ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

IOT based health monitoring system with a Mechanical

Ventilator

Prepared by
1. Letu Mekonnen ETS1012/12
2. Nathnael Mekonnen ETS0523/12
3. Abubeker Hayder ETS0060 /12
4. Yab Mitiku ETS0658/12
5. Yonas Banjaw ETS0709/12
6. Bogale Getahun ETS0797/12

Adviser Mrs. Helen N.

DECEMBER 2022
ADDIS ABABA ETHIOPIA
Abstract

Among the applications that Internet of Things (IoT) facilitated to the world, Healthcare
applications are most important. IoT has been widely used to interconnect the advanced
medical resources and to offer smart and effective healthcare services to the people. This
paper presents the design and implementation of a health monitoring system with
mechanical ventilation using the Internet of Things (IoT). In present days, with the
expansion of innovations, specialists are always looking for innovative electronic devices
for easier identification of irregularities within the body. The technological advent in smart
sensing devices and the Internet has provided practical solutions in various sectors. This
study intends to combine the Internet of Things (IoT) technology with health monitoring
to make it personalized and timely through allowing the interconnection between the
devices. This work is aimed at exploring various wearable health monitoring modules that
people wear to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, and
physiological information in addition with the smart ventilation. The information is
acquired using the wireless sensor to create a health monitoring system. The data is
integrated using the Internet of Things for processing, connecting, and computing to
achieve real-time monitoring.

Introduction
Health is always a major concern in every growth. the human race is advancing in terms of
technology Health monitoring is an essential problem in today’s world. Due to lack of
proper health monitoring, patient suffer from serious health issues. There are lots of IoT
devices that can monitor the health of patient over internet. Health experts are also taking
advantage of these smart devices to keep an eye on their patients. With tons of new
healthcare technology start-ups, IoT is rapidly revolutionizing the healthcare industry. IOT
based patient health monitoring system with mechanical ventilation is a medical equipment
that has internet capability and can measure one or more health data of a patient who is
connected to the device such as heartbeat, body temperature, blood pressure, ECG, Pulse
rate etc. Our device measures temperature, blood oxygen and heart rate. The equipment
can record, transmit and alert if there is any abrupt change in the patient’s health. The
project is divided into two parts namely: 1. IOT based smart ventilator 2. Smart Health
monitoring system. IoT based ventilator aims to provide a continuous breathing process
to the patient whose lung capacity has decreased to a point where inhalation and Exhalation
is not possible on their own. In general, there is a portable physiological checking frame
work is displayed which can constantly screen the patients pulse rate, temperature, oxygen
with combination of mechanical ventilator by using IOT server.
Background study
IoT (Internet of things) has become an emerging topic in technological field research. It is basically
interconnection of devices with each other over the internet network. It facilitates the digitalization
and automation of the manually operating devices. We typically think of the Internet of things
(IoT) in terms of autonomous cars and smart homes, but some of the best and innovative
applications of IoT technology are in fields that are intensely practical.

Today's technology has been evolved into stand-alone systems which can do all necessary
processes by themselves without any additional hardware. Advance microcontrollers have become
microcomputers that are also known as single board computers. These systems take their power
from powerful microcontrollers. These microcontrollers have many integrated circuits on board so
they can achieve many different processes by themselves. They are being used in many
applications from powerful industrial devices to simple home appliances. In today's market, there
are many different microcontrollers with different structure and capabilities. Therefore,
understanding the concepts related to the microcontrollers is really important for choosing the best
hardware...

Global IOT revenues are likely to grow from 8.74 billion in 2020 to more than 13 billion in 2023,
according to Statista Research Department. So, this is the right time to learn and get started with
IoT. The emerging advances in the field of the Internet of things or IoT are game changers. You
can see IoT everywhere, devices of all shapes and sizes. Soon IoT technology is poised to disrupt
several other industries.

One of the major applications is health care monitoring system. The main purpose of our project
is the luxury to explore improved services for patients and their handlers. It can be used to promote
basic nursing care in the hospital environment by improving the quality of medicare and patient
safety.

IoT based patient health monitoring system is a generic term given to any medical equipment that
has internet capability and can measure one or more health data of a patient who is connected to
the device such as heartbeat, body temperature, blood pressure, ECG, steps etc.

The equipment can record, transmit and alert if there is any abrupt change in the patient’s health.
By this definition, it includes devices such as smart-watches, fitness trackers, smart-phones to
expensive hospital equipment which can connect to internet. When a patient is recovering in your
hospital, they want to do so in a safe, healthy, and comfortable environment that helps them heal
faster and foster better relationships with their providers. A smart healthcare campus can do all of
that – and more.

