Colonisation and contact “Theseventeonth century saw the beginning of ‘he Age of Imperialism, This was driven bythe esire f Europeans ofnd wealth and to spread their influence over ether pars of the wor [Imperialism the bel that powerful nations areonbed to conquer new tervitories im order to bid an empire. This was often achieved through the invasion of lands Sree ooeupied by other peoples. Colonsation occurs when an area istaken ‘way from tsorginel people and hen ihabiced | by foreign eters Contact refers tothe fit ‘ehcounters between thee soter and indigenous peoples. Contact with Europeans ad sgifican impacts ligenous peoples Many were disposessed oftheir lands, led by new diseases and fontor onli, end forced to atislte to European ‘ways. Indigenous peoples who bave experienced ‘colonization ar referred tos the First Nations ofthe regions they rst inhabited. OMEN Feet of ungar a s of ow South les wth For Macs Sry Harbour in holed elpnting by Aes Be (78-163, 128, Nao Mary of usa, Canbena iam att tee ‘thi a a i Ga pen 00 Tnalperie eit dons ae eat ‘ie Geka See yy trot 110 Degeing ees einem Sad stung au at Aegina saree sang aa Nat Cost nsaoin Now Bath Me 1100 nt pat en to Nety ‘ho nna het enna namo x ‘ener tart ine ete anessie boy owen se nae Cc ao a (BEMERERD tno otcsncston snd ease,our 12H The Plains Indians of North America ‘The Great Plains Before the arcvl of Buropeans, people bad occupied the Great Plain of ert America for out 20000 years, The Gest Plains ate inthe fenit of North Amerie, beeen the Rocky evans inthe west and ce Mississippi River Inthe east. Covering more chan one quarter of the cantnent, ee Great Plains consist of vee ‘53 milion aquere lomotes of wide open pire, graslands, hills and desert. These were The latwress of Norh America tobe colonised by people of European origins. [ERRERERRY Kate Asian bes of th Great Pans cloak Ames BE econ tary tenssuies Features of Plains Indians culture {Great Paine tes had their own lgungsand culture but also shared many salaries. For the tubes of dhe Groat Ping these shared clrral Features inched: + alack ofagrcaiure + rellaee on bata herds + snomadie iesyle {the use of horses for teesport, buntingand warfare «rel sete made up of hans (extended families orelans) + prastce of the Sn Dance sta ‘tere eet ae, eres cut rience ee toe Sonnet How Ps aoe weed altars fhe to Importance of the buttalo Pains Indian were nomadic duc to the suitable ‘condition for fering on dhe Grea Pains. Regular ‘reah dust store and fost meat hat hey tyre ently ependenton dhe hula fr Food, ‘Tdter and cloching. A mstaro buffalo cou boas tallas2 metres ond weigh up to 1000 klograms Buffalo herds could mumber as many as one nllon, There were more than enough to provide ‘he Phin Indians with everthing they needed. 3s the seasons changed, bilo herds lowed the wartuer weather Dy wintertime, «Plans Family could ne longer wel duce heary snow fe was thovefore important that hey Tad all ofthe esoutecs needed a serve unt the Duffle returned in spring Use of horses The Spanish introduced horsea co Noreh metia nthe late sixteenth century. Inially, Plain tribes in New Mexico bought lorsiole them. By 1750, most bes of the Southern Plans were using horses. The horse revolutionised transport ad huntag forthe Plaine india, Net only was ravel made easier and quicker, Duc horses also made it easier to Catch and hil Bafta, They wore sso sed to gree effec in bale Sox warriors were renowned tor their aevobouis we riding, border to aid eneuny arrows or pears = ‘Tribal structure ‘A Pain ibe consist of numberof bands ‘Aband was an ext Fail soup that travelled, ved and hunted gets. Any ven time, band could consist of Beeween en nd Silty iemlies, each wth sown tp, Oncea yeas, all he bande the tite wool cmp coger at {poor Aeris cap could consis of up te [500 tpi. Tribes were iyprtant for coordinating warfare and chil payed the imporcant ole of notion and arnyy lender chil was dherefore ‘chosen for his bravery and wisdom. The largest fof the Pain tribes waethe Siow, who numbered shou 25000 Remembering and understanding 11 Dezerlbe the areaet Roth Amoi fst aompie by Plats ins. 2. Outine the eeasons forte Pas Indans? nomadic lest, Apniying and anaissing 2 Greatoa concepiman te: expats the Importance the bul 6 tho alas Jasonsour 12.3 FI\G The life of Sitting Bull Early years ‘Siting Bl was born in South Dakota in 1831, {nto the Hurpapa