Chapter 18 - Binomial Theorem

Exercise: 18.1

Page Number.: 18.11

Question 1:

Solution:

5
(i)  2 x  3 y 

 5C0 (2 x)5 (3 y )0  5C1 (2 x )4 (3 y )1  5C2 (2 x )3 (3 y ) 2  5C3 (2 x) 2 (3 y )3  5C4 (2 x)1 (3 y ) 4  5C5 (2 x)0 (3 y )5

 32 x5  5 16 x 4  3 y  10  8 x3  9 y 2  10  4 x 2  27 y 3  5  2 x  81y 4  243 y 5
 32 x5  240 x 4 y  720 x 3 y 2  1080 x 2 y 3  810 xy 4  243 y 5

(ii) (2x − 3y)4

 4C0 (2 x)4 (3 y )0  4C1 (2 x)3 (3 y )1  4C2 (2 x)2 (3 y )2  4C3 (2 x)1 (3 y )3  4C4 (2 x)0 (3 y ) 4
 16 x 4  4  8 x 3  3 y  6  4 x 2  9 y 2  4  2 x  27 y 3  81y 4
 16 x 4  96 x3 y  216 x 2 y 2  216 xy 3  81y 4

(iii)
6
 1
x 
 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 6C0 x 6    6C1 x5    6C2 x 4    6C3 x3    6C4 x 2   6 C5 x1    6C6 x0  
 x  x  x  x  x x  x
1 1 1 1 1 1
 x 6  6 x 5   15 x 4  2  20 x 3  3  15 x 2  4  6 x  5  6
x x x x x x
15 6 1
 x 6  6 x 4  15 x 2  20  2  4  6
x x x

7
(iv) 1  3x 
 7C0 (3 x) 0  7C1 (3 x)1  7C2 (3 x) 2  7C3 (3 x)3  7C4 (3 x) 4  7C5 (3 x)5  7C6 (3 x)6  7C7 (3 x) 7
 1  7  3 x  21  9 x 2  35  27 x 3  35  81x 4  21  243 x 5  7  729 x 6  2187 x 7

 1  21x  189 x 2  945 x 3  2835 x 4  5103 x 5  5103 x 6  2187 x 7

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 b
(v) (ax  ) 6
x

b b b
 6C0 ( ax) 6 ( ) 0  6C1 ( ax)5 ( )1  6C2 (ax) 4 ( ) 2
x x x
b b b b
 6C3 ( ax)3 ( )3  6C4 (ax ) 2 ( ) 4  6C5 (ax)1 ( )5  6C6 (ax) 0 ( )6
x x x x
2 3 4
b b b b b5 b 6
 a 6 x 6  6a 5 x 5   15a 4 x 4  2  20a 3b3  3  15a 2 x 2  4  6ax  5  6
x x x x x x

a 2b 4 ab5 b 6
 a 6 x 6  6a 5 x 4b  15a 4 x 2b 2  20a 3b3  15  6 
x2 x4 x6

6
 x a
(vi)   
 a x 

6 0 5 1 4 2
6
 x  a 6  x  a 6  x  a
 C0      C1      C2    
 a  x  a  x  a  x
3 3 2 4 1 5 0 6
6
 x  a 6  x  a 6  x  a 6  x  a
 C3      C4      C5      C6    
 a  x  a  x  a  x  a  x
x3 x2 x a a 2 a3
 3  6 2  15  20  15  6 2  3
a a a x x x

(vii)

 6C0 ( 3 x )6 ( 3 a )0  6C1 ( 3 x )5 ( 3 a )1  6C2 ( 3 x )4 ( 3 a )2

 6C3 ( 3 x )3 ( 3 a )3  6C4 ( 3 x ) 2 ( 3 a )4  6C5 ( 3 x )1 ( 3 a )5  6C6 ( 3 x )0 ( 3 a )6

 x 2  6 x 5/3 a1/3  15 x 4/3 a 2/3  20 xa  15 x 2/3 a 4/3  6 x1/3 a 5/3  a 2

(viii) (1  2 x  3 x 2 )5

Consider 1  2 x and 3 x 2 as two separate entities and apply the binomial theorem.
Now,

5
C0 (1  2 x)5 (3 x) 0  5C1 (1  2 x) 4 (3 x 2 )1  5C2 (1  2 x)3 (3 x 2 ) 2  5C3 (1  2 x) 2 (3 x 2 )3  5C4 (1  2 x)1 (3 x 2 ) 4  5C5 (1  2
 (1  2 x)5  5(1  2 x) 4  3x 2  10  (1  2 x)3  9 x 4  10  (1  2 x) 2  27 x 6  5 1  2 x   81x8  243x10
 5C0  (2 x) 0  5C1  (2 x)1  5C2  (2 x) 2  5C3  (2 x)3  5C4  (2 x) 4  5C5  (2 x )5 

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15 x 2 [ 4C0 (2 x) 0  4C1 (2 x )1  4C2 (2 x) 2  4C3 (2 x )3  4C4  2 x) 4  

90 x 4 1  8 x 3  6 x  12 x 2   270 x 6 1  4 x 2  4 x   405 x8  810 x 9  243 x10

 1  10 x  40 x 2  80 x 3  80 x 4  32 x 5  15 x 2  120 x3  3604  480 x 5  240 x 6 

90 x 4  720 x 7  540 x 5  1080 x 6  270 x 6  1080 x8  1080 x 7  405 x8  810 x 9  243x10

 1  10 x  25 x 2  40 x3  190 x 4  92 x 5  570 x 6  360 x 7  675 x8  810 x9  243 x10

1
(ix) ( x  1  )3
x

1 1 1 1
 3C0 ( x  1)3 ( )0  3C1 ( x  1) 2 ( )1  3C2 ( x  1)1 ( )2  3C3 ( x  1)0 ( )3
x x x x

1 x 1 1
 ( x  1)3  3( x  1) 2   3 2  3
x x x
2
3x  3  6 x x 1 1
 x3  1  3x  3x 2  3 2  3
x x x

3 3 3 1
 x3  1  3x  3x 2  3x   6   2  3
x x x x
3 1
 x3  3x 2  5  2  3
x x

(x) (1  2 x  3 x 2 )3
 3C0 (1  2 x)3  3C1 (1  2 x)2  3x 2   3C2 1  2 x  (3x 2 ) 2  3C3 (3x 2 )3
 (1  2 x)3  9 x 2 (1  2 x) 2  27 x 4 1  2 x   27 x 6

 1  8 x3  12 x 2  6 x  9 x 2 1  4 x 2  4 x   27 x 4  54 x 5  27 x 6
 1  8 x3  12 x 2  6 x  9 x 2  36 x 4  36 x3  27 x 4  54 x 5  27 x 6

 1  6 x  21x 2  44 x 3  63 x 4  54 x 5  27 x 6

Question 2:

Solution:

(i)

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( x  1  x  1) 6  ( x  1  x  1) 6
 2[ 6C0 ( x  1)6 ( x  1)0  6C2 ( x  1) 4 ( x  1) 2  6C4 ( x  1) 2 ( x  1) 4  6C6 ( x  1)0  x  1)6 
 2[( x  1)3  15( x  1) 2  x  1  15  x  1 ( x  1) 2  ( x  1)3
 2  x 3  1  3x  3x 2  15  x 2  2 x  1  x  1  15  x  1  x 2  1  2 x   x3  1  3x  3x 2 

 2  2 x3  6 x  15 x3  15 x 2  30 x 2  30 x  15 x  15  15 x 3  15 x 2  30 x 2  30 x  15 x  15
 2 32 x3  24 x 
 16 x  4 x 2  3

(ii)

( x  x 2  1)6  ( x  x 2  1)6
 2[ 6C0 x 6 ( x 2  1)0  6C2 x 4 ( x 2  1) 2  6C4 x 2 ( x 2  1) 4  6C6 x 0  x 2  1)6 


 2[ x 6  15 x 4  x 2  1  15 x 2 ( x 2  1)2   x 2  1)3 

 2  x 6  15 x 6  15 x 4  15 x 2  x 4  2 x 2  1   x 6  1  3x 2  3x 4  

 2  x 6  15 x 6  15 x 4  15 x 6  30 x 4  15 x 2  x 6  1  3 x 2  3 x 4 
 64 x 6  96 x 4  36 x 2  2