IoT Projects in Healthcare

1) Remote Health Monitoring System for COVID-19 Patients – IoT in Healthcare
2) overallhelth pattern detector
3) Measure Heart Rate and SpO2
4) Wrong Posture Muscle Strain Detector
5) Safety Monitoring System for Manual Wheelchairs in other sectors IOT projects area being
developed focusing on smart homes, projects in gaming, applications on environmental concerns,
projects in fitness and many more the whole process could even be more enhanced by
implementing chip to cloud based Iot Chip-to-cloud IoT is a powerful, uniquely secured chipset
that can be installed inside each device, giving it a far greater connection in the IoT chain than the
average IoT gadget. The cloud manager or analytics application receives data from every node in
real-time using the chip-to-cloud technology.

Statement of the problems

The problem that an IoT-based automated health monitoring system aims to solve is the ability to
continuously monitor a person's health status and alert relevant individuals or medical
professionals in the event of any abnormalities or emergencies. This system would be able to
collect data from various wearable or implantable sensors and use that data to track various health
metrics such as heart rate, body temperature, and physical activity. In the event of any potential
health issues, the system would be able to alert designated individuals or medical professionals,
potentially allowing for timely interventions and improved patient outcomes.63

One of the United Nations' sustainability goals is to ensure good health and well-being for all
people. An IoT-based automated health monitoring system can help support this goal by providing
individuals with the ability to continuously monitor their own health and receive timely alerts in
the event of any potential health issues. This can help people proactively address any potential
health concerns, potentially improving their overall health and well-being. Additionally, by
allowing for early detection and intervention of potential health issues, this system can help reduce
the burden on healthcare systems and potentially improve overall healthcare outcomes. This can
also help support other sustainability goals, such as reducing inequality and promoting sustainable
economic growth.
A problem definition for a mechanical ventilator would involve identifying the need for a reliable
and effective way to provide respiratory support to individuals who are unable to breathe
adequately on their own. This could include individuals who have respiratory illnesses or injuries,
or those who are undergoing surgical procedures that require them to be placed on a ventilator.
The problem definition would also include a description of the challenges and limitations of
existing mechanical ventilators, and the goals and objectives for the development of a new,
improved ventilator. These goals and objectives might include improving patient outcomes,
reducing the risk of complications, and increasing the efficiency and reliability of the ventilator.
Overall, the problem definition for a mechanical ventilator would provide a clear understanding of
the needs and challenges involved in developing a new and improved respiratory support device.

General Objective
The core objective of this project is the design and implementation of a smart IOT based health
monitoring system with a mechanical ventilation. And also, to build up a system fit for observing
vital body sign such as body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen level etc. it is also to address good
healthcare in our country.
Specific Objective
➢ To give Quick service for patients.
➢ To give accurate data for doctors or display accurate symptoms of patient at a
moment.
➢ This project may play vital role in saving the patient life at emergency time since
“Time is life”
➢ To increase easily control patients and safety of doctor’s
➢ To develop IOT based emerging technology in Ethiopia.
➢ To increase fair distribution of healthcare in Ethiopia including rural area.

Significance of the device

health monitoring is an essential problem in today’s world scenario. So, this system is
helpful for achieving good health and well-being goals, of UN. The proposed system aims
to solve the problem of expensive and sophisticated ventilator systems and health
monitoring systems by introducing an easy to use low-cost IOT based ventilator and patient
monitoring system. The system also aims to provide an easy to use, scalable and easy to
install alternative to the systems which are present in the market today. The system can
also be used to collect real-time health information and give feedback to patients and
medical specialists. Allowing every single person to examine their health, and advising
them to find immediate treatment in case of emergencies, can result in saving that person’s
life. The use of these monitoring systems can decrease medical fees for the nation in the
long run. This device is useful to keep track of the changes in patients' heart rate, blood
pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature. These health-related data can be accessed by
using sensors. With the help of ECG and heart sensors, cardiac disease can be detected.
The condition of the patients will be conveyed to the doctors and they will suggest the
treatment or the medicines to the patient accordingly. If an abnormality is detected in the
health of the patient, then the doctors and the patient's family members will be alerted with
a red signal otherwise it will give a green signal.

