*_Geography Test Notes_*

*_Subject: Grade 11 Notes_*

*_Name: Raphalani Maanda_*

*_Date: July 8, 2024_*

*_Notes by: Dynamics_*

*_Manager: Phaswana Unarine_*

1.1 B
1.2 B
1.3 D
1.4 D
1.5 E
1.6 F
1.7 G
1.8 H
1.9 I
1.10 J

QUESTION 2
2.1 arable
2.2 SDIs
2.3 tertiary activities
2.4 GNP
2.5 ecotourism
2.6 informal sector
2.7 subsistence agriculture
2.8 bilateral
2.9 multinational corporation
2.10 McDonald’s

QUESTION 3
3.1 A
3.2 F
3.3 G
3.4 A
3.5 E
3.6 F
3.7 G
3.8 H
3.9 I
3.10 J
QUESTION 4
4.1 Development indicators
4.2 Primary economic activities
4.3 Aid
4.4 Cash crop
4.5 Agricultural co-operative
4.6 Land tenure
4.7 Permaculture
4.8 Protectionism
4.9 Quota
4.10 Secondary economic activities

QUESTION 5
5.1 Human Development Index
5.2 Subsistence agriculture
5.3 Infrastructure
5.4 Foreign Direct Investment
5.6 Land restitution
5.7 Modernisation
5.8 Globalisation
5.9 Literacy
5.10 Life expectancy

QUESTION 6
6.1 True
6.2 False
6.3 True
6.4 False
6.5 True
6.6 True
6.7 False
6.8 False
6.9 True
6.10 True

QUESTION 7
7.1 D
7.2 D
7.3 B
7.4 C
7.5 A

QUESTION 8
8.1 Basic needs
8.2 Life expectancy
8.3 Urbanisation
8.4 Forced removals
8.5 Tertiary sector
8.6 Non-governmental organisation
8.7 Multinational corporations
8.8 Migration
8.9 Severe acute respiratory syndrome
8.10 Sustainable agriculture

QUESTION 9
9.1 D
9.2 A
9.3 B
9.4 D
9.5 B

QUESTION 10
10.1 a) Gross Domestic Product per capita
b) Number of deaths of infants under one year per 1 000 live births
10.2 Both birth rates and death rates are high in Zambia because the country has a high population
growth rate and a low Quality of Life Index.
10.3 Life expectancy is highest in Sweden because the country has good healthcare and a high Quality
of Life Index.
10.4 Advantage: Zero population growth means that the country's population is not increasing.
Disadvantage: The population may be ageing.
10.5 True, because countries with high urbanisation rates generally have higher levels of development.

QUESTION 11
11.1 The process of increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies and societies.
11.2 They all have low levels of development and high levels of poverty.
11.3 Advantages: increased economic growth, access to new markets, cultural exchange.
Disadvantages: job losses, cultural homogenisation, environmental degradation.

QUESTION 12
12.1 Informal settlements are areas where people build homes without official permission.
12.2 The large increase in access to clean, safe water supply within 200m of residents’ homes from
2005 to 2006 in informal settlements was due to the efforts of the City of Cape Town to improve
access to basic services.
12.3 It is important to have clean, safe water close to your residence because it improves health and
hygiene.
12.4 The percentage increase was 21,4%.
12.5 The government or local municipality built more formal settlements and improved access to
basic services.
12.6 Residents who do not have access to sanitation are at risk of illnesses such as diarrhoea, skin
infections and infestation by parasitic worms.

QUESTION 13
13.1 Less developed country
13.2 The farming practice is labour-intensive and the tools used are simple.
13.3 Farmers could use irrigation, fertilizers and machinery to improve their yields.
13.4 [Insert diagram]

QUESTION 14
14.1 North: Europe/Asia; South: Antarctica
14.2 Africa has low levels of development, low life expectancy, high infant mortality rates, low levels of
education and low GNP/capita.
14.3 Human Development Index, life expectancy
14.4 GNP does not always show the whole picture because some countries with high GNPs have
unequal distribution of wealth.

