LESSON 1 : LOCAL MATERIALS 2.

PAGBUBURDA - Lumban Embroidery

- is an art used in decorating textiles which was
LOCAL - any material that is easily available brought by the Spaniards
- the main industry of Lumban, Laguna
- can also refer to wherever the artist finds himself
- EMBROIDERED ITEMS :
or herself
● Barong Tagalogs Wedding Gowns
BULACAN ● Handkerchiefs Purses
● Table Mats Table Runners
1. PUNI - The Art of Leaf Fronds Folding ● Scarves Doilies
- Bulakenyos’ way of decorating using leaf fronds ● Abanicos
folding 3. CALLADO
- Coconut leaves fashioned by folding, plaiting, - a technique in embroidery in which Lumban,
braiding and simple weaving, which may have Laguna is famous for
functional as well as aesthetic uses. - the decoration is made more intricate by pulling
- Can be used as toys (birds, fish, grasshoppers, etc.) out threads in some spots while adding more on
Food Containers, Religious Rituals (Palaspas), others
Accessories, and Ornaments
2. SINGKABAN - Bamboo Art LESSON 2 : ART PRODUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES
- is an artfully-made entrance arch used during
1. WOVEN PRODUCTS (TEXTILE, FABRIC, AND
fiestas and other important events in Bulacan
CLOTHING)
- most prevalent in the old towns of Hagonoy and
2. BAGS & ACCESSORIES
Malolos
- Pandan Bags (Bacolod)
- Filipino word for bamboo arch
- Inabel Bags (Ilocos)
- Used as a welcome signange of a town, city or
- Rattan Bags (Bicol)
village in the country.
- Banig Bags (Tacloban)
- Originated in malolos and hagonoy
- Ikat Bags (Ifugao)
- Festival of arts and culture in honor of OUR LADY
OF VICTORY Philippine Accessories are usually made of:
3. PABALAT - Pastillas Wrapper Cutting Art
- decorative wrappers made from colorful Japanese - Pearls & Shells
papers. - Stone/ Rocks
- also called “Borlas De Pastillas” - Wood/ Sticks
- started in San Miguel, Bulacan - Animal bones
- designs can be bahay kubo , rice fields, farmers, - Beads
flowers, landscapes, other figures. - Feathers
- Leaves
PAMPANGA - Cloth/Leather
3. FOOTWEAR
1. SANICULAS - Saniculas Cookie Mold Carvings
- Beads
- are arrowroot cookies that have the image of St.
- Abaca
Nicholas molded on it
- Rattan
- Legends say that consuming these cookies speed
- Crochet/Woven Fabric
up recovery from illnesses
- Rubber/Leather/ Wood
- VARIES FROM SHAPES AND SIZES:
4. HOME-USE PRODUCTS
● MASANTOL - round
5. DECORS
● STA. ANA - harp-shaped
6. MASKS
● SAN FERNANDO & MEXICO - leafshaped,
with pointed ends LESSON 3: PHILIPPINE FESTIVALS
LAGUNA WHY DOWE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS?
1. TAKA - Paper Mache - To honor patron saints
- refers to paper mache made by using a carved - Thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest
wooden sculpture as a mold - Commemoration of an event
- originated in the town of Paete, Laguna - Tribute to a special occasion or a local specialty
- was inspired by the “piñata” of Mexico.
RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
1. TRASLACION
- “transfer”
- The Church commemorates it annually every 9th of
January.
- re-enacts the transfer of the miraculous Black
Nazarene from its original shrine in Intramuros to
the Minor Basilica (or Quiapo Church)
2. SINULOG FESTIVAL (CEBU)
- held every third Sunday of January in honor of the
holy image of Señor Sto. Niño de Cebu
- “graceful dance”
- “sinulog” is from the Cebuano word “sulog” which
refers to ‘a movement that’s like the water current‘
3. DINAGYANG FESTIVAL (ILOILO)
- It is celebrated every fourth Sunday of January also
in honor of the Sto. Niño.
- Origin : 1968 when Fr. Sulpicio Enderes, OSA, with a
delegation of the Cofradia de Cebu, brought a
replica of the image Of Señor Sto. Niño de Cebu to
Iloilo City.
4. ATI-ATIHAN FESTIVAL (KALIBO, AKLAN )
- a festival that also honors Sto. Niño held on the
third Sunday of January
- features a parade of drumbeating Ati-Atihans
(make-believe Atis) and the cry Of “hala bira!”
5. SANTO NINO DE MALOLOS FIESTA (MALOLOS)