Lakota tre, which was ptt ofthe greater Sioux nation, Asa did his mame ‘eas Jumping Badger, but by age Fourteen he Jha ile his firs buffalo and fom hae ine ‘onvrards took on his fthor name of Siting Bul, By theme he was eighteen he had fought in is Sirs bate against dhe Grow poopie. The Crow were onvof te ew Plains tobes who became lies wih white colrists, (REENBART 4 potato Sng Bal Fighting the white man Inune 186, Sing Bll helped defend his people agninst attacks from US soldies. Ac this tic, increasing numbers of seers were moving onto Sioux lands, BE resontitony news ns ‘Within five years, Siting Ball oned in the war led by oxe ofthe Sioux leaders, Red Cloud, by “organising attacks ons number of American fort. This war ended i 1868 wich ae signing ofthe Teeny of Fort Laraai, which established ‘vase sea of land know es the Great Sioux Reservation. No white person was persed to senle there ‘Tho Great Sioux War ‘The Black Hills gold rash ‘The discovery of godin the Black Hil in 187, however, saw the real of hundreds of miners ‘nd setters This broke te promise made by ‘he US government When to give up the ‘lack Hill and move oneo a smaller reservation, ‘Siting Bul refed wo do. This decison would erentaly lead to war wid dhe US orm. Sitting Bull's vision By nom Siting ull bac become the spiritual sind pocal leader of the entre Sioux nation. Ta Merch 176 he alo gathered Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho peoples at Rosebud Creek, where ‘hey caraped and lived their adiionl way of life ‘Atnuge Sum Danco was hel, in which Siig Bull, ‘wassaid tobe danced eonsnuoasl for tie Inoue. He alo slashed his rms 100 times so de the Great Spire would look ovourably upon his requests ot hep, After, Siting Bal spake of Ii vision in which he saw US soldier fling from the shy int is camp ike grasshopper. ‘The Battle of Little Bighorn Within weeks, Siting Bull's camp had grown about 10000 and moved to the valley ofthe Likle Bighorn River, The was possibly the largest cver ‘gthering of Plains Fnians and was sen bythe US governmencasa hose ex. (025 June 1976, the US 7th Caley Regiment ted by George Cister attacked the camp. They were me by 2000 warrior led by Crazy Horse tho ought Cutters men an the Fdge above the inl Bighora River Siting Bull who was 29 Jonge a young man, remsincd tthe camp © help protect the women and cilrea. Hopelessly outnumbered, Guster and 260 solders were Billed ese than eine minutes. The Bote of ite Bighorn ws Ue greatest victory of Naive ‘American against the US arny ever Sitting Bull's decline ‘Surrender and arrest ‘After dir embarrssing defeat atte Bighorn, the US government sent more woop to regtin ‘control of the ervitory. Sil refasingco return to taereservation, Siting Bull ed with band bof Lakota co Canada, After struggling to survive here for ovo yet in 1881 he reurmed home to surrender Porte nex evo years he washed asa prisoner of war on the Standing Rock reservation a North end South Dakota Last years ‘1885, Sing Bull became traveling performer in Buffalo Bil Coys Wild West Show. Fe wes ped 50 dolarsa week agpearin his, ative headdress, but soon came wresen the hatred shown eo him bythe audience. = gj vag ary int Icouing be Bato ‘fleet, 9 own es Cuetec and 11888 he joined the Glost Dance movernent, which believed thai enough poop performed theGhost Dance, the buifalo would came Back land the white man woul leave, This movement igrewso large that oel azhorles believed ho iting Ball was planing a ebelon. [Rtsoop a forty Native American police were ‘ent apprehend him, “he confeantrion soon ‘alate into violence and Sting Bul was shot ‘nd Killed on 15 Decomer 1590 | Remembering and uederstanding | Boplain eh impact the cecowayof gold ‘ntho Black il, 2 a What waste Giost Danco movement? 