QUESTION 15
15.1 HIV/AIDS
15.2 The number of males who died at age 35 increased from 18.6% to 35.6%, an increase of 16.9%.
15.3 AIDS-related deaths will negatively impact the entire population by reducing the workforce,
increasing poverty and straining the healthcare system.
15.4 Two characteristics of less economically developed countries that might have contributed to the
HIV/AIDS pandemic in South Africa are a lack of education and a lack of access to healthcare.
15.5 Three suggestions to combat HIV/AIDS are to increase awareness and education, provide access
to antiretroviral treatment, and promote condom use.

QUESTION 16
16.1 Interdependence
16.2 The concept of interdependence refers to the idea that countries rely on each other for trade,
resources, and other needs.
16.3 The two groups of people and countries depicted in the cartoon rely on each other for trade, with
one group providing resources and the other providing manufactured goods.
16.4 The group of countries that stands to gain the most from this interrelationship is the developed
countries.
16.5 Three reasons for this are that developed countries have more power in trade negotiations, they
have access to cheaper resources, and they can exploit the labor of less developed countries.

QUESTION 17
17.1 The process of collecting firewood is a long and difficult one that requires women to spend hours
searching for and gathering wood, and then carrying heavy loads back to their homes.
17.2 The ever-growing demand for wood will affect these women by making their work even harder
and more time-consuming.
17.3 These women are also expected to do other domestic work and take care of children and
families.
17.4 In many societies, women have less access to education and human rights than men, which can
limit their opportunities and freedoms.
17.5 In South Africa, 40% of rural households are headed by women because many men have
migrated to urban areas for work, leaving women to care for families and homes.

QUESTION 18

18.1 Unemployment and poverty.

18.2 They sent 15 women to Gauteng to learn skills like brick-making, candle-making, and business
skills, which they used to start their own businesses.
18.3 Brick-making, candle-making, dress-making, clay pot-making, business skills.
18.4 The programme started with just 15 women, but eventually led to 200 self-employed
businesswomen, and their products are even sold in other countries like Portugal and Japan.
18.5 They are an inspiration because they took action to improve their lives, and their success has
created opportunities for many others.
18.6 Sara Masunga.

QUESTION 19
19.1 Valid.
19.2 No, because aid often focuses on large projects that don't reach the poor. Reasons: aid is spent
on large projects like roads and bridges, and most aid is spent on enriching the rich.
19.3 Reasons: big projects are more visible and easier to manage, and they can be used to gain
political advantage.
19.4 Because Africa pays more to the industrialised world in debt and interest repayments than it
receives in aid.

QUESTION 20

20.1 Donor countries.

20.2 Poverty and lack of infrastructure.
20.3 No, because the aid is often used for showy projects that don't address the root problems.
20.4 The woman means that she wishes the aid was given with fewer conditions and in a more
sustainable way, rather than just being a quick fix.
20.5 The rich countries.
20.6 Oxfam.

QUESTION 21

21.1 Social, economic, environmental.

21.2 The social indicator compares the well-being of different communities, the economic indicator
compares the wealth of different countries, and the environmental indicator compares the health of
different ecosystems.
21.3 The social indicators aim to improve education, healthcare, and living standards, which are all
essential for sustainable development.

QUESTION 22

22.1 Because they have a high purchasing power.

22.2 Because they have a low purchasing power.
22.3 GDP, population, natural resources.
22.4 Yes, because they have a moral obligation to help those in need and it is in their long-term
interest to have a more stable and prosperous world.

QUESTION 23

23.1 Agriculture (primary), industry (secondary), services (tertiary).

23.2 Commercial farmers produce for profit, while subsistence farmers produce for their own
consumption.
23.4 France, Brazil, Namibia.

QUESTION 24

24.1 0%.
24.2 Agriculture, water collection, fuel collection.
24.3 No, because women contribute significantly to these activities but often don't have control over
the resources or benefits.
24.4 Discrimination in education, employment, ownership of land, and political representation.

QUESTION 25
25.1 Donor country: a country that gives aid, aid: financial assistance, GNP: gross national product.
25.2 They are all wealthy countries.
25.3 Financial aid, technical aid, food aid.
25.4 Yes, because it is a moral obligation and necessary for global stability.