(iii)

(1  2 x )5  (1  2 x )5
 2[ 5C0 (2 x )0  5C2 (2 x )2  5C4 2 x ) 4  
 2 1  10  4 x  5 16 x 2 
 2 1  40 x  80 x 2 

(iv)
( 2  1)6  ( 2  1) 6
 2[ 6C0 ( 2)6  6C2 ( 2) 4  6C4 ( 2)2  6C6  2)0 

 2 8  15  4  15  2  1
 2  99  198

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(v)
(3  2)5  (3  2)5  2  5C1  34  ( 2)1  5C3  32  ( 2)3  5C5  30  ( 2)5 

 2 5  81 2  10  9  2 2  4 2  2 2  405  180  4   1178 2

(vi)
(2  3)7  (2  3)7
 2[ 7C0  27  ( 3)0  7C2  25  ( 3) 2  7C4  23  ( 3) 4  7C6  21   3)6 
 2 128  21 32  3  35  8  9  7  2  27 
 2 128  2016  2520  378
 2  5042  10084

(vii)
( 3  1)5  ( 3  1)5
 2[ 5C1  ( 3)4  5C3  ( 3) 2  5C5   3)0 
 2 5  9  10  3  1
 2  76
 152

(viii)
(0.99)5  (1.01)5  (1  0.01)5  (1  0.01)5
 2[ 5C0 (0.01)0  5C2 (0.01)2  5C4  0.01) 4 
 2 1  10  0.0001  5  0.00000001
 2 1.00100005
 2.0020001

(ix)
( 3  2)6  ( 3  2)6  2[ 6C1 ( 3)5 ( 2)1  6C3 ( 3)3 ( 2)3  6C5 ( 3)1 ( 2)5 ]
 2 6  9 3  2  20  3 3  2 2  6  3  4 2  2 6  54  120  24  

 396 6

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( x)
4 4

  
a2  a2  1  a2  a2 1 
 2[ 4C0 (a 2 ) 4 ( a 2  1)0  4C2 (a 2 ) 2 ( a 2  1)2  4C4 (a 2 )0  a 2  1)4 

 2[a8  6a 4  a 2  1   a 2  1)2 
 2  a 8  6a 6  6a 4  a 4  1  2a 2 
 2a 8  12a 6  10a 4  4a 2  2

Question 3:

Solution:

The expression (a  b) 4  (a  b)4 can be written as

(a  b) 4  (a  b)4  2  4C1 a 3b1  4C3 a1b3 

 2  4a3b  4ab3 
 8  a 3b  ab3 

Putting a  3 and b  2, we get :

( 3  2)4  ( 3  2)4  8[( 3)3  2  3   2)3 


8 3 6 2 6 
 40 6
 ( 3  2)4  ( 3  2)4  40 6

Question 4:

Solution:

6 6
The expression  x  1   x  1 can be written as
( x  1)6  ( x  1)6
 2  6C0 x 6  6C2 x 4  6C4 x 2  6C6 x 0 
 2  x 6  15 x 4  15 x 2  1

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By taking x  2 , we get:
( 2  1)6  ( 2  1)6  2[( 2)6  15( 2)4  15  2)2  1
 2 8  15  4  15  2  1
 2   8  60  30  1
 198

Question 5:

Solution:

3
 i   96 
 (100  4)3
 3C0  1003  40  3C1 1002  41  3C2 1001  4 2  3C3  1000  43
 1000000  120000  4800  64
 884736

5
 ii  102 
 (100  2)5
 5C0  1005  20  5C1  1004  21  5C2 1003  2 2  5C3 1002  23  5C4  1001  24  5C5  1000  25
 10000000000  1000000000  40000000  800000  8000  32
 11040808032

4
 iii 101
 (100  1) 4
 4C0 1004  4C1  1003  4C2  1002  4C3  1001  4C4 1000
 100000000  4000000  60000  400  1
 104060401

5
 iv  98 
(100  2)5
 5C0 1005  20  5 C1  1004  21  5C2 1003  22  5C3 1002  23  5C4 1001  24  5C5 1000  25
 10000000000  1000000000  40000000  800000  8000  32
 9039207968

Question 6:

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Solution:

23 n  7 n  1  8n  7 n  1 …(1)

Now,

8n  (1  7) n
 nC0  nC1  71  nC2  7 2  nC3  73  nC4  7 4  ...  nCn  7 n
 8n  1  7 n  49  nC2  nC3  71  nC4  7 2  ...  nCn  7 n  2 
 8n  1  7 n  49   An integer 
Now,
8n  1  7 n is divisible by 49
Or ,
23n  1  7 n is divisible by 49  From 1 

Question 7:

Solution:

32 n 2  8n  9  9n1  8n  9 ... 1

Consider

n 1
9 n 1  1  8   9n 1  n 1
C0  80  n 1C1  81  n 1
C2  82  n 1C3  83  ...  n 1
Cn 1  8n 1

 9n 1  1  8  n  1   n 1C2  82  n 1C3  83  ...  n 1Cn 1  8n 1 

 9n 1  8n  9  64  n 1C2  n 1C3  81  ...  n 1Cn1  8n1 
 9n 1  8n  9  64  An integer
9n1  8n  9 is divisible by 64
Or ,
32 n 2  8n  9 is divisible by 64  From 1 
Hence proved .

Question 8:

Solution:

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33n  26n  1  27 n  26n  1 ... 1

Now, we have :
27 n  (1  26) n
On expanding , we get
(1  26)n  nC0  260  nC1  261  nC2  262  nC3  263  nC4  264  ... nCn  26n
 27 n  1  26n  262  nC2  nC3  261  nC4  262  ... nCn  26n  2 
 27 n  26n  1  676  an integer
27 n  26n  1 is divisible by 676
Or ,
33n  26n  1 is divisible by 676  From 1 

Question 9:

Solution:

We have:
(1.1)10000

 (1 0.1)10000
0
 10000C0   0.1  10000C1  (0.1)1  10000C2  (0.1) 2  ...10000C10000  (0.1)10000
 110000 0.1  other positive terms
 110000  other positive terms
 10001  other positive terms
10001  1000
 (1.1)10000  1000

Question 10:

Solution:

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We have:
(1.2)4000
 (1  0.2) 4000  4000C0  4000C1  (0.2)1  4000C2  (0.2) 2  ... 4000C4000  (0.2) 4000
 1  4000  0.2  other positive terms
 1  800  other positive terms
 801  other positive terms
 801  800

Question 11:

Solution:

(1.01)10  (1  0.01)10
 (1  0.01)10  (1  0.01)10
 2[ 10C0  (0.01)0  10C2  (0.01) 2  10C4  (0.01)4  10C6  (0.01)6  10C8  (0.01)8  10C10   0.01)10 
 2 1  45  0.0001  210  0.00000001  ...
 2 1  0.0045  0.00000210  ...
 2.0090042  ...

Hence, the value of (1.01)10 + (1 - 0.01)10 correct to 7 places of decimal is 2.0090042

Question 12:

Solution:

We have,
2 4 n  4  15n  16  24 n 1  15n  16
 16n 1  15n  16
n 1
 1  15   15n  16
 n 1 C0 150  n1 C1 151  n 1 C2 152  ...  n 1 Cn 1 15n 1  15n  16
 1   n  115  n 1 C2 152  ...  n 1 Cn 1 15n 1  15n  16
 1  15n  15  n 1 C2 152  ...  n 1 Cn 1 15n 1  15n  16
 n 1 C2 152  ...  n 1 Cn 1 15n 1
 152  n1 C2  ...  n1 Cn 1 15n 1 
 225  n 1 C2  ...  n 1 Cn 1 15n 1 

Thus, 24 n  4  15n  16 where n N is divisible by 225.

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Exercise: 18.2

Page Number: 18.37

Question 1.

Solution:

Given:
25
 1 
 2x  2 
 x 
Clearly, the given expression contains 26 terms.

So, the 11th term from the end is the (26 − 11 + 1)th term from the beginning. In other
words, the 11th term from the end is the 16th term from the beginning.