2 Why aid the oou ethos ear tic movement? | Applying and analysing 3 Cieateefow chatthatoutines te ky vent in Sting Bus Ma i 44 Use your anwar te Question 2to hep you | wetean obiary fr Sing Bl tut makes | an asisoment of hi actevemonts and ‘vero nisicalippoance. ‘chapter 12 Caetston and ectaceour 12.4 The British colonisation of Australia Population before British settlement 178, eis estimated that tere were approximately 500000 indigenons pele from tore than 30 different tribes and 250 language _gtoups.on the Ansralian coninene Those tial ‘ows ind boen here frat east 40000 years ‘Aboriginal people survived dhe harsh Ausra ‘environment fr ehis length of ime by adapings and managing their environment. Knowledge and respect force enviroment was val for survival, Df these sem-nomadichuncers and gare. [Archocological evidence today sugges that Indigenous people were far more productive in her land sage ean was fist chough by European seers. BO re onnstorrneesoantiens ‘The Aboriginal relationship toland ‘the Dreaming Indigenous Australians derive tei identity, culture and spirituality fom the lan. ‘This ean beeen shrough the cretion tories from the Dreaming, which form the boss ‘of heir aw andvcigiows belie: Much of the Deaning lone (tories to explain dings) consists ‘of accounts of haw ancestel spirits created the ‘many differen Informs, plants and animals Tris important co understand that, for Aborigiaal people he Dreaming ioc justa sex of myths ‘om the dstan past Rater it continues today an connects the pas with the present. oan ‘peloton of ‘Absa ad ‘eres St ‘romsin asta eae eh elem ‘may country" Aboigial people were semi-nomadic Tis ‘ics hat dey moved From place to place within anatea define by lakes, rverssnd mountains. ‘As communal sackets, Aboriginal people bad no ‘eonept of private einer that excloded hers fiom tng te land. Mest Aboriginal people refered to thelr tial lands 35 "my coun. ‘The British concept of landownership “The spread of empire Throaghout de eighteenth contury, British clonisorsveeagnsed three ways of aequring eve eriory for dir empire Sy winning a war of conquee and yoting the land by treaty + hy purchasing om indigenous peoples oF other empires + by decaing ito be omer. The oa ile ven osc ind was torr malls, ‘Terra nullins While the former Bitch colonies in North ‘Ametia expanded trough conquest, eates ‘and purchase, Australia was considered ters dull This simply ignored tho fact that howe ‘were people alrendy on the Australian continent ‘fore dhe serival of Ue Bish, When Capeain James Oook explored the east coast of Autralia between 1768 sd 177, he btieved data weaty with che local ihabitams was unaccesary. EEE fount of Ansan api by ‘Aen Tabmge, pote in 807, Sue Ua of New Sous yey (0028 Janvary 1988, wae was he bicertenry of whe srbement in Astral, Aboriginal sect Burma Burman cine owaetstp of gia. Med hs by plaaung an Abana fag on top of wate dis of Dove “This wae becaute dhey ware so ew in nomber and showed no sg of ldoveership such 38 agricultural crops once livestock or permanent owes. Claiming ‘ownership (On 7 Pobruary 1788 fer the asival of che Fist Fleet, Gvernoe Arthur Philip formalise the British colonisation of autcalin with a fag raising ceremony a Sydney Cove. Such syenbols twere anpoteant tothe Bish as chey proved” ‘ownership ofthe Inn. Land grant given to new Seuclers by Governor Philip aed to consider that Aboriginal peopled occupied hat and for generations. Son fenees were erected, animals putt pasture and houses bail Remembering and unterstanding 1 Define mo foowing es: Dreamin somlacmac coe mulls. What coos Doaming re revel about Abougral cnneccons to ie lan? Way di Captain Crechelioe that testy wth Ausua's ona inbantans was sunecossary? Applying and analysing 4 Examine Sour 1242. what ways 5 ees thie show tho Bish wow ct Jandownetip? Ine enn diegram, compare and coats ‘Aboiginal end Bish omcepts of Tandownorti. copter 2 coveistinandcaace EY |ow 12.5 [\y Contact between the British and Aboriginal people Early contact ‘First encountors with the Gadigal Governor Arthur Philip, coger to estas {god relations wit dhe Cadigal people ofthe ‘Sydney Cove are, insisted that every effort be ‘made to communicate wich chem. Within days, ‘soles sailors had begun interacting with he Gadigal, some even swapping small tens for Toca souvenirs such a spears and boomerang. ‘With many crew due o reurm bome inthe coming months, iewas believed that indigenous frtefacs would be worth a considerable amount ff money in gland s the sailors often ste items a wel. Te practes continued even well, after Governor Philip ordered an end tt ‘Competition for food ‘After several wees, had become obvious tothe Gadigat hat the white ghost had noinveaton ofleving, Their seit had placed amor san ‘om the fond supply ofthe For Jason area, ‘nich had to cape with a stden doubling oF ‘ts populaon The Gag poope wee dened sect to thir freshwater soureas and thet fishing harbours were depleed by dhe Bish. These 3c slong with dhe thee of tek cos an