QUESTION 26

26.1 Life expectancy: the average number of years a person is expected to live, literacy rate: the
percentage of people who can read and write.
26.2 Because they have good healthcare and living standards.
26.3 Because of poverty, poor healthcare, and conflict.
26.4 South Africa has a negative natural increase because of HIV/AIDS and other diseases.
26.5 Denmark, Angola.

QUESTION 27

27.1 Globalisation is the increasing connection of the world's economies and cultures.
27.2 The cartoon represents globalisation as a person strapped across the globe, symbolizing how it
can be both empowering and suffocating.
27.3 Globalisation affects South Africa through trade, investment, and cultural exchange.

QUESTION 28

28.1 Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of a country's well-being based on life expectancy,
education, and income.
28.2 Developed countries, developing countries.
28.3 Life expectancy, education, income.
28.4 Poverty, inequality, poor healthcare.

QUESTION 29

29.1 Development is the process of improving the well-being of a country or community.

29.2 Each MDG can be achieved through a combination of government policies, international aid, and
community efforts.

QUESTION 30

30.1 China has followed a state-led development model.

30.2 Industrialisation brings economic growth and job creation.
30.3 Industrialisation can lead to environmental degradation and inequality.
30.4 No, because the benefits of development have not been evenly distributed.
30.5 Women can benefit from development through education, employment, and political
empowerment.

QUESTION 31

31.1 Brazil.
31.2 Japan.
31.3 Egypt, Brazil.
31.4 Because they have good healthcare systems and living standards.
31.5 Egypt, Brazil
1.1 C non-renewable natural resources. (2)
1.2 B across South Africa’s national borders. (2)
1.3 A renewable energy source. (2)
1.4 D rain with a pH of below 5,6. (2)
1.5 A an opening of the Arctic sea passage. (2)

2.1 K People who perform tasks e.g. teaching, banking, fishing, mining, etc. (2)
2.2 C Commodities that cannot be replaced nor replenished once used (2)
2.3 E Trees and plants growing naturally in a country (2)
2.4 L Substances that are formed naturally in rocks (2)
2.5 B Areas set aside for conservation of fauna, flora and natural environment (2)
2.6 H Natural heat of Earth’s crust usually brought to surface by springs, geysers and steam (2)
2.7 D Crops e.g. sugar/maize used to produce a source of energy (2)
2.8 I Types of pollution that contribute towards global warming (2)
2.9 D Acids in the air caused by pollution, which fall to the ground as liquids, solids or gases (2)
2.10 J Gradual increase in temperatures on Earth (2)

3.1 D resource conservation. (2)

3.2 A coal (2)
3.3 D asbestos (2)
3.4 B uranium (2)
3.5 B fuelwood (2)

4.1 G Cannot be replaced when used up (2)

4.2 D Acids in the air caused by pollution, which fall to the ground as liquids, solids or gases (2)
4.3 K The people needed to grow food, catch fish, make goods and provide services (2)
4.4 A Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide (2)
4.5 E Capital (2)
4.6 M Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of water (2)
4.7 B Restore to its original form after opencast mining (2)
4.8 H Reducing the amount of species (2)
4.9 I Keeping areas of Earth, untouched by humans, in their present condition (2)
4.10 J Diseases spread by insects that live in lakes and rivers (2)

5.1 True
5.2 True
5.3 True
5.4 False (South Africa mines approximately 90% of Africa's gold)
5.5 True
5.6 False (The Earth's surface temperature has increased by about 1°C over the past 100 years)
5.7 True
5.8 True
5.9 True
5.10 False (The Congo River has the largest annual water discharge in Africa)

6.1 C fossil fuels

6.2 A maize
6.3 A Dissolved metals are released from the soil into streams and lakes
6.4 B uranium
6.5 A Alzheimer’s disease
7.1 True
7.2 True
7.3 False (Acid-sensitive species will die in water with a pH below 7)
7.4 True
7.5 False (China and the USA are the largest emitters, but the question does not specify a time frame)
7.6 True
7.7 True
7.8 False (The Congo River discharges the largest amount of water annually in Africa)
7.9 True
7.10 True