Thus, we have:
15
25 25 15  1 
T16  T151  C15 (2 x)  2
x 
 1   210 
 25C15  210  x10   30    25C15  20 
x  x 

Now, we will find the 11th term from the beginning.

T11  T101
10
 1 
 25C10 (2 x) 2510  2 
x 
z 25  1 
 C10  215  x15   20 
x 
 215 
 25C10  5 
x 

Question 2.

Solution:

We need to find the 7th term of the given expression.

Let it be T7

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Now, we have
6
10  1 
2 10  6
 C6 (3x )  3 
x 
 1 
 10C6  34  x8   18 
z x 
10  9  8  7  81

4  3  2  x10
17010
 10
x

17010
Thus, the 7th term of the given expression is
x10

Question 3.

Solution:

Given:
10
 1 
 3x  2 
 x 

Clearly, the expression has 6 terms.

The 5th term from the end is the (11 − 5 + 1)th, i.e., 7th, term from the beginning.
Thus, we have:

T7  T61
6
 1 
 10C6 (3x)106  2 
x 
z  1 
 10C6  34  x 4   12 
x 
10  9  8  7  81 17010
 
4  3  2  1 x 8 x8

Question 4.

Solution:

We need to find the 8th term in the given expression.

 T8  T71

T8  10C7 ( x 3/2 y1/2 )107 ( x1/ 2 y 3/2 )7

10  9  8 9/2 3/2 7/2 21/2
 x y x y 
3 2
 120 x8 y12

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Question 5.

Solution:

We need to find the 7th term in the given expression.

 T7  T61

T7  T61
86 6
 4x   5 
 8C6    
 5   2x 
8  7  4  4 125  125 2  1 
 x  6
2 1 25  64 x 
4375
 4
x

Question 6.

Solution:

Let Tr+1 be the 4th term from the end.

Then, Tr+1 is (10 − 4 + 1)th, i.e., 7th, term from the beginning.

 T7  T61  C6  x
9 96
  2x 
9  8  7 3  64 
z
3 2
 x   x6 
5376
 3
x

4th term from the beginning T4  T31

3
2
T4  C3  x   
9 93

 x
9 8 7 6  8 

3 2
 x   x3 
 672 x3

Question 7.

Solution:

Let Tr+1 be the 4th term from the end of the given expression.
Then,
Tr+1 is (10 − 4 + 1)th term, i.e., 7th term, from the beginning.

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Thus, we have:
9 6 6
 4x   5 
T7  T61  9C6    
 5   2x 
9  8  7  64 3  125 125 
z  x  
3  2  125  64 x 6 
10500

x3

Question 8.

Solution:

Let Tr+1 be the 7th term from the end in the given expression.
Then, we have:
Tr+1 = (9 − 7 + 1) = 3rd term from the beginning
Now,
2
8 2 8 2  3 
T3  T21  C2 (2 x )  
 2x 
8 7 9
z
2 1
 64 x12  2
4x
10
 4032 x

Question 9.

Solution:

(i) Suppose x10 occurs in the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.

Then, we have:

Tr 1  nCr x n  r a r

r
 1 
Tr 1  20Cr (2 x 2 ) 20 r  
 x 
 (1) r 20Cr  2 20 r  x 40 2 r  r 
For this term to contain x10 , we must have :
40  3r  10
 3r  30
 r  10
 Coefficient of x10  (1)10 20
C10  22010   20C10  210 

(ii) Suppose x7 occurs at the (r + 1) th term in the given expression.

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Then, we have:
r
40  1 
40  r
Tr 1  Cr x  2 
x 
 (1) Cr x 40 r  2 r
r 40

For this term to contain x 7 , we must have :

40  3r  7
 3r  40  7  33
 r  11
 Coefficient of x 7  (1)11 40C11   40C11

(iii) Suppose x−15 occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.
Then, we have:
r
10 2 10  r  a 
Tr 1  Cr (3x )  3
 3x 

 Tr 1  ( 1) r 10Cr  310  r  r  x 20  2 r 3 r  a r 

For this termto contain x 15 , we must have :

20  5r  15
 5r  20  15
r 7
 Coefficient of x 15  ( 1)7 C7 31014  a 7 
10

10  9  8 7
 a
3 2  9  9
40
  a7
27

(iv) Suppose x9 occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the above expression.

Then, we have:

r
9 2 9 r  1 
Tr 1  Cr ( x )  
 3x 
1
 (1)r 9Cr  x18 2 r  r   r 
3 
9
For this term to contain x , we must have :
18  3r  9
 3r  9
r 3
1 9  8  7 28
 Coefficient of x 9  (1)3 9C3 3
 
3 299 9

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(v)
Suppose xm occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.

Then, we have:

1
Tr 1  nCr x n  r
xr
 n Cr x n  2 r
For this term to contain x m , we must have :
n  2r  m
 r   n  m / 2
n!
 Coefficient of x m  nC n  m  /2 
 nm nm
 !  !
 2   2 

(vi) Suppose x occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.

Then, we have:

1  2 x  3x  1  1x 
3 5

2 3 4 5 6 7
8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 
 1  2 x  3x   C0  C1    C2    C3    C4    C5    C6    C7    C8 
3 5 8
 x x x x x x  x 

4
 1  1
x occurs in the above expresssion at  2 x3 . 8C2  2   3 x5 . 8C4   .
x   x
 8!   8! 
 Coefficient of x  2    3   56  210  154
 2! 6!   4! 4! 

(vii)
Suppose a5 b7 occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.

Then, we have:

Tr 1  12Cr a12 r (2b) r

 (1)r 12Cr  a12 r   br  2r 
For this term to contain a 5 b7 , we must have :
12  r  5
 r7
12 11 10  9  8 128
 Required coefficient  (1)7 12C7  27     101376
5 4  3 2

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(viii)

Suppose x occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.

Then we have,

16
1  3x  7 x  1  x 
2

2 3 4 5 6
 1  3 x  7 x  ( C 
2 16
0
16
C1   x   16C2   x   16C3   x   16C4   x  16 C5   x   16C6   x 
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 16C7   x   16C8   x   16C9   x   16C10   x   16C11   x   16C12   x   16C13   x 
14 15 16
 16C14   x   16C15   x   16C16   x  )
x occurs in the above expresssion at 16C1   x   3 x 16C0 .
 16!   16! 
 Coefficient of x      3   16  3   19
 1!15!   0!16! 

Question 10.

Solution:

Suppose Tr+1th term in the given expression contains x and y to one and the same
power.
Then,

Tr 1 th term is

21 r r
 x 1/3   y 
1/2

21
Cr      1/3  
 y    x  
 
 21 r  /3
 x  y r /2 
 21Cr  
 
y  21 r  /6 
r /6
 x 
7  r /2 2 r /3 7/2
 21Cr  x   y
Now, if x and y have the same power , then
r 2r 7
7  
2 3 2
2r r 7
  7
3 2 2
7 r 21
 
6 2
r 9
Hence, the required term is the10th term

Question 11.

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Solution:

Suppose x9 occurs in the given expression at the (r + 1)th term.

Then, we have:
r
20 2 20  r  1 
Tr 1  Cr (2 x )  
 x 
20 r 40  2 r  r
 (1) r 20Cr  2   x
For this term to contain x 9 , we must have
40  3r  9
 3r  31
31
r
3
It is not possible, as r is not an integer.

Hence, there is no term with x9 in the given expression.

Question 12.

Solution:

Suppose x-1 occurs at the (r + 1)th term in the given expression.

Then,
r
1
Tr 1  12Cr ( x 2 )12 r    12Cr x 24 2 r  r
x
For this termto contain x 1 , we must have
24  3r  1
 3r  25
25
r
3
It is not possible, as r is not aninteger.

12
 1
Hence, the expansion of  x 2   does not contain any term involving x-1.
 x

Question 13.