Literature review
IOT’s evolution has increased nowadays with smart devices’ tremendous ability to share
information. The reliance on IoT on various applications has widened its importance in the
healthcare sector for remote monitoring of patients’ criticality levels. This technological
advent has come across various domains of safety, health, and human wellbeing. IoT is
advantageous in computation, processing, and storage utilizing cloud-based solutions. It is
also beneficial in processing and storing the geographical data on the cloud platform, which
can be shared between the devices for various applications. At present, there is a variety of
studies on human health monitoring systems based on the Internet of Things worldwide.
Significant progress has been made in remote consultation and remote monitoring of blood
pressure, blood glucose values, and some medical data (long-distance transmission). There
are various systems developed regarding the health monitoring system by different peoples.
Many of them are developed in china. From these:
1) Rezaeibagha and Mu designed an Agent system that can monitor vital signs such as
blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and body temperature, which was connected to
wireless sensors.
2) Tamilselvi proposed a health monitoring system that can assess patients’ primary
symptoms like their oxygen level, body temperature, and eye movement using the IoT
platform.
3) Acharya developed a kit for healthcare monitoring using the IoT platform to assess the
parameters like a heartbeat, ECG, temperature, and respiration using various intelligent
sensors.
4) Gregoski presented a smartphone-based technique for heart rate monitoring using
mobile and camera interaction.
5) Oresko developed a smartphone interactive tool for identifying cardiovascular diseases
to monitor the level of heart rate during the progression of time.
The current human health monitoring system based on the Internet of Things has some
limitations, such as increasing users and uploaded databases, no guarantee for users, poor
real-time performance, and low data utilization. A human health monitoring system based
on the Internet of Things is designed in this work. The system can uninterruptedly and
accurately monitor the human body’s heart rate, blood pressure, pulse, body temperature,
physiological information, and other vital sign parameters. This work uses wireless sensors
to retain the information for health monitoring. The data is integrated using the Internet of
Things for processing, connecting, and computing to achieve real-time monitoring. The
proposed system demonstrated relatively accurate and stable test ability improving
deficiencies in the existing health monitoring platform. This article contributes in daily
health management using the human health monitoring system based on the Internet of
Things which is instrumental in heightening health service quality.
Methodology and Material selection
In this section, we will discuss the project design, resource requirement, cost breakdown, how
system project work, project flow and task allocation.
Methodology and material selection
The proposed system has two main systems. The first system is IOT based patient monitoring
system which includes pulse rate, temperature and oxygen level monitoring system and mechanical
ventilator system. This device is multi system containing device which is targeted to improve
patient monitoring system in health sectors. The system uses different sensors to do this and it is
helping a Doctors to monitor their patients from any distance. To make this innovative system to
function in this way we will use different types of electronics components and different materials
again we will use different types of electrical, software, mechanical and civil engineering concepts.
Components specification
Hardware components
I. LM35 Temperature Sensor
LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature devices with an output voltage linearly-proportional to the
Centigrade temperature. The LM35 device has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as
the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from the output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.

It is a small and cheap IC which can be used to measure temperature anywhere between -55°C to
150°C. It can easily be interfaced with any Microcontroller that has ADC function or any
development platform like Arduino.
We can power the IC by applying a regulated voltage like +5V (VS) to the input pin and connected
the ground pin to the ground of the circuit. And we can measure the temperature in form of voltage
as shown below.
If the temperature is 0°C, then the output voltage will also be 0V. There will be rise of 0.01V
(10mV) for every degree Celsius rise in temperature. The voltage can convert into temperature
using the below formulae.

II. Max30100 oximeter

Pulse oximeter is a method for monitoring a person’s oxygen saturation and heart rate. Basically,
Oximeter calculates the percentage oxygen saturation in the blood on basis of amount of different
light absorb in it. In this approach, a sensor device is placed on a thin part of the patient’s body,
usually a fingertip or earlobe, or an infant’s foot. Fingertips and earlobes have higher blood flow
rates than other tissues, which facilitates heat transfer.
The MAX30102 sensor is the further optimized version of MAX30100 sensor; used as both a heart
rate monitor and a pulse oximeter. These features are enabled by constructing this sensor which
consists of two LEDs, a photodetector, optimized optics, and low noise signal processing
components. It is easily used with microcontrollers such as Arduino, ESP32, ESP8266 NodeMCU,
etc. to build an efficient heartbeat and oxygen saturation device.

