FORENSIC

PHOTOGRAPHY
WORKBOOK
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MANUAL OBJECTIVES

At the end of every activity provided in thus manual, the students will be able to
attain the following objectives:

• Demonstrate attitudes and values essential in the practice of Police

Photography;
• Acquiring knowledge and skills in the conduct of police photography to
include processing and documenting the pharmacy, and presentation of
evidence in court;
• Display a familiarity with the different parts and accessories of camera;
• Explain the importance of police photography as applied in criminal
investigation.

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ACTIVITY 1
INTRODUCTION OF POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY

OVERVIEW:
Photography involves the creation of an image using light. It is an art or
process of production of images of objects by action of light on a sensitized
surface with the aid of an image-forming device known as camera and the
chemical process involved therein.
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to recognize the definition of photography.
PROCEDURE:
Write the definition of the following terms.

PHOTOGRAPHY

POLICE
PHOTOGRAPHY

FORENSIC
PHOTOGRAPHY

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REFLECTION:
What do you think is the importance of photography in police work? What
are the functions of it in relation to law enforcement?

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ACTIVITY 2
HISTORICAL EVENTS

OVERVIEW:
The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity and discovery by
many personalities or scientists with the principle of the Camera Obscura and
the observation that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light.
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to understand the birth of photography.
PROCEDURE:
Write the specific contributions of all the following personalities in the
boxes provided below.

NAMES: CONTRIBUTIONS

Hassan bin al
Haitham

Leonardo da Vinci

Girolamo Cardano

Daniele Barbaro

Johann Heinrich
Schulze

Joseph Nicephore
Niepce

Louis Jacques
Daguerre

William Henry Fox

Talbot

Sir John F.W Hershel

George Eastman

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REFLECTION:
Among the personalities mentioned, whom do you think really gave a big
contribution in Police Photography? Why?

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ACTIVITY 3
LIGHT

OVERVIEW:
Light is everything in photography. Light is necessary for a forensic
photographer in taking photographs. Everything in photography is dependent to
the ambient light to expose the sensitized materials.
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to understand the indispensable role of light in
the field of photography.
PROCEDURE:
I. Give some sources of Natural and Artificial Light.

NATURAL LIGHT

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

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II. Label the parts of the Wave Theory by Dr. Huygens.

(1)

(2)

(3) (4)

(5) Number of waves per one second is called:

III. Illustrate the characteristics of light.

REFLECTED

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ABSORBED

TRANSMITTED

REFLECTION:
Explain the importance of light in photography.

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ACTIVITY 4
PARTS OF THE CAMERA

OVERVIEW:
A camera by the most basic definition captures still photographs or video,
either on film or digitally. It is very hard to have an accurate and faithful
representation of evidence as if you cannot understand the medium being used
for the preservation and documentation of events or evidence. Photos and videos
taken with cameras are used to communicate or tell stories; it helps a person to
understand the story of a person, place, or an event.
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to identify and demonstrate the different parts
and functions of the camera.
PROCEDURE:
I. Draw a SLR camera (both front and the back) on Box B. Label the
parts of the camera by referring to Box A.

BOX A

A. Light Tight Box K. Focal Length

B. Lens L. Film Rail
C. Aperture Ring M. Tripod Socket
D. Film Sprocket N. Shutter
E. Focusing Ring O. Shutter Speed Scale
F. Shutter Release Button P. Film Rewind Knob
G. Viewfinder
H. Film Advance Lever
I. Hot Shoe
J. Film Take-Up Spool

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BOX B
(Front of the Camera)

(Back of the Camera)

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II. Indicate the specific functions of the various parts of camera.

PARTS OF THE
FUNCTIONS
CAMERA

Light Tight Box

Lens

Viewfinder

Shutter

Shutter speed
scale
Shutter release
button

Film advance lever

Focusing ring

Focal length

Film rewind knob

Film take-up spool

Aperture ring

Hot shoe

Film sprocket

Film rail

Tripod socket

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REFLECTION:
Write your comments or observations of the activity that you have just
performed.

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ACTIVITY 5
TYPES OF CAMERA

OVERVIEW:
A camera is a photographic apparatus with various types which helps the
photographer attain a desirable image of an object.
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to determine the advantages and disadvantages
of the common and major types of camera.
PROCEDURE:
Write the advantages and disadvantages of the types of camera provided
below.