Solution:

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(i) Here,
n = 20 (Even number)
Now,
T11  T101
2010 10
z  20C10  2 x   3 
 
3   2x 
210 310
 20C10 10  10 x1010  20C10
3 2

(ii) Here,
n = 12 (Even number)
n 
Therefore, the middle term is the   1 th i.e. 7th term
2 
Now,
12  6
12 a
T7  T6 1 C6   (bx)6
 x
12 6 6
 C6 a b
12 1110  9  8  7 6 6
 a b
6  5 4  3 2
 924 a 6b 6

(iii) Here,
n = 10 (Even number)
n 
Therefore, the middle term is the   1 th i.e. 6th term
2 
Now,
T6  T51
5
10  2 
2 10 5
 C5 ( x )  
 x 
10  9  8  7  6
  32 x5
5  4  3 2
 8064 x5

(iv) Here,
n = 10 (Even number)

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 n 
Therefore, the middle term is the   1 th i.e. 6th term
2 
Now,
T6  T51
10 5 5
 x   a 
 10C5    
a  x 
10  9  8  7  6

5 4  3 2
 252

Question 14.

Solution:

(i) Here, n, i.e. 9, is an odd number.

 n 1   n 1 
Thus, the middle terms are   th and   1 th, i.e. 5th and 6th
 2   2 
Now,
4
9   x3 
94
T5  T41  C4 (3 x)  
 6 
9 8 7  6 1
  27  9  x17
4  3 2 36  36
189 17
 x
8
and ,
T6  T51
5
9   x3 
9 5
 C5 (3x)  
 6 
98 7 6 1
  81 x19
4  3 2 216  36
21
  x19
16

(ii) Here, n, i.e., 7, is an odd number.

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  7 1  7 1 
Thus, the middle terms are   th and   1 th i.e. 4th and 5th
 2   2 
Now,
T4  T31
3
 1 
 7C3 (2 x 2 )7 3  
 x 
765 1
  16 x8  3
3 2 x
 560 x 5
And ,
T5  T41
4
7 2 74  1 
 C4 (2 x )  
 x 
1
 35  8  x 6  4
x
 280 x 2

(iii)
Given :
n, i.e.15 is an odd number.
 15  1   15  1 
Thus, the middle terms are   th and   1 th i.e.8th and 9th.
 2   2 
Now,
T8  T7 1
7
 2 
 15C7 (3x)157  2 
x 
15 14 13  12  11 10  9 8 7 814
 3 2 x
7  6  5  4  3 2
6435  38  27

x6
And ,
T9  T81
8
 2 
 15C8 (3x)158  2 
x 
15 14 13 12 1110  9 7 8
  3  2  x 7 16
7  6  5 4  3 2
6435  37  28

x9

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(iv)
Here, n, i.e., 11, is an odd number.
 11  1   11  1 
Thus, the middle terms are   th and   1 th i.e. 6th and 7th.
 2   2 
Now,
T6  T51
5
11  1 
4 115
 C5 ( x )  3 
x 
11 10  9  8  7 24 15
   x
5 4  3 2
 462 x 9
And ,
T7  T61
6
 1 
 11C6 ( x 4 )116  3 
x 
11 10  9  8  7 20 18
  x
5  4  3 2
 462 x 2

Question 15.

Solution:

(i)
10
 1
 x   Here, nis an even number.
 x
 10 
Middleterm    1 th  6thterm
 2 
Now, we have
T6  T51
5
 1 
 10C5 x105  
 x 
10  9  8  7  6

5 4  3 2
 252

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(ii)
(1  2 x  x 2 )n
 (1  x )2 n
n is an even number.
 2n 
 Middle term    1 th   n  1 th term
 2 
Now, we have
Tn 1  2 nCn (1) n ( x )n


 2n ! (1)n xn
2
(n !)

(iii)
(1  3x  3 x 2  x3 ) 2 n
 (1  x)6 n
Here, n is an even number.
 6n 
 Middle term    1  th   3n  1 th term
 2 
Now, we have
T3n1
 6 nC3n x3n


 6n  ! x3n
(3n !)2

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(iv)
9
 x2 
 2 x  
 4
Here, n is an odd number.
 n 1   n 1 
Therefore, the middle terms are   th and   1 th, i.e. 5th and 6th terms.
 2   2 
Now, we have
T5  T41
4
9   x2 
94
 C4 (2 x)  
 4 
9  8  7  6 5 1 5 8
 2 4 x
4  3 2 4
63 13
 x
4
And ,
T6  T51
5
9   x2 
9 5
 C5 (2 x)  
 4 
9  8  7  6 4 1 410
 2 5 x
4  3 2 4
63 14
 x
32

(v)
2 n 1
 1
x 
 x
Here,  2n  1 is an odd number.
 2n  1  1   2n  1  1 
Therefore, the middle terms are   th and   1 th i.e.  n  1 th and  n  2  th terms.
 2   2 
Now, we have :
Tn 1
2 n 1 (1) n
 Cn x 2 n 1 n 
xn
 (1) n 2 n 1
Cn x
And ,
Tn  2  Tn11
2 n 1 (1) n 1
 Cn1 x 2 n1 n 1
x n 1
1
 (1) n1 2 n 1Cn 1 
x

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(vi)
10
x 
 9y
3 
Here, n is an even number.
 10 
Therefore, the middle term is   1 th, i.e., 6th term.
 2 
Now, we have
T6  T51
10 5
10  x
 C5   (9 y )5
3
10  9  8  7  6 1
  5  95  x 5 y 5
5 4  3 2 3
5 5
 61236 x y

(vii)
7
 x3 
 3  
 6
Here, n is an odd number.
 7 1   7 1 
Therefore, the middle terms are   th and   1 th, i.e., 4th and 5th terms.
 2   2 
Now, we have
T4  T31
3
7 7 3   x3 
 C3  3  
 6 
105 9
 x
8
And ,
T5  T41
4
9 4   x3 
 9C4  3  
 6 
7  6  5 5 1 12
 3  4 x
3 2 6
35 12
 x
48

(viii)

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 12
 b 
 2ax  2 
 x 
Here, n is an even number.
th
 12 
 Middle term    1  7th term
 2 
Now, we have
T7  T61
6
12  6  b 
 12C6  2ax   2
x 
6
12  1110  9  8  7  2ab 
  
6  5  4  3  2 1  x 
59136 a 6b 6

x6

(ix)

9
p x
  
 x p
Here, n is an odd number.
th th
 9 1   9 1 
Therefore, the middle terms are   and   1 , i.e., 5th and 6th terms.
 2   2 
Now, we have
T5  T41
94 4
9 p x
 C4    
x  p
98 7  6  p 
  
4  3  2 1  x 
126 p

x

And ,
T6  T51
9 5 5
9 p x
 C5    
x  p
98 7  6  x 
  
4  3  2 1  p 
126 x

p

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(x)

10
x a
  
a x
Here, n is an even number.
th
 10 
 Middle term    1  6th term
 2 
Now, we have
T6  T51
10 5 5
10  x  a 
 C5    
a  x 
10  9  8  7  6

5  4  3  2 1
 252

Question 16.

Answer :

(i) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.

9
3 2 1 
 x  
2 3x 
9 r r
 3   1 
Tr 1  9Cr  x 2   
 2   3x 
39 2 r
 (1)r 9Cr . 9 r  x18 2 r  r
2
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
18  3r  0
 3r  18
r 6
Hence, the required term is the 7th term.
Now, we have
9 3912
C6 
296
9  8  7 3 3
 3 2
3 2
7

18

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(ii) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.
Now,
9
 1 
 2 x  
 3x 2 
r
 1 
Tr 1  9Cr (2 x)9 r  2 
 3x 
9r
2
 9Cr . r x 9 r  2 r
3
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
9  3r  0
r 3
Hence, the required term is the 4th term.
Now, we have
9 26
C3
33
64
 9C3 
27

(iii) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.

Now,
25
 2 3
 2x  3 
 x 
r
25  3 
2 25 r
Tr 1  Cr (2 x )  3
x 
 (1) Cr  2  3r x 50 2 r 3r
r 25 25  r

For this term to be independent of x, we must have :

50  5r  0
 r  10
Therefore, the required term is the11th term.
Now, we have
(1)10 25C10  22510  310
 25C10  215  310 

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(iv) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.
Now,
15
 2
 3x  2 
 x 
r
 2 
Tr 1  15Cr (3x)15 r  2 
x 
 (1) Cr  3  2r x15 r  2 r
r 15 15 r

For this term to be independent of x, we must have

15  3r  0
r 5
Hence, the required term is the 6th term.
Now, we have :
(1)5 15C5 .3155 . 25
 3003  310  25

(v) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.

