01 02 03 LAW OF EQUIPARTITION OF ENERGY

DEGREES OF FREEDOM SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY MIXING OF GASES 1 K T

Energy for each molecule per f =-
2 B
CP − C V = R n1cv + n2cv +...... f
a) Total energy for molecule = -KB T
. For monoatomic gas, f =3 CVmix = 1 2 2
. For diatomic gas, CP − C V = R n 1+ n 2 3

KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

b)
- Mono- = -
5 +...... Monoatomic Molecule = -KB T
M
(specific heat 3 2
(a) at room temperature, f = 5 per unit mask)
n1cP + n2cP +......
f
Total energy for a mole= -R T
7 2
(b) at high temperature, R f Dia- = -
5
CPmix = 1 2

f = 7 c) C =- =- R
n1+ n2 +...... Total energy for n moles=nfRT
V -1 2 4 2
Tri- = - 3
For triatomic gas, 3 Monoatomic=-R T
(a) Linear f= 5 d) C
R
=- = 1+ -
f R
( 2) CP mix (1 mole) 2
-1
= 5
P
mix Diatomic= -R T
(b) Non-linear f= 6
e) =
CP
= 1 +-
2 CV mix (1 mole) 2
For each vibrational mode, f = 2 Cv Translatory Kinetic energy=-R T
3
f
(1 mole, f= 3)
2

Q3
Ideal gas is composed of polyatomic If CP and Cv denote the specific heats

Q1 Q2
Consider a mixture of n moles of helium gas and

Q4
A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of 02 and 4 moles
molecule that has 4 vibrational modes. of unit mass of nitrogen at constant pressure 2n moles of oxygen gas (molecules taken to be rigid) of Ar at temperature T. Neglecting all vibrational
and volume respectively, then as an ideal gas. It‛s Cp/CV value will be: modes, the total internal energy of the system is
Total degrees of freedom is
R R R
a) 12 b) 14 c) 8 d) 6 a) CP-CV= b) CP-CV= c) CP-CV= d) C -CV= R a) 19/13 b) 67/45 c) 40/27 d) 23/15 a) 4RT b) 15RT c) 9RT d) 11RT
28 14 7 P

VELOCITY OF GAS
06 05
Root Mean Average Speed: Most probable FIRST LAW OF
square speed: speed: Vmp :Vavg:Vrms = 1 : 1.13 : 1.225 THERMODYNAMICS

Arithmetic mean of speed of QP= U + W

07
U= ncv T
Square root of mean of square Speed possessed by maximum
molecules of gas at given
of speeds of different molecules, number of molecules of gas.
temperature.
vrms = v1 + v2 +............... + vn
W = Pdv
2 2 2

2RT 2P 2 kBT
n
v avg = I v1 I + I v2 I + ....... + I vnI vmp = =
ρ =
n M m
U
vrms =
3RT
=
3P
=
3kBT
v avg = 8RT = 8P MEAN FREE PATH = 1
M ρ m
πM πρ QP
Average distance travelled by
W
molecules between two
successive collisions
1 = 1- 1
1
d2 QP
λ mean = 1
2 πd n
2
Consider a gas of triatomic molecules. The molecules
are assumed to be triangular, made up of massless rigid
The rms speeds of the molecules of Hydrogen,
The mean free path of molecules of gas, r2
Oxygen & Carbon dioxide at the same temparature

Q5 Q6
rods whose vertices are occupied by atoms.The internal are VH, VO and Vc respectively, then: (radius r) is inversely proportional to d = diameter of molecules. T
energy of a mole of the gas at temperature T is:
a) r3 b) r2 n = no. of molecules per P
a) VH >VO>VC b) VC >VO>VH
a)
5
RT b)
3
RT c)
9
RT d) 3RT unit volume
2 2 2
c) VH =VO>VC d) VH =VO=VC c) r d) r

1 -
IDEAL PV=nRT
GAY PV
2
mn Vrms mn v 2 GAS
PRESSURE R=8.314 JK-1mol-1
BOYLE’S CHARLE’S LUSSAC’S P P/T

OF GAS 3 LAW
LAW
PV V V/T

LAW LAW
V
T V
T P
ρ
Relation between pressure
P
. PV = constant, if T =Constant . V α T; v = constant; P = constant.
. P α T; = constant; V = constant. and Kinetic Energy.
T T
3
. P 1V1 = P2V2 ,when gas changes it‛s . v 1 = v 2 ,when gas change its state . P1 =
P2 , when gas changes its state E = PV
state under constant T1 T2 under constant pressure. T1 T2 under constant Volume. 2
temperature.
Specific heat of Solids = 3R
WATER = 9R