8.1 Capital
8.2 Medicinal
8.3 Mediterranean
8.4 200
8.5 Alloy
8.6 Rehabilitated
8.7 Resolution
8.8 Biodiversity
8.9 Conserve
8.10 Underground

9.1 a) Carbon footprint: The amount of greenhouse gases emitted as a result of human activity
b) Greenhouse gases: Gases that contribute to global warming, e.g. CO2, methane, water vapor
9.2 The USA has the largest carbon footprint due to its large population, high energy consumption,
and reliance on fossil fuels
9.3 True, because countries in the Northern Hemisphere have higher emissions due to their
industrialized economies and high energy consumption
9.4 South Africa's carbon footprint could be reduced by increasing energy efficiency, switching to
renewable energy sources, and implementing sustainable land use practices

10.1 a) Resource: A natural or artificial substance or material that can be used for economic or social
benefit
b) Renewable resource: A resource that can be replenished naturally, e.g. wood, water, solar energy
c) Non-renewable resource: A resource that cannot be replenished naturally, e.g. fossil fuels, minerals

10.2 a) Firewood could become depleted if forests are over-harvested or destroyed

b) Firewood could be utilized sustainably by reforestation and responsible harvesting
c) Alternative energy sources include solar, wind, and hydro power

10.3 Four reasons to protect indigenous forests:

- They provide habitat for diverse species
- They support local communities
- They regulate water cycles
- They store carbon dioxide

11.1 Three benefits of the Buffelspoort Dam:

- Hydroelectric power generation
- Irrigation for agriculture
- Recreation and tourism
11.2 The dam is a resource because it provides water for various uses
11.3 The holiday resort benefits local people by creating jobs and stimulating the economy, but it may
negatively impact the environment through increased pollution and habitat destruction
11.4 Three reasons farmers should be given access to the land:
- Historical use
- Economic necessity
- Food security

Question 12

12.1: Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation, leading to the
greenhouse effect. Examples include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. They come from
natural sources like respiration and decomposition, as well as human activities like burning fossil
fuels and deforestation.

12.2: High energy consumption per capita, large population, and heavy reliance on fossil fuels.

12.3: China's rapid development has led to increased industrialization, urbanization, and energy
consumption, resulting in higher greenhouse gas emissions.

12.4: The statement is true as these countries have high energy consumption, large populations, and
rapidly industrializing economies, leading to significant greenhouse gas emissions.

13.1: Wood is a renewable natural resource.

13.2: Deforestation is the clearance of forests, usually as a result of human activities like agriculture,
urbanization, and logging.

13.3: Agriculture and urbanization.

13.4: Deforestation contributes to climate change by releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere and
reducing carbon sequestration.

13.5: Landowners can be encouraged to halt deforestation and plant more trees through incentives
like subsidies, tax breaks, and certification programs.

14.1: Carbon dioxide.

14.2: Industry and transport.

14.3: The greenhouse effect results in continued higher global temperatures as greenhouse gases
trap heat in the atmosphere.

14.4: Rising sea levels and changes in precipitation patterns.

14.5: Transitioning to renewable energy sources and increasing energy efficiency.

15.1: Formal and informal settlements.

15.2: A leak-free water supply, affordable and equitable water services, and sustainable water
management practices.

15.3: A pilot project is a small-scale trial of a project to test its feasibility and effectiveness.
15.4: A 40% reduction in water consumption and the training of community members in water
management.

15.5: Residents who maintained responsible water use for six months had their water and sewer
arrears written off.

15.6: The community benefited from job creation, skills development, and improved water
infrastructure.

15.7: 4,500.

16.1: The over-reliance on wood for energy.

16.2: Fuel, building material, and furniture.

16.3: Time spent collecting wood increases as resources deplete and travel distances grow.

16.4: Women are usually responsible for collecting wood in rural communities.

16.5: The environment degenerates as deforestation leads to soil erosion, reduced biodiversity, and
decreased water quality.

16.6: Deforestation.

17.1: Ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains
the well-being of local people.

17.2: Ecotourism has both positive and negative impacts on the environment and local communities.

17.3: Increased visitors and buildings can have a negative impact if not properly managed, and tourist
memorabilia can belittle the cultural significance of natural resources.