Now,
10
 x 3 
  2 
 3 2x 
10  r r
10
 x  3 
Tr 1  Cr    2
 3  2x 
10  r
r 10  r
2
3 2r
 10Cr . x 2
2r
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
10  r
 2r  0
2
 10  5r  0
r2
Hence, the required term is the 3rd term.
Now, we have
10  2
2
2
10 3
C2 
22
10  9

2 49
5

4

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(vi) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.
Now,
3n

x  1x  2

r
3n 3nr  1 
Tr 1  Cr x  2
x 
 (1) r 3nCr x 3n  r  2 r
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
3n  3r  0
r  n
Hence, the required term is the  n  1 th term.
Now, we have
(1)n 3nCn

(vii) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.

Now,
8
 1 1/3 1/5 
 x x 
2 
8 r
1 
Tr 1  Cr  x1/3 
8
( x 1/5 ) r
2 
8 r r
1 
 8Cr . x 3 5
28 r
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
8r r
 0
3 5
 40  5r  3r  0
 8r  40
r 5
Hence, the required term is the 6th term.
Now, we have :
8 1
C5  85
2
8 7  6
 7
3 2  8

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(ix) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.
Now,
18
3 1 
 x 3 
 2 x
r
 1 
Tr 1  18Cr ( x1/3 )18 r  1/3 
2x 
1 183 r  3r
 18Cr  x
2r
For this term to be independent of r , we must have
18  r r
 0
3 3
 18  2r  0
r 9
The term is
18 1
C9 
29

(x) Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expression is independent of x.

Now,
6
3 2 1 
 x  
2 3x 
6r r
 3   1 
Tr 1  Cr  x 2   
6

 2   3x 
r 36 r  r
  1 6Cr  6 r x12 2 r  r
2
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
12  3r  0
r4
Hence, the required term is the 4th term.
6 36 4 4
C4 
26  4
65

2 1 4  9
5

12

Question 17.

Answer :

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Given :
(1  x)18
We know that the coefficient of the rth term in the expansion of (1  x)n is nCr 1
Therefore, the coefficients of the  2r  4  th and  r  2  th terms in the given
expansion are 18C2 r  41 and 18Cr  21
For these coefficients to be equal , we must have
18
C2 r 3  18Cr 3
 2r  3  r  3 or , 2r  3  r  3  18  nCr  nCs  r  s or r  s  n 
 r  6 or , r  6
Neglecting negative value We get
r 6

Question 18.

Answer :

Given :  (1  x) 43
We know that the coefficient of the rth term in the expansion of (1  x) n is nCr 1
Therefore, the coefficients of the  2r  1 th and  r  2  th terms in the given expression are
43
C2 r 11 and 43Cr  2 1
For these coefficients to be equal , we must have :

 Cr  Cs  r  s or r  s  n 
n n
 2r  r  1 or , 2r  r  1  43
 r  14  for r  1 it gives the same term 

Question 19.

Answer :

Coefficient of the  r  1 th term in (1  x) n 1 is n 1Cr

Sum of the coefficients of the rth and  r  1 th terms in (1  x) n  nCr 1  nCr
 Cr  nCr 1  nCr 
n 1 n 1
Cr 1 
Hence proved .

Question 20.

Solution:

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Given :
2n
 1
x 
 x
Suppose the term independent of x is the  r  1 th term.
1
Tr 1  2 nCr x 2 n  r r
x
2n 2 n2 r
 Cr x
For this term to be independent of x, we must have :
2n  2r  0
nr
2n
 Required coefficient  Cn


 2n  !
(n !)2


1·3·5...  2n  3 2n  12·4·6... 2n  2  2n 
(n !)2


1·3·5...  2n  3 2n  1 2 n

n!

Question 21.

Solution:

Coefficients of the 5th, 6th and 7th terms in the given expansion are nC4 , nC5 and nC6
These coefficients are in AP.
Thus, we have
2 nC5  nC4  nC6
On dividing both sides by nC5 , we get :
n
C4 nC6
2 n

C5 nC5
5 n 5
2 
n4 6
 12n  48  30  n 2  4n  5n  20
 n 2  21n  98  0
  n  14  n  7   0
 n  7 or 14

Question 22.

Solution:

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Given :
(1  x)2 n
Thus, we have :
T2  T11
 2 nC1 x1

T3  T21
 2 n C2 x 2

T4  T31
 2 nC3 x 3
We have coefficients of the 2nd , 3rd and 4th terms in AP.
 2  2 nC2   2 nC1  2 nC3
2n
C1 2 nC3
2 2n

C2 2 nC2
2 2n  2
2 
2n  1 3
 12n  6  6  4n 2  4n  2n  2
 4n 2  18n  14  0
 2n 2  9n  7  0

Hence proved.

Question 23.

Solution:

Suppose the three consecutive terms are

n
C1 , nC2 and nC3
We have :
2  nC2  nC1  nC3
Dividing both sides by nC2 , we get :
n
C1 nC3
2 n

C2 n C2
2 n2
2 
n 1 3
 6n  6  6  n2  2  3n
 n 2  9n  14  0
 n  7  n  2 as 2  3 in the 4th term 

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Question 24.

Solution:

Coefficients of the pth and qth terms are nC p 1 and nCq 1 respectively.
Thus, we have :
n
C p 1  nCq 1
 p  1  q  1 or , p  1  q  1  n  nCr  n Cs  r  s or , r  s  n 
 p  q or , p  q  n  2

Question 25.

Solution:

(3  ax)9
 9C0 .39. (ax)0  9C1 .38. (ax)1  9C2 .37. (ax) 2  9C3 .36. (ax)3  ...

We have coefficients of x2= coefficient of x3

9
C2 37 a 2  9C3 36 a 3
9
C2
a 9
3
C3
9!3!6! 3

2! 7!9!
9

7

Hence proved

Question 26.

Solution:

(1  2a ) 4 (2  a )5
 [ 4C0 (2a )0  4C1 (2a )1  4C2 (2a )2  4C3 (2a )3  4C4  2a )4  

[ 5C0 (2)5 (a )0  5C1 (2)4 ( a )1  5C2 (2)3 ( a )2  5C3 (2) 2 (a )3  5C4 (2)1 (a ) 4  5C5  2)0 ( a )5 
 1  8a  24a 2  32a 3  16a 4  32  80a  80a 2  40a3  10a 4  a5 
Coefficient of a 4  10  320  1920  2560  512  438

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Question 27.

Solution:

Suppose the three consecutive terms are Tr 1 , Tr and Tr 1.

Coefficients of these terms are nCr  2 , nCr 1 and nCr , respectively.
These coefficients are equal to 220, 495 and 792.
n
Cr  2 220
 n

Cr 1 495
r 1 4
 
nr 2 9
 9 r  9  4n  4 r  8
 4n  17  13r ... 1
Also,
n
Cr 792
n

Cr 1 495
n  r 1 8
 
r 5
 5n  5r  5  8r
 5n  5  13r
 5n  5  4n  17  From Eqn 1 
 n  12

Question 28.

Solution:

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Suppose r th ,  r  1 th and (r  2)th terms are the three consecutive terms.
Their respective coefficients are nCr 1 , nCr and nCr 1.
We have :
n
Cr 1  nCr 1  56
 r 1  r  1  n  If nCr  nCs  r  s or r  s  n 
 2r  n
n
r
2
Now,
n
C n  70 and nC n 
 56
2  1
2 
n
C n 
 1 56
2 
 n

Cn 70
2

n
2 8
 
n  10
  1
2 
 5n  4n  8
n8
n
So, r  4
2
Thus, the required terms are 4th, 5th and 6th.

Question 29.

Solution:

We have :
( x  a)n
The 3rd , 4th, 5th and 6th terms are nC2 x n  2 a 2 , nC3 x n 3 a 3 , nC4 x n  4 a 4 and nC5 x n5 a 5 , respectively.
Now,
n
C2 x n  2 a 2  a
n
C3 x n 3 a 3  b
n
C4 x n  4 a 4  c

n
C5 x n 5 a 5  d
b 2  ac
LHS 
c 2  bd

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Question 30.

Solution:

Suppose the binomial expression is (1  x) n .