Fig.3 MAX30102 Module

Key Features
 ✓ The MAX30102 sensor module has an ultra-low power operation, uses 600μA
(measurement mode and 0.7μA(standby mode). Therefore, a great choice to use in
wearable devices such as smart watches etc.
✓ It has a high sample rate capability along with fast data output capability.
✓ Additionally, the sensor features integrated ambient light cancellation as well.
✓ One additional feature that the MAX30102 sensor module possess is the inclusion
of an on-chip temperature sensor. This gives us the die temperature (-40˚C to
+85˚C) which is ± 1˚C accurate.
✓ For communicating with microcontrollers, the sensor uses the I2C pins SCL and
SDA.
✓ Another feature of this sensor is that it uses a 32 sample FIFO buffer to store data
as compared to MAX30100 which has only 16 sample FIFO buffer. In other words,
it further reduces power consumption as it already holds a maximum of thirty-two
heart rate and SPO2 values.
✓ The MAX30102 can also be used with interrupts which can be enabled for several
sources such as power ready, new data ready, ambient light cancellation,
temperature ready and FIFO almost full. With the generation of interrupts, the
microcontroller can perform other events which do not happen during the sequential
execution of a program while the sensor keeps obtaining new data samples.
The table below shows the specifications of this sensor:
The connections between the sensor module and Arduino UNO are as follows:
III. ESP8266 WI-FI Module
The ESP8266 is a very user-friendly and low-cost device to provide internet connectivity to your
projects. The module can work both as an Access point (can create hotspot) and as a station (can
connect to Wi-Fi), hence it can easily fetch data and upload it to the internet making the Internet
of Things as easy as possible. It can also fetch data from the internet using API’s hence your project
could access any information that is available on the internet, thus making it smarter. Another
exciting feature of this module is that it can be programmed using the Arduino which makes it a
lot more user friendly.

IV. Arduino UNO

Arduino is an open source physical computing platform based on a simple input/output (1/0) board
and a development environment that implements the Processing language. Arduino can be used to
develop standalone interactive objects or can be connected to software on your computer. Arduino
hardware is an open-source circuit board with a microprocessor and input/output (1/0) pins for
communication and controlling physical objects (LED, servos, buttons, etc.). The board will be
powered via USB or an external power supply which in turn allows it to power other hardware and
sensors.
 V. LCD display
LCD displays work by using individual pixels to display visuals, moving or stationary.

VI. MG995 servo motor

MG995 Servo Motor is a heavy-duty reliable servo motor. It is a low-power, cost-effective
motor. MG995 is a dual shock-proof ball-bearing servo design with metal gear making it
quite feasible for industrial production. The motor has a quick response and rotates at high
speed. It comes with great holding power and a stable constant torque range. They are
widely used in consumer robotics and hobby projects. This post is an overview of the motor
and discusses the pinout, features, working, interfacing with Arduino, and applications of
MG995
MG995 Features and Specifications
Operating Voltage: 4.8 – 7.2 Volts
Operating Temperature: 0 – 550C
Operational Frequency: 50 Hz
Operating Motor Speed @ 4.8 V: 0.2 sec/60 degrees
Operating Motor Speed @ 6 V: 0.16 sec/60 degrees
Motor Stall torque @ 4.8 V: 8.5 kgf·cm
Motor Stall torque @ 6.0 V:10 kgf·cm
Dead band width: 5 usec
Degree of Rotation: 180 degrees
Idle state Current consumption: 10 mA
 No Load Current Consumption: 170 mA
Maximum Load Current Consumption: 1200 mA
Physical Dimensions: 40.7 x 19.7 x 42.9 mm approx

VII. 12-volt adapter

VIII. 12-volt battery

IX. DC charge controlling switch system

X. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)

 XI. 220-ohm resistors

XII. LED

XIII. AC power plug and Socket

XIV. 5V Dc operable 10A,220V SPDT Mechanical Relay

XV. BC 547B transistor
XVI. 15k resistor
XVII. 330-ohm resistor
XVIII. IRFZ44N mosfet
XIX. 1N5408 diode
XX. IN4148 diode
XXI. Tl431 Zener diode
XXII. 50K potentiometer
XXIII. 1.5K Resistor
XXIV. Soldering iron and lead
XXV. Hot glue
XXVI. AMBU bag