canoes, le {ovetalitng valence beeen the tw groups Dispossession “Thetakingof indigenous lend without any ‘pro agreement a compensstion i refer co 1 dispossession, riven off thelr and, many ‘Aboriginal peopl were confined to areas that ‘etre had no we fr Unable to reien ‘heir bunting yroveds, many Aboriginal people bowame dependent on setiementsf food Disconnected from the land of thei ancestors, ‘Aboriginal pople experienced a deep sense oF loss Asa result many als took drinking rum. Bel resonnsterynewsoamnts Disease Within fourteen months ofthe arial of the Fst. let, he Gaia had ben vrzally wiped out by disease thought athe time toe smallpes. ‘By 1791, only three Gada people were Ife alve, Responses to contact ‘Aboriginal resistance: Pemuluray nate 1790,» group of Aboriginal people led by Pemlway speared Governor Philip's ‘chief untsman, Joba Mfelneyre. Melniyre’s ‘hooting had cared many native animals tray from tir trdional homting grounds Femuly pereueded othr clans join his suacks on now white veuloments arcund Perramats. Although he was shot several tines, Pomulvuy managed to surveil 1802, when iy lilled. Governor Palip King BEREREERY A cegring bined tobe depen ‘Fem lm nes Grn, Nera a yagect ‘Danan See aber ol New Seu Wal, eney Frontier conflict, ‘The Wiradjuri war ‘After he fs croning ofthe Blue Mourtains In 1315, was not long before seters had ‘ean driving dhe Wiradjuri people off heir land. In March 1824, bands of WiradjriTed by Windraayne began sealing fod fom Tarss oo the outst of the new setllement at Bathurst Viner seven severe vere killed, Governor ‘Thomas Brisbane dared maria law Thisled euler and sldies eo belewe that they could {ake whatever action was ncsseryto protect {hemesivas and their property. Any Aboriginal people seen around the aeas of white setiement ‘wore shot and killed. The lings continued for ‘several months droughout che Bathurst region, ‘with a dead tal of over 100 Wirajur. ‘The best thing that can be done i 10 shoot ll he Black and manure the greed vith their creases. (EEETEREE Was Co. aowoor in 124 quot {in le, Bld on tbo We le eld, 2003 EEREOREEED Pir bxwen ‘aetiseh ounes whes, ‘xgavngby Sane Cae. (in-t tte tay oto Sean ite, enor ‘Tho Myall Creek massacre (0 70 Jame 1838, a grou of conses and ‘ecconvicte rode ono ths callestation at Myall (hesknnorthern New South Wales, searching for Aboriginal poop suspected of having Hed avhite shepherd Sensing rouble twenty-eight ‘orginal poople lef ir ear on the station Sor dhe safety of the rnnager's st lstead af fnding safer however, they were td vgother and led 0 ‘ancarby eee whore toy were massaced ret bbyipnahot and then oseve ules, by sword ‘Amongdbe veins were od men and women wide Dables wrapped in posi shins. Fe ACTIVITIES ama Remembering and understanding J 4. ist tne impucts othe nivel ofthe Fit ‘let cn the Gail peopo ofthe Syney Cove aes. 2 Why dd Pemulwny begin tacking waite | seedemouts? 3 Hofer to Souce 1268: How aidecters || azound Batts vow tho Wau people? | Applying ana analysing | 4. deste te adaagesandceaanioes | * Reo epi have ed | font eonit wnt (Chapter #2 Cleintion ancorawut 12.6 ‘The smallpox outbreak In 179, abouts year aftr the arrival ofthe Fst, lee many Aboriginal oople around Sydney Cove began dying of whet was choaght 1 Be ‘mualpox. The sccouats of Brith colonists atthe fEmeshow that mort were upset and perplexed by fhe outbreak of the divease. Noone quits knew ‘who or what wae the ease An extraordinary eam was now observed ‘among the navies. Repeated accounts Trough by ow boas of finding bodies of the Indians in all she coves and nls of the harbour On inspretion, i appeared dae all the pares had did a navural death: puseuls, sinar cosas occasioned by she ESnalipax, were hickly spreal onthe Boies. REEEENEERY psn en Tene wating i Jounal on te snap aidan Seo Cov 182 From A Cult Arco oho seen 6 a ‘kaon no Seth es tied 1785 Leb, OK First Fleet Absence of symptoms ‘Governor Arti Philip believed thot smallpox isd come from two French ships that arrived in Botany Bay soveral daysater the First Fleet. This ‘was because: doctors had checked thet no one on the Piet Flot bad smalipox + ayearafter Gel arial, none of theses Aisplayed any syzaptoms + one af the setters contracted the disase ringshe outireak. BB re2sson history new Sout es Ss The smallpox mystery ‘The varlolous matter Several bots containing skin niece with ‘sralpox Qowa