Then, the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th terms are nC5 x5 , nC6 x 6 , nC7 x 7 and nC8 x8 , respectively.
Now, we have :
n n n
C6 x 6 b C 8 d C 7 c
n
 , n 8 x 7  and n 7 x 6 
C5 x5 a C7 x c C6 x b
n5 b n6 c
  and 
6 a 7 b
n6 c
 7 b
n 5 b
6 a
6n  36 c
 
7 n  35 a

Question 31.

Solution:

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Suppose r ,  r  1 and  r  2  are three consecutive terms in the given expansion.
The coefficients of these terms are nCr 1 , nCr and nCr 1.
According to the question,
n
Cr 1  76
n
Cr  95
n
Cr 1  76
 nCr 1  nCr 1
n n
 r 1 r 1  n  If Cr  Cs  r  s or r  s  n 
n
r
2
n
Cr 95
 n

Cr 1 76
n  r  1 95
 
r 76
n
1
95
2 
n 76
2
95n
 38n  76 
2
19n
  76
2
n8

Question 32.

Solution:

The 6th, 7th and 8th terms in the expansion of ( x  a) n are nC5 x n 5 a5 , nC6 x n 6 a 6
and nC7 x n 7 a 7 .

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 According to the question,
n
C5 x n5 a 5  112
n
C6 x n  6 a 6  7
n 1
C7 x n  7 a 7 
4
Now,
n
C6 x n 6 a 6 7
n n 5 5

C5 x a 112
n  6  1 1 1
 x a
6 16
a 3
  ... 1
x 8n  40
Also,
n
C7 x n 7 a 7 1/ 4
n

C6 x n 6 a 6 7

n  7  1 1 1
 x a
7 28
a 1
  ...  2 
x 4n  24

From 1 and  2  , we get :

3 1

8n  40 4n  24
3 1
 
2n  10 n  6
n8

Question 33.

Solution:

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 n
In the expansion of  x  a  , the 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms are nC1 x n1 a1 , nC2 x n 2 a 2 and nC3 x n3 a3 , respecti
According to the question,
n
C1 x n 1 a1  240
n
C2 x n 2 a 2  720
n
C3 x n3 a 3  1080
n
C2 x n 2 a 2 720
 n

C1 x n1 a1 240
n 1
 a 3
2x
a 6
  ... 1
x n 1
Also,
n
C3 x n3 a 3 1080
n

C2 x n  2 a 2 720
n2 3
 a
3x 2
a 9
  ...  2 
x 2n  4
Using 1 and  2  we get
6 9

n  1 2n  4
n5
Putting in eqn 1 we get
 2a  3 x
3 
Now, 5C1 x 51  x   240
2 
5
 15 x  480
 x 5  32
x2
By putting the value of x and n in 1 we get
a 3

Question 34.

Solution:

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We have :
T1  729, T2  7290 and T3  30375
Now,
n
C0 a n b0  729
 a n  729
 a n  36
n
C1 a n 1 b1  7290
n
C2 a n  2 b 2  30375
Also,
n
C2 a n  2 b 2 30375
n

C1 a n1 b1 7290
n  1 b 25
   ...  i 
2 a 6


 n  1 b  25
a 3
And ,
n
C1 a n 1 b1 7290
n

C0 a n b 0 729
nb 10
  ...  ii 
a 1
On dividing  ii  by  i  , we get
nb
a 10  3

 n  1 b 25
a
n 6
 
n 1 5
n  6
Since, a 6  36
Hence, a  3
nb
Now,  10
a
b5

Question 36:

Solution:

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 1 n
 1 
In the binomial expansion of  y 2  x 3  , there are (n + 1) terms.
 
1 n
 1 
The third term from the end in the expansion of  y 2  x 3  , is the third term from the
 
n
 13 1

beginning in the n expansion of  x  y 2  .
 
The binomial coefficient of the third term from the end = n C2
If is given that the binomial coefficient of the third term from the end is 45.
 nC2  45
n  n  1
  45
2
 n 2  n  90  0
  n  10  n  9   0
 n  10  n cannot be negative 

8 1 1 n
p   2 
Let T6 be the sixth term in the binomial expansion of   2   y  x 3  . Then
2   
n 5 5
n  1  13  10 5 5
2 3
5 5
2 3
T6  C5  y 2  x
   C5 y x  252 y x .
   
1 n 5 5
 1 
Hence, the sixth term in the expansion of  y 2  x 3  is 252 y 2 x 3 .
 

Question 37:

Solution:

8 th
p  8 
In the binomial expansion of   2  , we observe that   1 i.e., 5th term is the
2  2 
middle term.
It is given that the middle term is 1120.
 T5  1120
8 4
 p 4
 8 C4    2  1120
2
4
 p  16
 p  2
Hence, the real values of p is 2 .

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Question 38:

Solution:
n
 1  th
In the binomial expansion of  3 2  3  ,  n  1  7  1 i.e., (n-5)th term from the
 3
th
beginning is 7 term from the end.
Now,
6 n
n6  1  n 2 1
T7  n C6  
3
2 3 
 3
 C6  2 3
 2
3
z And ,
n6
 1 
6 1
n
Tn 5  Cn 6  
3
2 3 
 3
 n C6  2 2  n
2
3
3
It is given that,
T7 1

Tn5 6
n
n 1
2
C6  2 3 
 32  1
n 1 6
C6  2 2  n
2
33
n n
 2 2  2 2 1
 23  33 
6
n
4
1 3 1
  
6 6
n
 4 1
3
n9
Hence, the value of n is 9.

Question 39:

Solution:
n
 1  th
In the binomial expansion of  3 2  3  ,  n  1  7  1 i.e., (n-5)th term from the
 3
th
beginning is 7 term from the end.
Now,

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 6 n
n 6  1  n 2 1
n
T7  C6  23
3 
 3
 C 6  2 3
 2
3
And ,
n 6
6 1  1
Tn 5  n Cn 6   3
2 3 
 3
 n C6  2 2  n
2
3
3
It is given that,
T7  Tn 5
n
2 1 n 1
 n C6  2 3  2
 C6  22  n
3 2
33
n
2
23 32
 2  n
2 2
33
n
2
 6 3  62
n
 2  2
3
 n  12
Hence, the value of n is 12.

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Exercise – VSA

Page Number:18.45

Question 1:

Solution:

n 
Number of terms in the expansion ( x  y )n  ( x  y )n where n is even    1
2 
Thus, we have :
 10 
Number of terms in the given expansion    1  6
 2 

Question 2:

Solution:

To find the sum of coefficients, we plug 1 for each variable

then, we get the sum of coefficients of the given expression.
111
Sum of coefficient  1  3 x  x 2 
111
 1  3  1  12 
111
 1  3  1
111
 1  3  1
111
  1
 1

Question 3:

Solution:

The given expression is (1  3 x  3 x 2  x3 )8 . It can be written as [(1  x)3 ]8 i.e. (1  x)24

Hence, the number of terms is  24  1 i.e. 25

Question 4:

Solution:

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Here, n, i.e., 10, is an even number.
 10 
 Middle term    1 th term  6th term
 2 
Thus, we have :
T6  T51
10 5 5
10  2 x2   3 
 C5    2
 3   2x 
10  9  8  7  6 25 35
  5 5
5 4  3 2 3 2
 252

Question 5:

Solution:

Suppose Tr 1 is the term in the given expression that is independent of x.

Thus, we have :
r
 1 
Tr 1  9Cr x9 r  2 
 3x 
1
 (1)r 9Cr r x 9 r  2 r
3
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
9  3r  0
r 3
Hence, the required term is the 4th term.

Question 6:

Solution:

Coefficient of x m inthe given expansion  m nCm  a

Coefficient of x n inthe given expansion  m  nCn  b
 a  b  m nCm  m n
Cn 

Question 7:

Solution:

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Coefficient of x n in the expansion (1  x) 2 n  2n
C an
n 2 n 1 2 n 1
Coefficient of x in the expansion (1  x)  Cn  b
Now, we have :
2n 2n ! 2n  2n  1 !
Cn   ... 1
n !. n ! n  n  1 ! n !
2 n 1  2n  1! ... 2
and Cn   
n ! n  1 !
Dividing equation 1 by  2  , we get
2n
C 2n  2n  1 ! n !  n  1 !
 2 n 1 n 
Cn n  n  1 ! n !  2n  1 !
a
 2
b
 a  2b

Question 8.