17.4: Insensitive marketing of tourist memorabilia can disrespect the cultural significance of natural
resources and exploit local communities.

17.5: The local community may not benefit from ecotourism if profits are invested in tourist facilities
rather than community development, and if tourism creates social problems like exploitation and
exclusion.

18.1: Darling.

18.2: Wind energy is a sustainable and renewable source of power because it is abundant and
replenished naturally.

18.3: It is important to investigate new forms of energy to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate
climate change.

18.4: Companies can benefit from changing to green electricity by reducing their carbon footprint and
improving their social responsibility image.

18.5: 25c per kWh.

18.6: Intermittent power supply and high upfront costs.

19.1: Countries that agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

19.2: The United States.

19.3: The big cigar represents the significant contribution of the United States to greenhouse gas
emissions, which impacts the efforts of other countries to reduce their emissions.

19.4: The Kyoto Protocol established binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which
entail reducing emissions to below 1990 levels.

19.5: Developing countries were exempt from emission reductions to allow for economic
development, which assisted them in later years by allowing them to focus on sustainable
development.

20.1: Table View and Wallacedene.

20.2: High concentrations of pollutants in these areas may be due to the presence of industries and
vehicle emissions.

20.3: Implementing emission-reducing technologies in industries.

20.4: Urban areas have lower concentrations of pollutants than roadside areas due to the proximity of
vehicles to roadside monitoring stations, and the difference in concentrations may be due to the
presence of industries and vehicle emissions.

20.5: The oil refinery industry contributes to high concentration levels in the Table View area.

20.6: Large industries can cut down on emissions by implementing emission-reducing technologies
and switching to cleaner energy sources.

20.1: Table View, Wallacedene

20.2: Industrial activities, vehicle emissions
20.3: Implement emission-reducing technologies
20.4: Urban areas have lower concentrations due to dispersion, roadside areas have higher
concentrations due to proximity to vehicles
20.5: Oil refinery industry
20.6: Implement emission-reducing technologies, switch to cleaner energy sources

21.1: Increased vehicle numbers, lack of emission regulations

21.2: Peak traffic hours
21.3: Increased vehicle emissions, stagnant air
21.4: To reduce emissions and improve air quality
21.5: Regular maintenance, fuel-efficient driving, alternative transportation

22.1: 1.4 to 5.8°C

22.2: Low rainfall, high temperature variability
22.3: Droughts, floods, heat waves
22.4: Water stress management, sea level rise mitigation
23.1: Coal, wind, solar, hydro
23.2: Access to cool ocean water, proximity to Cape Town
23.3: Reliability, low operating costs
23.4: High capital costs, radioactive waste disposal

24.1: Kruger, Pilanesberg, Tsitsikamma, Addo Elephant, Golden Gate, Kalahari Gemsbok
24.2: Endangered species: at risk of becoming extinct, Extinct: no longer exists
24.3: Conservation of biodiversity, tourism and recreation
24.4: Dear Director, I believe the national park should sell us the land for mining operations as it will
create jobs and stimulate economic growth.

25:
1. Fossil fuels: Adv: high energy density, Disadv: contributes to climate change
2. Nuclear power: Adv: low operating costs, Disadv: radioactive waste disposal
3. Hydroelectric power: Adv: renewable, Disadv: dependent on water supply
4. Solar power: Adv: renewable, Disadv: intermittent energy supply
5. Biomass: Adv: renewable, Disadv: competing land use

26.1: To reduce emissions and contribute to preserving the environment

26.2: By reducing emissions, Toyota can help mitigate climate change
26.3: Electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, emission-reducing technologies
26.4: [Diagram of car emissions contributing to global warming]

27.1: Non-renewable
27.2: Petrol, diesel
27.3: Saudi Arabia, Iran
27.4: Air pollution, climate change, health impacts
27.5: Nigeria should invest in building refineries to reduce reliance on imports.

28.1: Fossil fuel dependence: reliance on fossil fuels, Climate change: global warming
28.2: Resource exploitation
28.3: Increasing global population and energy demand
28.4: The cartoon depicts the human race relying heavily on fossil fuels, contributing to climate
change.