a varielows mater) vere ‘brought onthe Fits Fleet, These were tobe used toinocufate tho next generation of children fgsinet the disease and were kept under lock and key the sexderen’s supply store. Howes in March 1289 sic marines were hanged for making canunteret keys to the wore and stealing foo. "The pesility exes that the bots of varclous matter could have been opened aceidenly. (EGREERMN A nwtore-contany pining showing 8 Yung Cl sng nooo spur nos Leis tree that our surgeons had brough su arolous mater i owes, bute infer that is he smallpox outbreck wes produced frm this case was supposition so wild as to be saserty of consideration BIEEERER Fron Cone ccm ftde ‘Stents Po Jus New South We. Copa ton Teash 798 London. OK Other theories ‘Macassan traders Iwas dhought by come that smallpox came {co noctheen Australia from Macassan waders Inthe Indonesian echipalago, whe arrived in larger nambors during the eighteenth conary. ‘Supporters ofthis thoory veoh Following arguments 2 Theres no evidence that anyone on the Fest leethod smallpox. + Hot emperaites daring dhe long voyage from England Australia would have killed the various matter that uaveled withthe Fist Hee, + Smallpox was spree from northern to sowrhern Australia via a sees of inverconnected wade route. Chickenpox, not smallpox Dr ohn Carmedy from the School of Medical Sciences atthe Universicy of Syiney has argued Aha the disease refered toa alps inthe primary sources wn in fat chickenpox. Hs estore for believing this: FRsingle case of smallpox among de senders ‘would eve quik spread to 2 lest ity others. + Notone primary sourco mentions such an coetbrask among the ster, ([EEEEIED A nace ste fsrapo, petgrapt tena 861 + Those win refered to'rnalpor at he time Dobby didnot krow abouc chickenpes. + Chickenpox was just a deadly ro Aboriginal propleas smallpox. Europeans, however, weze + Chickeoporis caused bythe same virus as shingles Shingles sbowght on by stress, ‘which many of the convicts were under + Aboriginal people andeonviets often came es ‘TheWiald Healt Omanzation dedared on May 190 thx smalpoc analy been tacleted Ti was afte global cndaton ‘eampolgn, which tare in 196, En ‘Remembering and understanding 41 Refer to Soto 1261 2 List the ings reported by Wat ‘Toneh, Dogs he show ni tite towards the ovens is desing? How? 2 Using Source 126 ane the information in this wi, xplin why bottles of vaneless ator wor tan on board tho Pst lt, Applying and analysing 3 Imgine tet you a a forensic scent who bas uavelled Eackin tine to Sydney Coven 1758 natmissing evidence would yo ook for to datemine tow the smallpox tpsemie began? Who woul you quosien 8 wnsoos and what would you asc then? 4 Ofal the thors econ nist, ‘whlch do yo und hes coun fo ths avaiable evidencs ustiy your anwar ing ‘wottensepasion at Erodes reasons oc nd aginst each o the ain tees, 0s ‘well as yout own omnis, ‘ehoptr 12 Canesten aed onaetuw 12.7 Bennelong’s experience of contact Early life Bennelong wat membor of due Wanghal ibe, swho were Hoa speakars from the area west of ‘Sydney Coven 1788, when the First Fee arived, Inewes approximately 24 yor old. His name scans greta was seid thot Bennelong ‘oul spear tenty or more in single hunt Bennelong's first contact with the Bi Bennelong's capture In November 1789, British sailors kidnapped ennelong end his fiend Colbec. This was on the ‘orders of Governor Arthus Philip, who was eager to tablish communication wih the Aboriginal people Within week, however, Colbec lsd ‘ccped by eating thevugh he chtn of his goa. Nata sary otaustan, Cnbora GB emmonrictr nen sean ane ‘Bonnelong's captivity ‘tft, Bennelang enjoyed is fin capt Governor Philip teaed hrm wel by offering him ‘new foods and aleahol. Within weeks Bennelong ‘ims abe to provide important information about bis people, the local aa and che native wie Since he showed na desive to escape, Benelong’s legirons were eventually removed. Whilein Phils household, Benelorg amused the seevante with his ability o mimic thom and show offs pear shroring sl (BSUENENAA A ccc dat fn our of Willa adey ted Taking ef Cates and Belong 25 Novaner 1789 rod.od i 182 Sate Libey Non outa Syaney Escape and retamn ‘Aviolent encounter ennelong etayod with Governor Philip for about fSvomonths before he docide tortura to his ‘own people. Philip was great disappointed fand spent months trying to find him. Bvensally, Bennelong wes sighted