Risky business, but in completely different

ways...
The
spiral
Model
By: Hiba Ammissa
What is the Spiral Model?
The Spiral Model (Boehm, 1986) is a software
development process combining elements of both
design and prototyping in stages. It emphasizes
iterative development and risk management, where
the project passes through repeated cycles (spirals)
of planning, risk analysis, engineering, and
evaluation. Each cycle aims to refine the product
progressively, incorporating customer feedback and
mitigating risks at every stage.
 Steps of the Spiral Model
Evaluation
4
The customer evaluates the product and
provides feedback. This feedback refines
requirements and plans for the next
iteration.
Planning 1
Requirements are gathered, and
objectives are set for the
iteration. The team estimates
costs and establishes a timeline

Development
3 Risk Analysis 2
Development and testing of the
product occur incrementally. Each Risks are identified and analyzed,
iteration results in a prototype or a and alternative solutions are
part of the final product. evaluated. Prototyping helps
assess and mitigate risks.
 Planning
1 Objective Setting 2 Alternative Approaches

3 Constraint Identification 4 Resource Allocation

5 Schedule Development
 Risk Analysis
1 Risk Identification 2 Risk Analysis

3 Risk Mitigation Planning 4 Risk Resolution

 Development
1 System Design 2 Implementation

3 Testing 4 Integration
 Evaluation
1 Review and Feedback 2 Performance Assessment

3 Lessons Learned 4 Next Iteration Planning

 Pros
1 Risk Management 2 Flexibility

3 Customer Feedback 4 Iterative Development

5 Prototyping
 Cons
1 Complexity 2 High Cost

3 Time-Consuming 4 Overhead
When do we use the Spiral
Model?
1 Complex Projects 2 Evolving Requirements

3 High-Risk Projects 4 Prototyping Needs

5 Customer Involvement
Thank you for your
attention!
 References:
1. Boehm, B. W. (1986). A Spiral Model of Software Development
and Enhancement. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Note, 11(4),
14-24. Retrieved from
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/12944.12948
2. GeeksforGeeks. (n.d.). Difference between V-Model and Spiral
Model. Retrieved from
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-v-model-
and-spiral-model/
3. Javatpoint. (n.d.). Software Engineering | Spiral Model.
Retrieved from https://www.javatpoint.com/software-
engineering-spiral-model
4. University of Alberta. (n.d.). Software Processes and Agile
Practices [Online course]. Coursera. Retrieved from
https://www.coursera.org/learn/software-processes-and-agile-
practices/