TYPES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Box Type Camera

Folding Camera

Press Camera

Miniature Camera

Digital SLR

Viewfinder Type

Single Lens Reflex Type

Twin Lens/Double Lens

Reflex Type

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REFLECTION:
With all the advantages and disadvantages of each type of camera, write
and article on which camera do you think is more effective for police
photography.

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ACTIVITY 6
CAMERA ACCESSORIES

OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to identify the different accessories of the
camera and its functions.
PROCEDURE:
Identify what camera accessories are the image below. Write the different
functions/purposes of each.
KEYWORDS:
Tripod Filter Extension Tube Light meter
Shutter Release Flash Unit Lens Hood

CAMERA
IMAGE FUNCTION
ACCESSORY

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REFLECTION:
How does these camera accessories help in producing quality image?

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ACTIVITY 7
CAMERA LENSES

OVERVIEW:
Lenses are vital in taking photographs. A good lens is necessary to avoid
aberration and to have accurate photographs. The quality of the lens, the
maximum size of the aperture and other characteristics are to be considered.
Lenses dictate what type of photographs you can take.
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to determine the advantages and disadvantages
of the different camera lenses.
PROCEDURE:
I. Write the advantages and disadvantages of using the types of
camera lenses provided below.

TYPES OF CAMERA
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
LENSES

Wide-angle Lens

Normal Lens

Telephoto Lens

Zoom Lens

Macro Lens

Micro Lens

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II. Give the type of lens necessary to correct the following defects and
aberrations of lenses.

LENS DEFECTS AND ABERRATIONS CORRECTION LENS

1. Chromatic Aberration
2. Spherical Aberration
3. Distortion
4. Astigmatism
5. Coma
6. Curvature of Field

REFFLECTION:
Write a short article on what you have learned about the various defects
and aberrations of lenses and how they are corrected using another type of lens.

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ACTIVITY 8
TYPES OF FILM

OVERVIEW:
Films are classified according to their sensitivity. The sensitivity of the
films will indicate the specific situations where these films will be utilized.
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to learn the different types of films according to
sensitivity. Moreover, students will understand the uses of the different types and
films.
PROCEDURE:
Complete the table below by giving the uses of the different types of films
listed below.

TYPES OF FILM USES/FUNCTIONS

Fast Films

Medium-speed Films

Slow Films

REFLECTION:
What are the benefits of having different types of film? Explain.

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ACTIVITY 9
LOADING AND UNLOADING OF FILM

OVERVIEW:
With proper loading and unloading of the film, one can make few mistakes
and mess up or lose images. The major causes of premature rewind and film-
loading and camera-operating mishaps.
OBJECTIVES:
• The students will be able to learn how to load and unload the film
properly to the camera.
• The students will be able to demonstrate the loading and unloading
of film to/from the camera.
MATERIALS:

Camera and Negatives/Exposed Films

PROCEDURE:

LOADING:

• Open the back of your 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera by lifting the
top of the film rewind knob.
• Insert the film canister into the left side of the camera back or the film
storage. Once inserted, push the film rewind dial down to lock the film
canister into place.
• Pull a small amount of film from the canister, across the camera back, and
insert the film tongue into a slot on the film take-up spool reel.
• When the film is in place of the take-up spool reel, advance the film using
the advance film lever. If the film has started to wind around the take-up
spool reel, close the back of your camera.
• With the camera back closed, release the shutter and continue advancing
the film advance lever until the indicator reads frame 1.

UNLOADING:

• Locate a small button on the bottom of the camera. This button releases
the film take-up spool and allows you to rewind the film.

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• If you do not push this button and begin rewinding the film you will feel a
lot of tension, and if you push too hard you may break the camera or rip
your film – make sure that the button is always pushed.
• Lift the small lever of the film rewind knob on the single-lens reflex (SLR)
camera.
• Turn the lever in a clockwise motion. You will feel some tension as the film
rewinds.
• Continue turning the lever until you feel a dramatic change in tension, or
you may hear a small clicking noise.
• Open the back of the 35mm film camera by pulling the film rewind knob
using the film rewind crank up. The film can now be removed and
developed.

REFLECTION:

Were you able to load and unload the film correctly? Why should you
ensure that films are loaded and unloaded properly?