feating on whale meat ‘on Manly beach with other Wanghal. Two days lates, he was reunitod widh Pillip at Manly. The meeting ended sbrupdy, howeves when another ‘warrior spared Philip through dhe shoulder. Beanna aud Dooroow Governor Philp was no: seriously wounded ‘nd recovered shorlyaftereards Eager to ehow ‘Benaelong that hel valued thai elaonship, ‘a becvily bandage Philip visited Bennelongo invithim to Government House ‘Wit hi elaonship co Philp restored, Bennelong decided to return to the stencent ‘olive: Hebogan wearing English lothes and hoppy splayed the manners required of sn English gentleman. He oven came call Philip Seam, aterm used to efor to aman who cated for children that were noth owa, Inreturn Philp called Benneloag Door, caning son. Bennelong became regular dinner guest 3 Government House. a ‘Benselons vod inside a amall ick hut bu oe dum by Govemor Pip, Tis we ected cn tho ott teria today tho tof he Senoy Opera “House Tha land sealed Bannalorg Pest. ‘Time in England (On 11 Decenbor 1792, Phillip et ail or England, ‘aking Bernelong and another Aboriginal man, Imeeravanges, with him, Aftera nine-month seyage they arved before winter. The Aboriginal tmen hadmever experienced such cold and within 2 month Imeerawanye had died af preamenla BEEEEEIA A patito deaolng in rt a, ‘evel bay of aus, Carbo Bennolong spent neany thre years in ‘ngland. Ate, be loved English fe and Tearne to box and fe sate. He ao took up smoking ‘and drinking, People wore faslnated to mect ‘this tovage’ fom o far avay and Benaclong eas even induced to Kg George IL Despite ‘vih ifestle,Bennelorg alo contratied pcumonin snd evenualr became so homesick {hate decided o reser home Bennelong’s decline nbs rewen to Spey it 1795, Bennelong uo Jonger fet soase of belonging othe Wangha Many shunned him for rejcting ier ribal ta and culture. Thieme Bennelong depressed and Fhe began to drink heal. Serer also grew wary fim, a8 he often eurned violent very quick. yenlly he decided 1 turn tothe bash, ‘wherein 1813 he was intial Sight enelong died on Sunday morning ls asng Pon. Of this eran champion of ‘he mae ibe dle frabl con Be std. is vege to, end Bente reat in Great Britain produced no hge wharier Sn his manners and incneios which were array bravo and fri. 1 1/1 Deore how Bennecngsrebionship | with Goveror Pate developed. | Applying and anatytzg | 2 creme dow chart at cutines the kay | | evens in Bennolongse. ‘3 Tee setd tht Bannelng fl tom between | two curs. Bear why I | We aliferentobstanry fr Rennelong ta the enefn os 1274 Consider whe should bo considered an imporan ren | caly Austin setornistoy, ‘chapter 2 caenoaon ane oatactour 12.8 PTY Government policies towards @ Aboriginal people to 1900 Early policy Peaceful intentions Before the depattare ofthe First Plc, King (Georg If of Englund sued theseinstructions to ‘Anuar Pili governor ofthe new colony: You are to endeavour by every possible ean open on trercourse wid the rarives and wo conclate thet affections, enjoining al our subjects tle in amity Gand Kindness with thom. And ony of ou subjects shall wantonly destroy them, oF _Bve them any ennosssry intrrapion it ‘the exrcize oftheir ovorel occupations, it ‘Sour will and pleasure hat you do case such offenders fe browghe # punishment leccording othe degree of the ofonce. ng Gace tar Pati, Dae [EIEEEEEEA A took by Gosroy Cane taney es oure Pets ae Backs pcan Uiperarecre a Wire Cee as faved ous Sphiouse Cre, on Sou Wb 168, ‘hun Wt Mana Canbea Frontier reality ‘As white setilement spread from Syaney Cove, frontier violence hesveen the Beis and ‘Aboriginal people was inevitable, Aboriginal people often tole Livestock and ae hes tacked eaters, who had driven chem off he wacton Tange In most ase, serers who murdered ‘Aboriginal people were acesed. Hoxtever thelr Sentences ere very ght or authors padoned Ahem because they were seen tobe simply (elending thee propery, Frontier maseacres ‘etch a thoes a Redon Cove, Teta, in 1804; Badhurs, New South Wales, in 1824; ad Pinjara, ‘Western Aurelie in 1824, al went unpnished Tes noc uni che Myal Creek massacre in 1838 that white colonists were hanged for Eling Aboriginal people ‘The policy of protection ‘The Native Institution at Parramatta In 1814, Governor Lachlan Macquarie establshodt ‘he Native station a Parramaia This was the {st mission schoo! for Aborigival children. Here ‘hey were aught English and