Science Fair Project

Aayushi Mangain

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 Motion

In physics, motion is the change in position of an object with respect to its

surroundings in a given interval of time.
 Distance. Displacement

When a body moves from one point to when a body moves from one position to
another, the distance travelled refers to another, the shortest (straight line) dist
the actual length of the indirect path. Distance between the initial and final
position of the body, along with direction
Uniform motion: When an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, it is said to be in
uniform motion

Time
Non-uniform motion: Motions where objects cover unequal distances in equal intervals of time.

Distance
Speed: The distance travelled by an object in unit time is referred to as speed. Its unit is m/s.

Average speed: For non-uniform motion, the average speed of an object is obtained by dividing the total
distance travelled by an object by the total time taken.

Average speed (v)= Total distance travelled (s)

Total time taken (t)
Velocity: Velocity is the speed of an
object moving indefinite direction. S.I. Acceleration: Change in the velocity
unit is m/s. of an object per unit time

Acceleration= (V) -U.

T
 When the velocity is constant, the velocity-time
Graphical representation of motions graph, with Y-axis denoting velocity and the
(i) Distance-time graph X-axis denoting time, will be like:
For a distance-time graph, time is taken on
x-axis and distance is taken on the y-axis. Velocity Time Graphs
[Note: All independent quantities are taken
along the x-axis and dependent quantities are
taken along the y-axis.]
Velocity
The Rate of change of displacement is velocity. It is a vector quantity. Here the
direction of motion is specified.

Velocity = Displacement
Time
Instantaneous velocity is the rate of change of position for a time interval which is
very small, i.e. almost zero. In more simple words, the velocity of an object at a
given instant of time is known as instantaneous velocity
When the acceleration is increasing with time, the velocity-time graph will be a curve as predicted from
the equation:
v = u + at
Since u = 0
v= at
Since acceleration is a function of time, the velocity-time graph will be a curve.
Uniform circular motion: When a body moves in a circular path with uniform speed, its . motion is called
uniform circular motion