Solution:

Here, n, i.e., 10, is an even number.

 10 
 Middle term    1 th term  6th term
 2 
Thus, we have :
T6  T51
5
10 10 5 1
 C5  x   
x
 10C5

Question 9.

Solution:

Here,
a  1  3  10  8  23
b  11  2
 a  b3

Question 10.

Solution:

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Here, n, i.e., 2n, is an even number.
 2n 
 Middle term    1 th term   n  1 th term
 2 
Thus, we have :
2nn n
Tn 1  2 n Cn 1  x
 2 n Cn x n
Hence, the coefficient of the middle term is 2 nCn

Question 11:
Solution:
n

In the binomial expansion of

 a  b , total number of terms will be (n + 1).
7
 2 x  y 3 4    2 x  y 3 28
Now,  
7
 2x  y 3 4 
Therefore, in the expansion of   , total number of terms will be 28 + 1 = 29.

Question 12:

Solution:

2 n 1
1  x 
Here, n is an odd number.
th th
 2n  1  1   2n  1  1 
Therefore, the middle terms are   and   1 , i.e., n th and (n  1)th terms.
 2   2 
Now, we have
Tn  Tn 11
2 n 1 n 1
 Cn 1  x 
And ,
Tn 1  Tn1
2 n 1 n
 Cn  x 
 the coefficients of two middle terms are 2 n 1Cn1 and 2 n 1
Cn .
2 n 1 2 n 1 2n
Now, Cn 1  Cn  Cn

Question 13:

Solution:

pq

Coefficients of xp in the expansion of

1  x  is p q
Cp .

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 pq p q
Coefficients of xq in the expansion of 
1 x Cp
is .
Now,
 p  q !
p q
Cp p !q !
 1
p q
Cq  p  q  !
q! p!
pq
Hence, the ratio of the coefficients of xp and xq in the expansion of 1  x  is 1:1.

Question 14:

Solution:

200
3400   9 
200
 10  1
200 199 1 2 198 1 199 200
 200 C0 10   200 C1 10 
 1  .....  200 C198 10   1  200 C199 10   1  200 C200  1
198 197 1 198 1 199 200
 100 10   200 C1 10   1  .....  200 C198  1   200 10   1   1
 
198 197
 100 10   200 C1 10   .....  200 C198  2 10    1
 
 100  a natural number   1

Hence, last two digits of the number 3400 is 01.

Question 15:

Solution:

We have,
n n
a  b  c   a   b  c  
1 2 n
 a n  n C1 a n 1  b  c   n C2 a n  2  b  c   ...  n Cn  b  c 
Further, expanding each term of R.H.S., we note that First term consists of 1 term.
Second term on simplification gives 2 terms. Third term on expansion gives 3 terms.
Similarly, fourth term on expansion gives 4 terms and so on.

The total number of terms = 1 + 2 + 3 + + (n + 1) =

 n  1 n  2 
2

Question 16:

Solution:

2n

Coefficients of xn in the expansion of

1  x  is 2n
Cn  a .
2 n 1

Coefficients of xn in the expansion of

1  x  is
2 n 1
Cn  b .

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Now,
2n
a C
 2 n 1 n
b Cn
 2n  !
 n !n !
 n  1!
2
n ! n  1 !
2n

n
2
a
Hence, 2
b

Question 17:

Solution:
The total number of terms are 101 of which 50 terms get cancelled.
100 100

Hence, the total number of terms in the expansion of

 x  a    x  a  is 51.

Q18:
Solution:

Putting x = 1 and – 1 in
2 n
1  x  x   a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  ...  a2 n x 2 n
We get,
1  a0  a1  a2  ...  a2 n ... 1
And
3n  a0  a1  a2  ...  a2 n ...  2 

Adding (1) and (2), we get

3n  1  2  a0  a2  ...  a2 n 
3n  1
Hence, the value of a0  a2  a4  ...  a2 n is .
2

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Exercise :Multiple Choice Questions

Questions 1.

Solution:

(c) 9
Coefficients of the rth and  r  4  th terms in the given expansion are 20Cr 1 and 20Cr 3 .
Here,
20
Cr 1  20Cr 3
 r  1  r  3  20  if nCx  n C y  x  y or x  y  n 
 r  2 or 2r  18
r 9

Questions 2.

Solution:

(d) 7920

Suppose the  r  1 th term in the given expansion is independent of x.

Then, we have :
r
 1 
Tr 1  12Cr (2 x)12 r  2 
 2x 
r 12 12 2 r
 (1) Cr 2 x12 r  2 r
For this term to be independent of x, we must have :
12  3r  0
r4
 Required term :
(1)4 12C4 2128
12 11 10  9
  16
4  3 2
 7920

Questions 3.

Solution:

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(c) 9
r 1
12 2 12  r 1  1 
rth term in the given expansion is Cr 1 (2 x )  
 x 
 (1)r 1 12Cr 1 213 r x 26 2 r  r 1
For this term to be independent of x, we must have :
27  3r  0
r 9
Hence, the 9th term in the expansion is independent of x.

Questions 4.

Solution:

(c) n = 5

Coefficients of the 2nd and 3rd terms in (a  b) n are nC1 and nC2
Coefficients of the 3rd and 4th terms in (a  b)n 3 are n 3C2 and n 3C3
Thus, we have
n n 3
C1 C2
n
 n 3
C2 C3
2 3
 
n 1 n 1
 2n  2  3n  3
n5

Questions 5.

Solution:

(d) 4AB
If A and B denote respectively the sums of odd terms and even terms in the expansion ( x  a) n
Then , ( x  a ) n  A  B ... 1
( x  a)n  A  B ...  2 
Squaring and subtraction equation  2  from 1 we get
2 2
( x  a)2 n  ( x  a)2 n   A  B    A  B 
 ( x  a)2 n  ( x  a) 2 n  4 AB

Questions 6.

Solution:

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(c) 41

The general term Tr 1 in the given expansion is given by

45
Cr (41/5 )45 r (71/10 )r
r r
For Tr 1 to be an integer , we must have and as integers i.e. 0  r  45
5 10
 r  0,10, 20, 30 and 40
Hence, there are 5 rational and 41, i.e., 46  5, irrational terms.

Questions 7.

Solution:

(b) -1365

Suppose the  r  1 th term in the given expansion contains the coefficient of x 17 .
Then, we have :
r
 1 
Tr 1  15Cr ( x 4 )15 r  3 
x 
 (1) Cr x 60 4 r 3r
r 15

For this term to contain x 17 , we must have :

60  7 r  17
 7 r  77
 r  11
15 14 13 12
 Required coefficient  (1)11 15C11    1365
4  3 2

Questions 8.

Solution:

28
(c)
243

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Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expansion is independent of x.
Then , we have:
r
 1 
Tr 1  9Cr ( x 2 )9 r  
 3x 
1
 (1)r 9Cr r x18 2 r  r
3
For this term to be independent of x, we must have :
18  3r  0
r 6
1 98 7 1 28
 Required term  (1)6 9C6 6
  6 
3 3 2 3 243

Questions 9.

Solution:

(a) 5
Coefficients of  2r  3 th and  r  1 th terms in the given expansion are 15C2 r  2 and 15Cr  2.
Thus, we have
15
C2 r  2  15Cr  2
 2r  2  r  2 or 2r  2  r  2  15  if nCx  n C y  x  y or x  y  n 
 r  4 or r  5
Neglecting the negative value, We have
r 5

Questions 10.

Solution:

(b) 252

Here, n, i.e., 10, is an even number.

 10 
 Middle term    1 th term  6th term
 2 
Thus, we have :
T6  T51
10 5 5
10  2 x2   3 
 C5    2
 3   2x 
10  9  8  7  6 25 35
  5 5
5 4  3 2 3 2
 252

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Questions 11.

Solution:

(c) r = 12

Here,
r 1
 1 
Tr  15Cr 1 ( x 4 )15 r 1  3 
x 
r 15 64 4 r 3 r  3
 (1)  Cr 1 x
For this term to contain x 17 , we must have :
67  7r  17
 r  12

Questions 12.