were insiruced in (Chilsdanty. In order 1 ‘ilise chem, Aboriginal chilren were made to dress and behave 38. "Europeans. They also ad to lve a the istution sind were not allowed to return to he fais This proces of making indigenous people give vp tei radiional iene for Faropean ways is called asinlation ‘The Aborigines’ Protection Society Many peopleat the dmebelived that Aboriginal people were 2 dying race thot needed aking eare {¢ This view s known as paternalism In 1837.3 ‘group of Bits planthropss etaishad the ‘Aborigines’ Protection Society (APS) in Landon ‘They simod wo roma the welfare of indigenous people not jst in Autrla bu aleoin New ‘Zealand News America an the Pacific Iona. Deniers of te APS believed that Aboriginal people would sesally bene Fem being faloniged by an empire as rich and advanecd as ‘he Bets, The Aborigines Protection Society ‘wold come o playa major roles influencing, ‘lon government pais towards Aboriginal people Protection boards By 1900, the colonies oF Vora, New Sou isles, Queensland, South usta and Western ‘Ausra a ll establish Aboriginal Protection Boards Thescboards wereresponsible For the ‘wefae of Aboriginal eope dwoushour the ctlony. They exercise conbol ave their marrage, employment conc, movement and finances, ‘Aboriginal people came t depend onthe ‘preterm hoards fo food, dochng and blanks. {ater protection boards were response for he removtlofbalfcasteAborgival dren from their meters. This praca began after 1900 and antned wall into the 190s. Charen missions “Throughout the Asrlian colonies, churches and missionary eociotes wre caer to et up Inissions for Aheiginal people. These aimed co + convert Aboriginal poole wo Christianity * educate to give up cei rimicve! ‘iestyle and bozeme evlsed ‘+ remove them from the nfluenos oF lobo, prosiatin and poverty + improve that lives by fring food shelton, medicine and waning, issions provided food, helped keep fnily troupe together, and offered protection Fam fenemice and vale set. Howewa they alo ‘onrribueil tothe dexruaion of indigenous altura since traditional eaters ond language ‘were often forbidden. Government policy in Tasmania Frontier confiet In Tasmania which was scaled by the Bets 1803, cantace herween selers and Aboriginal people was far more violent than in he ther boonies. Tie was Bocas competition over smal andmass al 1 frequent attacks by Aboriginal people + arth ine, Tasmania wos the forehest ‘colony from New South Wales. Many sealers therefure es hat they were buyond the reach othe awe + govornment policies erosuagmd sctlers tovdeend their propery by pursing and steaekng Aboriginal people‘The Black War iy 1828, vileneo berween Aboriginal people and ‘white sctilee reached ner height. This was the Deginning of «period lnown asthe Black Wat jn Thsmania, On 19 Apel 1828, Googe Arthur, the Lieutenant Governor af Tt monis, divided {he ifand into setter and indigenous testis. Rather than eave tei Ian howeves, Aboriginal ‘warriors increased cher attacks on wie tevtemens. ‘Martial aw (On 1 November 1828, Arthur declared ms lave This ge soldiers the feadom to shoct ‘any Aboriginal person sen in er arowad the Selied areas, Scere vere aio encouraged to form search paris, 8 che governmen offered ‘bounty of 3 pounds for every Abovgial ‘ule capsared and 2 pounds fr every cil. i FEE) corner news tes From November 1828 oJenuary 1882, ding ‘the period of martial law, approsimately 250 ‘Aboriginal people and 90 seuers were Killed. ‘The Black Line ‘By 3830, Arthur hod devised a neve plan to drive the Aboriginal poople away fom che seted teas. This involved formingaline of armed ‘eters solersand conv co remove them From sted areas and drive them ino the wilderness area of the Tasman Peninsula. This ‘human chain was known as the Black Line. (0n 7 October 1830, the Black Linc began its ‘march, Iecmisised of 2000 sete, 700 convies ‘nd $00 goldiar, ina ehain dha suetched for 00 Kilemesres. By the time the Black Line reached its destination, only an old Aboriginal ‘manand a child had been captured. rrevmentn 130 Robinson's ‘friendly mission’ In Mareh 1828, Governor George Arthor appointed Goorge Augusts Robinson a5 Chief Protector of Aborigines for Teamanis, A the killing continued during the Black Way, Rebinson vted a nomber of Tasmanian tribes to plea ‘wih them to reset on FindorTelond. This "THoadly misiow would not have baer possible ‘without the help