XXVII. Aluminum sheet(50cm×100cm)

software specifications
I. Arduino IDEs
II. IOT server
III. C++

Methodology and system design

System one the health monitoring system
Block diagram
The temperature sensor, oximeter, power supply and ESP8266 are connected to the Arduino UNO.
The temperature sensor measures the body temperature, the pulse sensor will measure the pulse
and oximeter measures the oxygen level of the patient when the patient is in contact (wrist) with
the sensors. The Arduino will process the code and display the data of the patient to LCD display.
The Wi-fi module ESP8266 provides internet connectivity through which the data will be
monitored on the IOT server. Thus, the doctors and relatives of the patient can access the data and
monitor the health of the patient remotely and take necessary measures accordingly.
Hardware design
A remote health monitoring system using IOT is proposed where the authorized personal can
access these data stored using any IoT platform and based on these values received, the diseases
are diagnosed by the doctors from a distance. The LM35 Temperature sensor are precision
integrated-circuit temperature devices with an output voltage linearly-proportional to the
Centigrade temperature, has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin.
The ESP8266 is a very user-friendly and low-cost device to provide internet connectivity to your
projects. It can also fetch data from the internet using API’s hence your project could access any
information that is available on the internet, thus making it smarter. Arduino hardware is an open-
source circuit board with a microprocessor and input/output (1/0) pins for communication and
controlling physical objects (LED, servos, buttons, etc.). The board will be powered via USB or
an external power supply which in turn allows it to power other hardware and sensors. The
temperature sensor, blood pressure sensor, oximeter, power supply and ESP8266 are connected to
the Arduino UNO. The sensor measures the parameters of the patient when the patient is in contact
with the sensors. The Arduino will process the code and display the data of the patient to LCD
display. The Wi-fi module ESP8266 provides internet connectivity through which the data will be
monitored on the IOT server.

A program code for IOT health monitoring operation system

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <TimerOne.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8);

int val;

int tempPin = A0;// temperature Sensor Pin

int HBSensor = 4;// Sensor Pin

int HBCount = 0;

int HBCheck = 0;

int TimeinSec = 0;

int HBperMin = 0;

int HBStart = 2;

int HBStartCheck = 0;

void setup() {

// put your setup code here, to run once:

lcd.begin(20, 4);

pinMode(HBSensor, INPUT);

pinMode(HBStart, INPUT_PULLUP);

Timer1.initialize(800000);

Timer1.attachInterrupt( timerIsr );

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Current HB : ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Time in Sec : ");

lcd.setCursor(0,2);

lcd.print("HB per Min : 0.0");

lcd.setCursor(0,3);

lcd.print("Body Temp : ");

void loop() {
if(digitalRead(HBStart) == LOW){

//lcd.setCursor(0,3);

//lcd.print("HB Counting ..");

HBStartCheck = 1;}

if(HBStartCheck == 1)

if((digitalRead(HBSensor) == HIGH) && (HBCheck == 0))

HBCount = HBCount + 1;

HBCheck = 1;

lcd.setCursor(14,0);

lcd.print(HBCount);

lcd.print(" ");

if((digitalRead(HBSensor) == LOW) && (HBCheck == 1))

HBCheck = 0;

if(TimeinSec == 10)

HBperMin = HBCount * 6;

HBStartCheck = 0;

lcd.setCursor(14,2);

lcd.print(HBperMin);

lcd.print(" ");

//lcd.setCursor(0,3);

//lcd.print("Press Button again.");

HBCount = 0;

TimeinSec = 0;

val = analogRead(tempPin);

float mv = (val/1024.0)*5000;
float cel = mv/10;

lcd.setCursor(14,3);

lcd.print(cel);

lcd.print(" ");

delay(100);

void timerIsr()

if(HBStartCheck == 1)

TimeinSec = TimeinSec + 1;

lcd.setCursor(14,1);

lcd.print(TimeinSec);

lcd.print(" ");

Methodology
The temperature sensor measures the body temperature, the heart beat sensor will measure the
heart rate and oximeter measures the oxygen level when the patient is in contact with the sensors.
The Arduino will process the code and display the data of the patient to LCD display. The Wi-fi
module ESP8266 provides internet connectivity through which the data will be monitored on the
IOT server. Thus, the doctors and relatives of the patient can access the data and monitor the health
of the patient remotely and take necessary measures accordingly.

mechanical ventilator

A ventilator is a machine that supports breathing. It’s also called a breathing machine or
respirator. These machines are mainly used in hospitals. Ventilators will get oxygen into the
lungs, remove carbon dioxide from the body, help patient breathe easier, and breathe for people
who have lost all ability to breathe on their own.