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ACTIVITY 10
REELING PROCEDURE

OBJECTIVES:
The student will be able to learn the technique of reeling without any part
of the film touching each other.
MATERIALS:
Daylight developing tank Developing reel
Negative/ Exposed film Pliers/Can opener
PROCEDURE:

1. Unload the exposed film from the camera.

2. Take out the film from the cartridge by prying or snapping the cap
opposite the end where the long spook core protrudes. (If you can’t
take out the film, use pliers or can opener to open the canister.)
3. To load in a metal, spiral reel, hold the film with the emulsion side
loosely in one hand.
4. Engage the film in the center clip or on to the hook of the reel.
5. Slightly squeeze the film while passing between your thumb and
forefinger so that narrows just enough to fit in the reel.
6. Turn the reel with the other hand to pull the film on the reel.
7. Do not apply excessive pressure with the hand holding and
squeezing the film. Let the film pass freely. It will strengthen out to
full of the spiral space of the reel.
8. Draw the materials on the boxes below provided at the next page.

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DEVELOPING REEL

DAYLIGHT DEVELOPING TANK

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REFLECTION:
Write your experience during the conduct of reeling procedure. What are
the things that you think you failed to perform?

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ACTIVITY 11
FILM PROCESSING

OBJECTIVES:
The student will be able to learn and apply how to develop a photograph
through the technique of reeling or tray method.
MATERIALS:
Film Developing Reel Water
Gloves Tray Measuring cup
Daylight Developing solution Funnel
Developing Tank Fixer Solution Plastic Gallon (4pcs)

PROCEDURE:
• Prepare all the materials and chemicals needed.
• Pour the content of the Universal Film and Paper Developer
(ATLAS) into 3 quarts of warm water (100°F) while stirring with
sufficient agitation to keep the chemicals suspended. (You can also
use the D-76 and Dektol chemical)
• Add water to make 1 gallon.
• Pour the content of the Acid Fixer (ATLAS) slowly with continual
stirring, into 3 liters of water not hotter that (80°F). When the
powder is completely dissolved, add water to make 1 gallon of
working solution.
• Continue stirring until all chemicals are completely dissolved and a
uniform solution is obtained.
• Dilute 1 part stock solution with 2 parts of water / 1 part stock
solution with 1 part of water / pure developing stock solution (it will
sometimes vary)
• Unload the film to the camera the refer to the reeling method or
Tray method activity.
• Pour the developing solution to the developing tank (Reel Method)
or directly to the tray (Tray Method) slowly until the tank is full.
• Cover the developing tank with its lid cap to avoid spilling.
• Agitate the film to the developing solution for 5-15 minutes.
• After that, pour the chemical back into another tray or jug.
• Pour the fixing agent then, agitate for 5-10 minutes. (The longer the
fixation the better.)

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• After the agitation pour the solution back into tray of jug.
• Wash the film in running water for 10-20 minutes then, hang the
film-up to dry.

Attach your outputs:

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REFLECTION:
Write your experiences during the conduct of film processing. What are
the things that you think you failed to perform?

Between the tray and reel method of developing films, what do you think is
more convenient? Why?

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ACTIVITY 12
TRAY METHOD (SEE-SAW METHOD)

OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to learn the technique of tray method without any
part of the film touching each other.
MATERIALS:
Film Developing Reel Tray
Gloves Developing Solution Water
Daylight Developing Tank Measuring cup
Fixer Solution Plastic Gallon (4pcs) Funnel

PROCEDURES:
• Rinse the trays with fresh water as a precaution against contamination and
prepare the solutions.
• Unload the exposed film from the camera (It must be done in a total dark
room) on a clean, dry area of the workbench near the developer.
• Take out the film from the cartridge by prying or snapping of the cap opposite
the end where the long spook core protrudes. (If you can’t take out the film,
use the pliers or can opener to open the canister.)
• Set the timer for the correct developing time and place it in a convenient
location near the processing solutions.
• Hold one end of the film and submerge to the developing solution in the tray.
• Make sure the whole length of the film is thoroughly submerged in the tray for
about 4-5 mins. (Move the film in a see-saw manner from one end to another
end continuously)
• After the developing time transfer it to the stop-bath several seconds then to
the fixer for several minutes (At least 5 minutes)
• The film is now safe from white light; you may switch on the light anytime.
• After the procedure wash the film and dry the negative film.
• Note: You will find it easier to work with only a few sheets of film at a time,
and repeat the process, than to start all the sheets at the same time and
damage them.