- The Sto Niño de Malolos Festival is held during the
last Sunday of January.
- The biggest and largest expression of devotion to
the Holy Child Jesus in the Luzon island.
6. PAHIYAS FESTIVAL (LUCBAN)
- It is held annually on May 15 in honor of San Isidro
Labrador, the patron saint of farmers, for a
bountiful harvest.
- Houses along the procession route are decorated
with the colorful “Kiping” made of colored and
cooked rice dough with a leaf shaped design.
7. MORIONES (MARINDUQUE)
- held annually during Holy week
- It features an outdoor play (Via Crucis) that
reenacts the story of Longinus, the centurion who
pierced the side of Jesus on the cross.
8. PAMULINAWEN FESTIVAL (LAOAG, ILOCOS NORTE)
- held every first week of the February
- The festival corresponds with the Feast Day of Saint
William the Hermit and our Lady of Peace, which is
the city’s Patron Saint.
9. PIAT SAMBALI FESTIVAL (CAGAYAN)
- OUR LADY OF PIAT
- a religious and cultural revival to commemorate
the Christianization of the Itawes region of Cagayan
- celebrated every last week of June
10. LA HERMOSA FESTIVAL (ZAMBOANGA)
- “Fiesta Pilar”
- It is a month-long festival held in October, honoring
the Nuestra Señora de la Virgen del Pilar whose
image is enshrined in the equally historic and
venerated Fort Pilar.
11. OBANDO FERTILITY FESTIVAL (BULACAN)
- It is an annual three-day feast from May 17-19
- It is believed that couples who are struggling to
conceive a child will be blessed and finally have
their prayers answered by joining in the feast.
- SAN PASCUAL BAYLON
- INMACULADA DE SALAMBAO
- SANTA CLARA DE ASIS
THANKSGIVING FESTIVAL
1. TOBACCO FESTIVAL (CANDON, ILOCOS SUR)
- It is celebrated every last week of March in
thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest of tobacco.
2. BUTANDING FESTIVAL (SORSOGON)
- held from April 28 to 30
- It does not only usher the butanding (whaleshark)
season, but to also give thanks for the blessings
given to the locals of Donsol.
3. KADAYAWAN FESTIVAL (DAVAO)
- It is a thanksgiving for the gifts of nature and a
celebration of life every third week of August,
highlighting the 11 tribes of Davao City.
- The festival’s name is derived from the Mandaya
word “madayaw,” meaning treasured or valuable.
FESTIVALS COMMEMORATING EVENTS AND HONORING
SPECIALTIES FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS
1. PANAGBENGA FESTIVAL (BAGUIO)
- “Flower Festival”
- The festival started to revive the city’s industry
after the devastation of the 1990 Luzon
earthquake. This celebration has become Baguio’s
trademark.
2. PATTARADAY FESTIVAL (SANTIAGO CITY, CAGAYAN)
- The Ybanag word pattaraday means “unity”.
- It is held during May to commemorate the
founding anniversary of the city and the coming
together of several ethnic groups.
3. MASSKARA FESTIVAL (BACOLOD)
- has a literal transalation of “many faces”
- It is celebrated every third week of October to pay
tribute to the sugar industry that once flourished in
the region.
4. F’LOMLOK FESTIVAL (POLOMOLOK, SOUTH
COTABATO)
- F’lomlok is the B’laan term for “hunting grounds”
Celebrated annually every September. It showcases
the local products of the region.
5. BANGUS FESTIVAL (DAGUPAN CITY, PANGASINAN)
 - Held every April and May in Dagupan. The festival
is held in celebration of the city's thriving
aquaculture, specializing in bangus or milkfish.
FLUVIAL FESTIVAL
1. PAGODA NG KRUS SA WAWA (BOCAUE, BULACAN)
- Every First Sunday of July, the town of Bocaue in
the Province of Bulacan celebrates the fluvial
pagoda festival, the Pagoda sa Wawa, which
commemorates the discovery of the miraculous
cross floating on the Bocaue river 200 years ago.
- The Bocaue Pagoda Festival has A cross which rides
on top of a pagoda adorned with magnificent
trimmings and guided by colorful bancas. Hundreds
of people attend the procession for a nine-day
novena (Lutrina), during which they feast and
celebrate the legendary discovery of the Holy Cross
from the Bocaue River
2. OUR LADY OF PENAFRANCIAFLUVIAL PARADE