of Trugenini a young Aborigine] ‘woman who acted as Robinson's interpreter ‘and nogosstr. rugonini believed thatthe only ‘hope of survival for her people was reset on ‘lndexs Island, Over period of five years, about 300 Aberigial peopl agreed to surrender to the ‘Tosmmanian governmentand relocate there. In 1835, Robinson became superintendent (of new mision on Flinders island ellod ‘Wiybolenna He was convinced that by showing the Aboriginal people kindness, he could CChrisanise and cvs them, Despite his best fors,however, Wybelenna eveneally failed as Supplies ran low, many of te Aboriginal people became sick due co che poor climate, and others sulfered depression from being ay fom helt ‘adiional nds matanon pies Geage Augustus Rebewen a teottet op oTanetae Abn popls © 10 ‘Temansan Mum an A ery [EERE A pins y 6 Gay Tain sews Remembering andunderstanding 1 Datioethefoloving tems: ssiaton Sone Wolence pte, ari a Boe tine 2 Bolin th rssns why honter Wolance ceed in sta, deste the wsbs | ng Goro bo Soue 12083), ' 3. Devctbeiteatiocecrteabergoms’ | Protection Soi tow Abana fools. | Apptying and analysing ConsourraPdlbisbot te fist Caton micas on Abo peo Dass how greamont pati TRsmale dh he sek War conabuted ‘wong oer lens |wr 12.9 Women bridging worlds “Working witha pases spt and record onvetsudonboweenSocawes and Tragui ‘Sccjaea wars Native Ameria women fom the Shoshone group while Tagasin bonged toihe Neenonneta Tasmania. hough dey lived acres the world fom ane anexher Doth women weralive a abou te sme me. They {bo plnednaoreant roles sr medisters between theirown people and the white clones Develop your spt around dbeuson of the flowing ies eapeences and ection to fist coneat with cobolsers + postive and nepitve experiences of toto + heiiportance tothe exons they came io contact th {ox should ince dialogue been he 0 sone gues about the siaries a Aiferencasbenreen thelr experonces Fighting back! Working group of three to fous create chap fora css docurnentary called Fighting Back. Bach {group ahoald foe onthe ol of ane incigenous Feeder ighter thot rested she colonization of ii land Examples elude: PEARSON history New sou Wes Colonisation and contact ‘our clas documentary canbe produce in swatien orspaken frm and cold ase any othe Following mediasa website a digal mewie,a book ora podcast. Fes your eterch by looking for answers 0 the Tollowing questions sbout your feeder Egheer ‘2 Whore did hey fightback? 1b Why did they ght back? -¢ Howdid they ight back? {How acest was their reste? Lives today Write an exposition of teas 800 words hat ener cho follawing question: Explain how indigenous peoples Australie and [North Amerie aro sal feling the impact of ‘olessetion today. Focas our research on ssa: such a life ‘expectancy heal, education and income of Fngenous peoples in both Austealia and North ‘America today. Plan your exposion before ‘writing, Make sure ics sruccured wit the following features + anintrodacion that outtnes the ways indigenous peeples in Australia and [Nora America ar stil affeced day by colonisation + ody made up of series of paragraphs “These thould each expand on one ef the sues coullned inthe intodeion + Seoneluson that sums up dae similarities in thelives of indigenous peoples in Australia tnd North America today. Provide a bibtngraphy that acknowledges the sources of your information ron Jean pte Waeungten Pa ar, ‘repa.OBK Glossary ‘assimilate tomakeone groapbsome mare timer fo another ‘colonisation the permanant sttomont of land by foreigners contact tha fst encuntors hetoon eaters and inigenoes peorle ‘isplacement the menor of poole fem ‘holt and ad home lspossession the inking of someone ase’ land without agreement or compensation roaming aso of bles that form the basis ct Aboriginal spictaly Fst Nations indigenous groupe wo ‘compied a opin before colonisation ‘rontier_ tho edge oa new sottoment whore Imperialism the baie that powerful nations ate ented o enqur naw tontories inorder tobuldan empire ngewe to expose toa asease n oder to Dut immanisy Invasion miltary o-eupation ofa torstory Dolonging to otocs nomadic moving tom plae to placo rather ‘an emaiing im cre oestion| ‘patemalism an atttude thet eats ohers a6 ‘though they wore ctldren terra mulling legal term claming vat an 188 of and belongsto no ene pl a porahte wating or wnt varlolous matter snallpx-infctod sin (chapter 22 Gotanieason aoa catace a