE OF DEFORESTATION IN THE STUDY AREA
 HOW HAS THE EXTENT OF FOREST COVER CHANGED OVER PAST DECADES
 WHAT ARE THE KEY SPECIES MOST AFFECTED BY FOREST LOSS
 What measures have been employed to promote suisutanaible environmental
management (forest management)
 What are the impacts of humans activities on the Forest in Mufulira
 How are the humans benefiting from forests in Mufulira
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROVIDSNUMEROUS ECOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC

BENEFITS, BUT ARE FACING UNPRECEDENTED THREATS FROM HUMAN ACTIVITIES.

DEFORESTATION AND LAND USE CHANGES STUDIES HAVE CONSISTENTLY SHOWN THAT
DEFORESTATION ANDLAND USE CHANGES ARE SIGNIFICANT DRIVERS OF FOREST
DEGRADATION AND LOSS .AGRICULTURE EXPANSION ,URBANIZATION AND
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ARE LEADING TO WIDE SPREAD FOREST CLEARANCE
AND FRAGMENTATION

LOGGING AND TIMBER EXTRACTION :SELECTIVE LOGGING AND TIMBER EXTRACTION

CAN ALTER FOREST STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION LEADING TO CHANGES IN
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES.ILLEGAL LOGGING AND ASSOCIATED
ACTIVITIES ALSO CONTRIBUTE TOFOREST DEGRADATION AND LOSS

URBANIZATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT :URBANIZATION AND

INFRAASTRUCTURE CAN LEAD TO FOREST FRAGMENTATION,HABIT LOSS, AND
INCREASED HUMAN WILDLIFE CONFLICT

THE ABOVE REASONS CANNOT BE GENERATED TO THE ZAMBIAN SITUATION HENCE

THE RESEARCH WAS UNDERTAKEN TO LOCALISE IT AND TRY TO COME UP WITH SOME
MITIGATION MEASURES TO REDUCE THE EFFECTSC OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE
ENVIROMENT
 CHARPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

THE RESEARCH EMPLOYED BOTH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND QUANTITAVE

RESEARCH METHOD. THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS THAT WERE USED IN THE
COLLECTION OF DATA WERE INTERVIEWS SCHEDULES ALONGSIDE WITH OBSERVATION

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
A RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO CHOOSE THE PEOPLE TO BE
INTERVIEWED IN THIS PROJECT REPORT. THE STUDY SITE WAS OBSERVED AND
INTERVIEWS CONDACTED TO TARGETED RESPONDENTS IN THE AEA UNDER STUDY

DATA COLLECTION
SECONDARY RESOURCES FROM TEXT BOOK AND PRIMARY DATA SOURCE WERE USED IN
THE COLLECTION OF DATA. THE RESEACHER ALSO VISITED THE AREA UNDER STUDY TO
COLLECT DATA USING INTERVIEWS GUIDS AS WELL AS THROUGH OBSERVATION ON THE
AREA UNDER STUDY.

INSTRUMENTATION
THE STUDY UTILISED A NUMBER OF INSTRUMENTS WHICH INCLUDE THE SMART
PHONE, INTERVIEWS, QUESTION GUIDE, OBSERVATION SHEETS ,PENS AND NOT
BOOKS.THE PEN, PENCIL AND NOT BOOKS WERE USED IN WRITING DOWN DATA AND
SKETCHING OF THE TOWNSHIP. SSMART PHONES WERE USED IN TAKING PHOTOS
SHOWING CAMPUS DIRECTION AND USED FOR TIME CHECKING

DATA ANALYSIS
MUCH OF THE DATA COLLECTED WAS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE AND THUS IT
WAS FIRST SUMMARISED AND SORTED THE ANALYSED USING PIE CHART , TABLES AND
BAR GRAPH.
 CHARPTER FOUR
DATA COLLECTION
THE RESPONDETS INCLUDE 40%FEMALES AND 60% MALES WHICH MADE THE RESULT
NOT TO BE BASED IN TERMS OF GENDER THAT WAS INCLUDED IN THE RESPONDENTS

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE ENVIROMENT TO THE LOCAAL

COMMUNITY
THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS HOW PEOPLE BEFIT FROM FORESTS

AN HOW THE COMMUNITY BEFIT PERCENTAGE

FROM FOREST
1 IT IS A SOURCE OF FOOD 20%
SUCH AS FRUITS

2 Source of revenue when 50%

tourist come to visits the
forest

3 CREATS EMPLOYMENT TO 20%

PPEOPLE WHO GUARD THE
FOREST

4 SOURCE OF WOOD FUEL 10%

PIE CHART SHOWING HOW THE COMUNITY

 Negative impact of human activities on the environment

1 Deforestation 50%
2 Land degradation 25%
3
Pollution 25%

BAR CHART SHOWING THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE

ENVIROMENT
Data interpretation and analysis

Negative effect of human activities on the environment

Deforestation: this occurs mainly when clearing for for construction and farming purposes
and this same deforestation lead to droughts and displacement of wild life which
increases the rate of conflict between humans and animals

Land degradation lead to soil missing its fertility and make the land unproductive to some
detain species of animals and plants
 CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and recommendation
Conclusion
This field project has provided valuable insight into the impact of human activities on forest
ecosystem. The findings suggest that human activities such as logging agriculture and
urbanization have significantly altered leading to deforestation ,mining and agricultured
expansion,have had a profound impact on the environmental in Mufulira .
The findings suggested that these activities have led to significant environmental degradation,including deforestation
,water pollution,soil erosion and loss of biodiversity. The social impact have also been significant, with displacement of
local communities and loss of traditional livehoods. While there may be short term economic benefits from these
activities , the long -term casts to the environment and local esmmunites are likely to be Substantial

Habitat loss and fragmentation

Reduction in biodiversity

Soil erosion on and nutrient depletion

Recommendation

Sustainable forest management implement selective logging reforestation and sustainable force
management practices to minimize habitat loss and fragmentation

Conservation effort establish protected areas wildlife corridors and national parks to reduce
deforestation habitat destruction

Policy reform encourage policy reforms and legislation that protect forest ecosystem and
promote sustainable land use practices
 CHAPTER SEVEN
EVALUATION

By evaluating these criterial we can understand the impact of human activities on forest
ecosystem and the effectivenesss of conservation efforts and make informed decisions to
improve forest conservation and sustainable management practices.

 Environmental impacts
1. Deforestation and land degradation:High
2. Climate cahnge:Medium
 Social impacts
1. Healthy imapcts:.Medium
2. Reduce access to forest resources:Medium
LIMITATION
Time and resource constraints limited my restrict the scope and duration of the project
Access restrictions:difficulty in accessing remote or protected forest areas may limit data
collection data quality and accuracy limited data availability accuracy and reliability may
affect the project validity

Sampling bias: selecting sampling sites or respondents may not be represent that I’ve of
the entire forest ecosysystem