A ventilator is often used for short periods, such as during surgery when you’re under general
anesthesia or during treatment for a serious lung disease or other condition that affects normal
breathing. Some people may suffer from a condition where they need to use ventilators for a long
period or even for the rest of their lives.

A ventilator uses pressure to blow air into the lungs. This pressure is known as positive pressure.
A patient usually exhales the air on their own, but sometimes the ventilator does it for them too.
The amount of oxygen the patient receives can be controlled through a monitor connected to the
ventilator. If the patient’s condition is particularly fragile, the monitor will be set up to send an
alarm to the caregiver, indicating an increase in air pressure.

The machine works by bringing oxygen to the lungs and taking carbon dioxide out of the lungs. This
allows a patient who has trouble breathing to receive the proper amount of oxygen. It also helps the
patient’s body to heal, since it eliminates the extra energy of labored breathing.

A ventilator blows air into the airway through a breathing tube. One end of the tube is inserted into
patient’s windpipe and the other end is attached to the ventilator. The breathing tube serves as an
airway by letting air and oxygen from the ventilator flows into the lungs. Depending on the patient’s
medical condition, they may be able to use a respiratory mask instead of the breathing tubes.
 12V

Arduino UNO code

#include <Servo.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
// Set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo

int potpin = 0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer

int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin
float pos = 0;
void setup() {

lcd.init();

// Turn on the blacklight and print a message.

lcd.backlight();
myservo.attach(9);// attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Emergency Vent"); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(2,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Tech Undefined");
delay(4000);
}

void loop() {
val = analogRead(potpin); // reads the value of the potentiometer (value between 0 and 1023)
val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 180); // scale it to use it with the servo (value between 0 and 180)
myservo.write(val); // sets the servo position according to the scaled value
Serial.println(val);
delay(15); // waits for the servo to get there
if (val <=30 ) {
lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Fast Ang:100 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 4 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 100; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 100; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

}}

else if (val >=31 && val<=60 ) {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Fast Ang:110 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 4.43 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 110; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 110; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

}}

else if (val >=61 && val<=90 ) {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Fast Ang:120 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 3.53 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 120; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);

}}

else if (val >=91 && val<=120 ) {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Slow Ang:100 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 5 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 100; pos += 0.6) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 100; pos >= 0; pos -= 0.6) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
/// / waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
}}

else if (val >=121 && val<=150 ) {

lcd. Set Cursor (0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0
lcd.print("Spd:Slow Ang:110 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 5.5 sec ");
for (pos = 0; pos <= 110; pos += 0.6) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 110; pos >= 0; pos -= 0.6) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
}}

else if (val >=151 && val<=180 ) {

lcd.setCursor(0,0); //sets the cursor at row 0 column 0

lcd.print("Spd:Slow Ang:120 "); // prints 16x2 LCD MODULE
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //sets the cursor at row 1 column 2
lcd.print("Breath cycle 6 sec ");

for (pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos += 0.6) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees
// in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
}
for (pos = 120; pos >= 0; pos -= 0.6) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15);
// waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
}}

}
The physical feature of the proposed device

Cost breakdown (known materials)

Number Materials Number Cost (ETB) Total cost

1 LM35 Temperature 1 400

Sensor
2 Max30100 oximeter 1 400
ESP8266 WI-FI

1
3 1 450
Module

4 Arduino UNO 2 3000

5 LCD display 1 700

6 MG995 servo motor 1 700 0

7 12-volt adapter 1 450

8 12-volt battery 1 500 0

9 DC charge controlling 1 300

10
11
switch system

LDR
Resistor
1
4
50
10
0
12
13
14
LED
AC plug and socket
SPDT Mechanical
Relay
2
1
1
10
200
100
0
15
16
Transistor
Diode
1
2
100
50
E
17
18
Potentiometer
Soldering iron
1
1
100
150 T
and lead
19
20
Hot glue gun
AMBU bag
1
1
500
700 B
21 Aluminum sheet - 450
21 Hingers 12 150
22 Connecting - 150
wires
23 PCB board 2 200
24 Screws 30 150
25 Tl431 Zener 1 50
diode
26 IRFZ44N Mosfet 1 80

project flow and task allocation

Members Task Start End Budget
Nathnael Purchasing December December 10000
materials 21 24
Yonas ETB

Yab Working space December December

selection 25 26
-
Abubeker
The Prototype December January
whole 27 20
-
development
group

The Prototype testing January January

whole 23
-
21
members

Yab Final report January

- -
Nathneal 24
Letu
Bogale
Work plan
Gantt chart