(NAGA CITY)
- The feast of Our Lady ofPeñafrancia is celebrated
on the third Saturday of September in Naga City,
Bicol.
- On the last day, the image is returned to her shrine
following the Naga River route.
3. APUNG IRU LIBAD FESTIVAL (APALIT, PAMPANGA)
- In Apalit, where the biggest and most elaborate
celebration occurs on the Rio Grande (Pampanga
River), the first libad begins on June 28 and the last
one occurs on June 30.
- Libad is the generic term that refers to a fluvial
procession held in honor of a patron saint; in
Apalit, it is in honor of St. Peter, whom locals
intimately refer to as Apung Iru.
LESSON 4 : PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
- from the Latin architectura which comes from the
Greek word arkhitekton. Arkhi means “chief” and
tekton means “builder, carpenter, or mason”
- It is “the art and science of building”
FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
- It is the type of architecture specific to the
Philippines and the Filipinos.
- architecture and buildings designed by Filipinos
- architecture that responds to the needs,
conditions, hopes, and dreams of Filipinos
TYPES OF ARCHITECTURE
1. RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE - where people live
2. COMMERCIAL ARCHITECTURE - where people
conduct business, do work, or have fun (e.g.
offices, malls, ETC)
3. INSTITUTIONAL ARCHITECTURE - where specific
programs or organizations are housed (e.g. schools,
hospitals, etc.
EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE
PRE-HISPANIC ERA
- The earliest records of precolonial architecture in
the Philippines are rock shelters and caves in
Palawan.
- During the ancient times, early Filipinos are known
to be nomadic
- The development of tools helped them to create
tent-like shelters and tree houses that served as
their abode.
- Natives’ houses were rectangular in shape and built
on stilts so it may be lifted and be transported to a
new site.
● TREE HOUSE - mostly built by tribes of Luzon and
some islands in South Luzon
● BAHAY KUBO (NIPA HUT) - common design and
found all over the country
● BALE / FALE - Igorot housing in northern Luzon
Island
● GONO - from Tboli tribe, Eastern & South Eastern
region of Mindanao
● TOROGAN HOUSE - housing of Maranaoans,
Mindanao
SPANISH COLONIAL ERA
SPANISH COLONIAL INFLUENCE – chinese, Islamic/Moorish,
Romanesque, baroque, gothic, antilean
ANTILLEAN
- The ANTILLEAN style of architecture was
introduced.
- European (but originated from Central America and
not Spain)
- tweaked to suit the tropical climate of the
Philippines
- had its own Filipino and unique character
ARCHITECTURE OF CHURCHES
- Catholicism is the symbol of Spain’s major
endowment in the Philippines.
- The most glorious colonial churches are found in:
- ❖ Panay ❖ Cebu ❖ Bohol ❖ Ilocos Regions ❖
Laguna ❖ Batangas
- crafted with Asian Moorish style and elements
 - Chinese and Muslim elements in architectural style
became part of the Catholic Church structures.

BAROQUE INFLUENCE

- features prominent domes and towers, which serve

as focal points and symbols of grandeur
- embraced curvilinear forms, including curves,
ovals, and ellipses, in both the plan and elevation
of their buildings
- feature dynamic and dramatic forms, with curving
or undulating façades, sweeping staircases, and
dramatic
- elaborate ornamentation and decoration
- employed illusionistic techniques, such as
trompe-l'œil painting and forced perspective, to
create the illusion of depth, space, and movement
- Construction of churches was mainly influenced by
the environmental conditions of the country (e.g.
natural disasters, fire, and attacks)

CHINESE INFLUENCE

- red air-dried bricks (mixture of coral lime and/or

loam and sugar cane juice)
- lion figures made of granite

MOORISH AND ISLAMIC INFLUENCE

- deeply incised relief carvings of church facades and

its interior
- evident in mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts
- large domes, minarets, and courtyards convey
power