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Attach your outputs:

REFLECTION:
Write your experiences during the conduct of film processing. What are
the things that you think you failed to perform?

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ACTIVITY 13
PRINT MAKING PROCESS

OBJECTIVES:

The students will be able to apply the basic print making method or
procedure and understand the chemical process and equipment involved therein.
MATERIALS:
Dark Room Tray (4pcs) Fixing solution
Negative Projection Paper Cutter Water
Enlarger Photographic paper Cylinder/ Beaker
Timer Developing solution Plastic Gallons (4pcs)

PROCEDURES:
• Prepare all the materials and chemicals solutions needed.
• The first tray is for the Universal developer. Dilute 1 part of developing
stock solution with 2 parts of water.
• The second tray is for the stop bath (plain water or water with acetic acid)
• The third tray is for the fixer solution, and thelast tray is for the water to
wash the finished photographs.
• Place the photo paper, paper cutter, and negative film and some other
materials needed in aa place you can have an essay access.
• Adjust the ruler of the easel to your desired sizeof photographs.
• Switch on the safe light (red light) then, put off the light. (Only applicable in
black and white printing)
• Switch the enlarger to check the lamp.
• Place the negative film to the negative carrier and inster to the enlarger.
(Emulsion of the film must be facing down)
• Open the lens aperture at its biggest opening.
• Adjust the elevating knob to your desired size then, adjust the focusing
knob. (Adjust the lens opening to your desired amount of light.)
• Switch “off” the lamp of enlarger then bring out the photographic paper
then place it in the easel. (Emulsion must be facing up to lens.)
• For first exposure make a trial and error exposure. Take a first exposure in
a count of 3 seconds set aside the paper. Take the second exposure ina
count of 5 seconds and take a third exposure in a count of 7 seconds. (Put
some marking on the photographic paper to determine what exposure

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they have.)

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• Get all the exposed film and submerge and drip dry to the first tray
(developing solution) fro about 30-90 seconds it depends.
• Transfer the photo paper to the stop-bath for a several seconds then to
the fixer for sevral minutes and lastly to the fourth tray. Wash the finished
photographs. (For laboratory purposes)
• Dry the photographs and check the three exposed test. Choose the best
exposure to be applied in the succeeding exposures.

Attach your output:

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REFLECTION:
Write your experiences during the print making process. What are the
things that you think you failed to perform?

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ACTIVITY 14
CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY

OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to enumerate and apply their skills in
documenting the crime scene.
MATERIALS:
35mm Camera SLR, Tripod, Flash and 36 exposures film, Marking instrument,
Numbers, Board for case number. A victim if necessary, and etc.

PROCEDURE:
• Create a crime scene scenario.
• Prepare the camera and the film.
• Document it with the use of SLR.
• Focus the camera.
• Apply the three ranges of photographs: General or overall, Medium, and
Close-up.
• Observe the correct procedures in crime scene photography.
• Attach the general, medium, and close-up view/range photograph.

I. General View or Long-Range View

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II. Medium View or Mid-Range View

III. Close-up View or Short-Range View

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REFLECTION:
Write a short article on why there is a need to apply the different methods
of documenting the crime scene.

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ACTIVITY 15
CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY USING DSLR

OVERVIEW:
Globally, law enforcement agencies are now relying on the use of digital
cameras to document a crime scene. Courts have already recognized digital
photographs as part of scientific evidence. In the Philippines the PNP Crime
Laboratory widely uses digital cameras as part of processing the crime scene.
OBJECTIVE:
The students will be able to acquire knowledge on the use of digital
photography to document scene of the crimes.

PROCEDURE:
• Create a crime scene scenario.
• Document it with the use of digital DLSR.
• Apply the three ranges of photograph: General or overall, Medium, and
Close-up.
• Observe the correct procedures in crime scene photography.
• Attach the general, medium, and close-up view/range photograph.

