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15 June M.5
15 June M.5
15 June M.5
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Defining beauty is a complex task. To start with, we all have our own ideas of what it means to be
beautiful. There is a lot of truth behind the popular saying, 'Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.' Because
it is so subjective, there is no single concept of beauty which everyone agrees with. Instead, it appears
that what we regard as beautiful depends to a large extent on the country, culture and age we live in.
The ancient Egyptians believed that narrow hips and wide, cat-like eyes were a sign of beauty. Both men
and women decorated their eyes heavily with makeup, all the way from the eyebrow to the top of the
nose. The ancient Greeks and Romans, on the other hand, looked for beauty mostly in men, not women.
The tall, muscular male form we think of as handsome today dates back to the concept of beauty from this
period.
By contrast, views on what makes women beautiful have changed almost constantly over the years. In the
Tang dynasty in China (7th-10th Century) large women were considered beautiful, but by the11th Century it
was fashionable to be slim. In 15th Century renaissance Europe, beautiful women again needed to have a
'full figure'. Women also plucked their hair from the front of their heads to make their foreheads higher. In
the 18th Century, more hair was fashionable, so huge wigs became popular (mice often made their homes
in them!). In the 19th Century, women wore extremely tight corsets to make their waists as narrow as
possible. In China, until the early 20th Century, women were thought beautiful if they had tiny feet. This
led to the practice of binding young girls' feet from an early age. Having small feet was a more obvious
sign of beauty than a pretty face.
Modern notions of beauty are driven by Hollywood and the media. In the west, many people view darker
skin as attractive, so millions of people take vacations on hot beaches every year, trying to get a suntan.
However, whiter skin is considered attractive to many people from eastern cultures. Women carry white
umbrellas in sunny weather to protect themselves from the sun and avoid getting a tan!
Nowadays, there are images of beautiful people all around us; on billboards, in magazines, on TV and in
the movies. Perhaps more than ever before, women are made to feel dissatisfied and insecure about their
appearance. This could be the reason why eating disorders are common, and cosmetic surgery is so in
demand. Yet the fashion and beauty industry continue to feed the obsession for perfect beauty. Their
message is simple; it requires unending effort ... and, of course, continual expense. (452 words)
~5~
Decide if the following statement is true or false. Find evidence in the text to support your answer.
1. Where you were born can influence your notion of beauty. True False
2. We all have different ideas about what beauty is. True False
3. The idea of male beauty hasn't changed much over the years. True False
4. Still in China today most people view small feet as a sign of beauty in a woman. True False
5. People from the east and the west have similar notions of beauty. True False
In Paragraph 1, which word means ‘based on personal feelings rather than facts’?
In Paragraph 3, which word means ‘tying together tightly’?
In Paragraph 3, which word means ‘artificial hair pieces that people wear on their heads’?
Guess the correct meaning of each idiom from the context. It's OK if you get a lot of answers
incorrect - the important part is to do your best in trying to figure it out!
1. My best friend dated my brother for five years. They just split up two weeks ago - it was
a bad breakup, and now I'm walking on eggshells around both of them.
"Walking on eggshells" means:
a. being very cautious so as not to upset or offend someone
b. helping two people resolve a conflict
c. trying to make depressed people feel better
2. My cousin gave me a free plane ticket to Hawaii, and my boss gave me two weeks off to travel. I
just found out my favorite band is doing a show in Hawaii at the same time I'll be there - that's just
the icing on the cake! If something is "the icing on the cake," it is...
a. a perfect opportunity to have fun
b. an unexpected coincidence
c. an additional benefit to something that is already good
3. The Yankees are the best baseball team of all time. The proof is in the pudding - they've won
more championships than any sports franchise in history.
"The proof is in the pudding" means...
a. it is impossible to lose
b. they have a big advantage
c. you can be sure that something is true if it is tested
4. I'm currently taking 6 college courses in addition to working full-time. That means I'm busy every
day from 6 AM to 11 PM, and I'm getting behind on my schoolwork. I think I bit off more than I
could chew this semester.
"I bit off more than I could chew" means...
a. I eat too much and don't exercise enough
b. I took on more responsibilities than I can handle
c. I don't have a good social life
5. Changing a country's trajectory takes time - the economic policies enacted three years ago are
just now beginning to bear fruit.
To "bear fruit" means...
a. become popular
b. finish
c. produce positive results
~7~
6. When the salesman starts talking about how buying an expensive new car will make your life really
great, you should take it with a grain of salt.
"Take it with a grain of salt" means...
a. bargain for a better price
b. not believe it to be completely true or correct
c. agree enthusiastically
7. I don't trust that newspaper. Their reporting isn't very balanced; they tend to cherry-pick the
information in favor of one particular political party.
To "cherry-pick" means...
a. to choose only specific items (the best parts) and ignore the rest
b. have a positive attitude
c. write about very recent events without considering the history
8. My friends went to the art museum, but I decided to come to the beach instead.
Contemplating paintings for hours is not really my cup of tea.
If something is "not your cup of tea,"...
a. it makes your stomach hurt
b. you've never done it before
c. you don't like it very much
9. I was sick and couldn't go to the party. Don't rub salt in the wound by telling me how great it was.
To "rub salt in the wound" means...
a. to talk too much about one topic
b. to make a sad person feel even worse
c. to help a sick person feel better
10. My 3-year-old daughter already knows how to use the computer. She's one sharp cookie!
Describing someone as a "sharp cookie" means the person is...
a. Enthusiastic
b. Intelligent
c. very young
11. Did you hear about the grandmother who chased a robber out of her house with a kitchen knife?
What a tough cookie!
Describing someone as a "tough cookie" means the person is...
a. courageous and strong
b. aggressive and violent
c. crazy
~8~
12. That math test was a piece of cake. I didn't even study and I bet I got every question
right.
If something is "a piece of cake," it means...
a. it's very easy
b. it's enjoyable
c. it's delicious
13. Diana kept pressuring Bill to tell her how much he paid for the engagement ring, but he
refused to spill the beans.
To "spill the beans" means...
a. to buy something
b. to reveal secret information
c. to help someone understand
14. Our company needs to pay back a loan from the bank, but business has been slow. If we
don't get more customers by the end of the year, we'll really be in a pickle.
Being "in a pickle" means...
a. being in a difficult situation
b. earning no money
c. not having a good future
15. That book was written 50 years ago, but it's still very applicable today. You should read
it - it definitely provides some food for thought.
"Food for thought" is...
a. historical data
b. information worth considering
c. strong evidence