*Grade 11 GEOGRAPHY TEST ONE*

1.1 C
1.2 A
1.3 D
1.4 B
1.5 C

2.1 Atlantic Ocean

2.2 Indian Ocean
2.3 Mediterranean Sea
2.4 Red Sea
2.5 Nile River
2.6 Congo River
2.7 Zambezi River
2.8 Orange River
2.9 Lake Victoria
2.10 Okavango Swamps

3.1 Cold currents: Benguela, Canary. Warm currents: Gulf Stream, Kuroshio.
3.2 Trade winds
3.3 Cold currents move towards the equator, warm currents move towards the poles.
3.4 Varied climate due to different ocean currents and wind patterns.

4.1 Drought: prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall.

4.2 Drought affects agriculture, economy, and people's livelihoods.
4.3 Droughts are worse in African countries due to lack of resources, infrastructure, and poverty.
4.4 Farmers can prepare for drought by conserving water, using drought-resistant crops, and having
emergency funds.

*Grade 11 GEOGRAPHY TEST TWO*

1.1 D
1.2 D
1.3 B
1.4 C
1.5 A

2.1 E
2.2 J
3.1-3.5 ( diagrams and explanations)

4.1 Horizon 1: A-horizon, 2: B-horizon, 3: C-horizon, 4: R-horizon

4.2 Granite influences soil formation and fertility.
4.3 Eluviation
4.4 Veld fire consequences: soil erosion, nutrient depletion.
4.5 Overgrazing consequences: soil erosion, reduced fertility.

1. (diagram and explanation of slope elements)

*Grade 11 GEOGRAPHY TEST THREE*

1.1 B
1.2 D
1.3 A
1.4 C
1.5 B

2.1 False
2.2 True
2.3 True
2.4 False
2.5 True
2.6 False
2.7 True
2.8 False
2.9 False
2.10 True
_Grade 11 GEOGRAPHY TEST THREE_

3.1 Product
3.2 Developed
3.3 Reform
3.4 Bilateral
3.5 Decentralization
3.6 Capitalism
3.7 Arable
3.8 Migration
3.9 Quota
3.10 Loan

4.1 Development: the process of improving the quality of life of individuals in a society.
4.2 Sustainable development: meets present needs without compromising future resources.
Unsustainable development: uses resources at a rate that cannot be maintained.
4.3 Social indicators: life expectancy, literacy rate
4.4 Economic indicators: GDP, inflation rate
4.5 (diagram and explanation of core-periphery model)

5.1 Reconstruction and Development Programme

5.2 Principles: community involvement, sustainability, equity, accountability, empowerment
5.3 Education
5.4 Developing human resources improves quality of life, increases productivity, and enhances
economic growth.
5.6 The main aim was to promote economic growth and development.

_Grade 11 GEOGRAPHY TEST FOUR_

1.1 True
1.2 False
1.3 False
1.4 True
1.5 True
1.6 False
1.7 True
1.8 True
1.9 True
1.10 False

2.1 Land rehabilitation

2.2 Non-renewable resources
2.3 Conservation
2.4 Financial resources
2.5 Ecotourism
2.6 CITES
2.7 Hydroelectric power
2.8 Natural gas
2.9 Opencast mining
2.10 Renewable energy resources

3.1 Biofuel
3.2 Kyoto Protocol
3.3 Global warming
3.4 Coal
3.5 Conservation
3.6 Fossil fuels
3.7 Ecotourism
3.8 Deforestation
3.9 Biodiversity
3.10 Uranium

4.1 Renewable resources

4.2 Resource depletion
4.3 Non-renewable natural resources
4.4 Acid rain
4.5 Greenhouse gases
4.6 Plantations
4.7 Raw materials
4.8 World Heritage Sites
4.9 Biomass
4.10 Kyoto Protocol

5.1 Soil erosion: the wearing away of soil by natural forces.

5.2 Agents of soil erosion: water, wind, gravity. Examples: rivers, hurricanes, landslides.
5.3 Vegetation loss occurs due to soil erosion because roots are exposed and plants die.
5.4 Methods to prevent soil erosion: terracing, contour farming, reforestation, mulching, cover
cropping.