General View

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Medium View

Close-up View

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ACTIVITY 16
CRIME SCENE SKETCHING

OVERVIEW:
There are three ways of documenting a crime scene. They are
photography, note taking and sketching. Sketching will show exact relationships
of objects like distance and directions.
OBJECTIVE:
The students will be able to acquire skills in sketching crime scenes.
MATERIALS:
• Sketch pad
• Compass
• Measuring device
• Pencil

PROCEDURE:
Create a crime scene scenario and prepare a rough and finished sketch.
Provide the complete details needed in preparing a sketch.
FINISHED SKETCH

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ROUGH SKECTH

REFLECTION:
Write a brief explanation about the difference of rough sketch and finished
sketch. Explain their importance and purpose.

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ACTIVITY 17
MUG-SHOT PHOTOGRAPHY
OBJECTIVES:

The students will be able to document a person for identification purposes.

MATERIALS:
35 mm Camera, SLR/DSLR, Film, Height measuring device, and Data board
PROCEDURE:
• Prepare the camera and the film.
• Use flash unit if necessary.
• Set the exposure according to the ambient (Shutter speed and F-stops).
• Instruct the subject to lean against the wall with a white background and
height measurement.
• Let the subject hold the data board.
• Focus and take accurate photograph of the subject.
• Attach the output.

One Front View

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One Left Side View

One Right Side View

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ACTIVITY 18
DOCUMENTING EVIDENCE SUBJECT FOR LABORATORY EXAMINATION
ANALYSIS

OBJECTIVES:
The students will be able to learn how to document object of evidence
subject for laboratory examination and analysis.
MATERIALS:
35mm Camera SLR/DSLR, Film, Macro Lens, Tripod (Reversible), Gosse neck
Lamp(2pcs.), data board, measuring devices (mm), and sample evidence
(cellular phone, gun, knife, money).
PROCEDURE:
• Prepare the camera with film and tripod.
• Adjust the tripod according to the size of the evidence.
• Attach the camera to the tripod.
• Place the lamp side by side of the tripod and check the illumination.
• Place the evidence carefully fronting the camera.
• Adjust the camera for focusing and setting (Shutter speed and F-stops)
• Adjustments of the tripod may be done if necessary.
• Position the data board below or beside the evidence.
• Use the ideal measuring device according to the size of the evidence
beneath.
• Take a picture when ready.

Evidence Output 1

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Evidence Output 2

Evidence Output 3

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PHOTOGRAPH LOG:

This will likewise establish the “Chain Position” of the original

negatives and photographs printed.

File number:
Nature of case:
Date and time taken:
Name of Photographer:
Camera used:
Focal length of lens used:
Exposure settings:
Source of light:
Accessories used:
Number of rolls/ exposures taken:
Film used:
ISO rating:
Developing time:
Developer used: _
Number of copies printed:
Size:
Date filed:
Received by:

Date/ Time of recopy:

Number of copies:
Requested by:
Div. /Sec. /Unit:
Approved by:

Name of the Police Officer/ Forensics specialists, and other people present at the crime
scene during the picture taking.

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REFERENCES:

Bulan, Ma. E. C. & Magadia, Ma. E. P., (2013), Police Photography, ChapterHouse Publishing
Incorporated, Novaliches, Quezon City.

Montojo, F. G. (2006), Police Photography, National Bookstore, Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg. 125
Pioner Street, Mandaluyong City 1550

Villarba, Waynefred H. (2015), Forensic Photography for Criminology Students and Practitioners
with Laboratory Manual, Second Edition., Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc., Unit 302 3rd Flr. DM
Bldg. Congressional Ave. Visayas Ave. Proj. 6, Quezon City

Villarba, Waynefred H. (2015), Forensic Photography for Criminology Students and

Practitioners., Wiseman’s Trading, Inc., Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc., Unit 302 3rd Flr. DM
Bldg. Congressional Ave. Visayas Ave. Proj. 6, Quezon City

Retrieve last Sept. 26, 2016 http://www.apphoto.es/ap_products/docs/eng/empresa.html

Retrieve last Sept. 26, 2016 http://photographytraining.tpub.com/14209/css/Tray-Processing-

258.html

Retrieve last Sept. 26, 2016 http://www.guidetofilmphotography.com/how-to-unload-35mm-

film.html

Retrieve last Sept. 26, 2016 http://www.guidetofilmphotography.com/black-and-white-

photography-exposure-guide.html

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