Solution:

(b) T4

Suppose Tr 1 is the term in the given expression that is independent of x.

Thus, we have :
r
 1 
Tr 1  9Cr x9 r  2 
 3x 
1
 (1)r 9Cr r x 9 r  2 r
3
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
9  3r  0
r 3
Hence, the required term is the 4th term i.e. T4

Questions 13.

Solution:

(b) 7, 14

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Coefficients of the 5th, 6th and 7th terms in the given expansion are nC4 , nC5 and nC6
These coefficients are in AP.
Thus, we have
2 nC5  nC4  nC6
On dividing both sides by nC5 , we get :
n
C4 nC6
2 n

C5 nC5
5 n 5
2 
n4 6
 12n  48  30  n 2  4n  5n  20
 n 2  21n  98  0
  n  14  n  7   0
 n  7 and 14

Questions 14.

Solution:

(b) T6
Suppose the (r + 1)th term in the given expansion is independent of x.
Thus, we have:
8 r
1 
Tr 1  Cr  x1/3 
8
( x 1/5 ) r
2 
8 r r
1 
 8Cr 8 r
x 3 5
2
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
8r r
 0
3 5
 40  5r  3r  0
r 5
Hence, the required term is the 6th term, i.e. T6

Questions 15.

Solution:

(a) A2  B 2

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If A and B denote respectively the sums of odd terms and even terms in the expansion ( x  a) n
Then , ( x  a) n  A  B ... 1
( x  a)n  A  B ...  2 
Multplying both the equations we get
( x  a ) n ( x  a ) n  A2  B 2
 ( x 2  a 2 ) n  A2  B 2

Questions 16.

Solution:

(a) 3

The coefficient of x in the given expansion where x occurs at the  r  1 th term.

We have
r
5 
Cr ( x 2 ) 5  r  
x
5 r 10  2 r  r
 Cr  x
For it to contain x, we must have :
10  3r  1
r 3
 Coefficient of x in the given expansion :
5
C3  3  10 3
Now, we have
10 3  270
  3  27
 3

Questions 17.

Solution:

405
(a)
256

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Suppose x 4 occurs at the  r  1 th term in the given expansion.
Then, we have
r
x  3 
Tr 1  10Cr ( )10 r  2 
2  2x 
3r 10 r  2 r
 (1)r 10Cr x
210 r
For this term to contain x 4 , we must have :
10  3r  4
r2
32 10  9  9 405
 Required coefficient  10C2  
28 2  28 256

Questions 18.

Solution:

(b) 51
Here, n, i.e., 100, is even.
n 100
∴ Total number of terms in the expansion =  1   1  51
2 2

Questions 19.

Solution:

(c) 5
In the expansion (a  b) n , we have
n
T2 C a n1  b1
 n 1 n2 2
T3 C2 a  b
In the expansion (a  b) n 3 , we have
n3
T3 C2 a n1 b 2
 n 3
T4 C3 a n b3
Thus, we have
T2 T3

T3 T4
n n 3
C1 a C2 a
 n
 n 3
C2 b C3 b
2 3
 
n 1 n 1
 2n  2  3n  3
n5

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Questions 20.

Solution:

(b)
 2n  !
 n  1 ! n  1 !

n
1 1  1
Coefficient of in the given expansion  Coefficient of 1 in (1  x) n  Coefficient of in  1    Coeffic
ient o
x x  x
 nC0  nC1  nC1  nC2
n!
 n  n
2  n  2!
n  n  1
 nn
2


 2n  !
 n  1 ! n  1 !

Questions 21.

Solution:

(a) 1120

Suppose  r  1 th tem in the given expansion is independent of x.

Then, we have
r
n nr 1
Tr 1  Cr (2 x)  
 x
 n Cr 2 n  r x n  2 r
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
n  2r  0
r n/2
n!
 Required term  nCn / 2 2n n / 2  2
2n / 2
 n / 2  !
We know :
Sum of the given expansion  256
Thus, we have
2n.1n  256
n8
8!
 Required term  24  1120
   
4 ! 4 !

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Questions 22.

Solution:

(c) 10

T5  T41
 nC4 (a 2/3 ) n 4 (a 1 )4
 2 n 8 
 4 
 n C4 a  3 

For this termtobeindependent of a,

we must have
2n  8
40
3
 2n  20  0
 n  10

Questions 23:

Solution:

(d) 330 m 7
Let x 3 occur at  r  1 th term in the given expansion.
Then, we have
r
11  m 
11 r
Tr 1  Cr x  
 x 
 (1)r  11Cr m r x11 r  r
For this term to contain x 3 , we must have
11  2r  3
r 7
 Required coefficient  (1)7 11C7 m 7

11 10  9  8 7
 m
4  3 2
 330 m7

Questions 24.

(a)

Solution:

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 14!
(c) 2
a 7 b7
 7!

Suppose  r  1 th term in the given expansion is independent of x.

Then, we have
r
b
Tr 1  14Cr (ax)14 r  
 x
14 14 r
 Cr a b r x14 2 r
For this term to be independent of x, we must have
14  2r  0
r 7
14! 7 7
 Required term  14C7 a147 b7  a b
(7!) 2

Questions 25.

Solution:

(c 31 C6  21 C6
21 22 30
We have 1  x   1  x   ... 1  x 
21
 1  x 10  1 
 1  x   
 1  x   1 
1 31 21

 1  x   1  x  
x
1 31 21
Coefficient of x 5 in the given expansion  Coefficient of x 5 in
 1  x   1  x  
x
31 21
 Coefficient of x in 1  x   1  x  
6
 
31 21
 C6  C6

Questions 26.

Solution:

18
(a) C8

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Suppose the  r  1 th term in the given expansion contains x8 y10 .
Then, we have
Tr 1  18Cr x18 r y r
For the coefficient of x8 y10 We have
r  10
Hence, the required coefficient is 18C10 or 18C8

Questions 27.

Solution:

(c) 9
Coefficient of  n  1 th term  Coefficient of  n  3 th
We have :
20
Cn  20Cn 2
 2n  2  20  if nCx  n C y  x  y or x  y  n 
n9

Questions 28.

Solution:

(a) 7
Coefficients of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms in the given expansion are:
n
C1 , nC2 and nC3
We have :
2  nC2  nC1  nC3
Dividing both sides by nC2 , we get :
n
C1 nC3
2 n

C2 n C2
2 n2
2 
n 1 3
 6n  6  6  n 2  2  3n
 n 2  9n  14  0
 n  7  n  2 as 2  3 in the 4th term 

Questions 29.

Solution:

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 n 2n
(b)  1 Cn x  n

Here, n is even
 2n 
Middle term in the given expansion    1 th   n  1 th term
 2 
2 n n n
2n  2x   3 
 Cn    2
 3   2x 
n 2n n
 (1) Cn x

Questions 30.

Solution:

(c)  20C7 x, 213

Here n is even
 20 
So, The middle term in the given expansion is   1 th  11thterm
 2 
Therefore, (r + 3)th term is the 14th term.

13
 1 
T14  20C13 ( x 2 ) 2013  
 2x 
1413
13 x
  1 20C13 13
2
20 13
  C7 x 2

Questions 31.

Solution:

(d) 101

The general term Tr 1 in the given expansion is given by

600
Cr (171/3 )600 r (351/ 2 x) r
600
 Cr 17 200 r /3  35r /2 x r
r r
Now, Tr 1 is an integer if and are integers for all 0  r  600
2 3
Thus, we have
r  0, 6, 12, ...600  Multiples of 6 
Since, It is an A.P
So, 600  0   n  1 6
 n  101
Hence, there are101 terms with integral coefficients.

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Questions 32.

Solution:

(c) −252

Suppose (r + 1)th term is the constant term in the given expansion.

Then, we have:
r
10  1 
10 r
Tr 1  Cr ( x)  
 x 
10 r 10  r  r
 Cr (1) x
For this term to be constant , we must have :
10  2r  0
r 5
 Required term   10C5  252

Questions 33.

Solution:

9
(d)
7
Coefficients of x2= Coefficients of x3

9
C2 39 2 a 2  9C3 393 a3
9
C2
a 9
3
C3
9!3!6! 3

2! 7!9!
9

7

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