BUSDUCT

BUS DUCTS
THEORY
APPLICATION
CLASSIFICATION
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
TESTS
SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS

THEORY
A) NON SEGREGATED / SEGREGATED PHASE BUSDUCTS
RATED CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY:
A FUNCTION OF
MATERIAL COMPOSITION (CONDUCTIVITY) OF BUSBAR (D50SWP / CISM)
(P=2.88 / 3.13)
SHAPE
- SKIN EFFECT (RATIO OF AC TO DC RESISTANCE)
- COOLING SURFACE
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
FINAL PERMISSIBLE TEMPERATURE (GENERALLY 85° TO 95° C
NO. OF BUSBARS IN PARALLEL- PROXIMITY EFFECT (GROUP DERATING)
COOLING EFFECT (ENCLOSURE)
- NATURAL COOLED
- FORCED COOLED
MOUNTING OF BUSBAR - VERTICAL / HORIZONTAL
FINISH COLOUR – EMISSIVITY (BLACK UPRATES CURRENT RATING BY 20%)
TABLE OF CURRENT RATINGS TO BE FOLLOWED AS GIVEN BY BUSBAR
MANUFACTURER. DERATING TO BE APPLIED TO OBTAIN SITE RATINGS .
INTERLEAVED BUSBAR DESIGN IS DONE TO IMPROVE CURRENT RATINGS.

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SHORT TIME THERMAL WITHSTAND CAPABILITY

ELECTRICAL ENERGY = HEAT ENERGY
I2Rt = k.m.s. (t1-t0)
INITIAL TEMPERATURE TO BE TAKEN AS 85° C
FINAL TEMPERATURE FOR ALUMINIUM IS 250° C.

FACTORS AFFECTING BUSBAR SUPPORT SPACING

FORCE BETWEEN TWO CONDUCTORS
F = kI2 / S Kg/m ‘k’ IS A FACTOR DEPENDING ON TYPE OF FAULT
CANTILEVER STRENGTH OF INSULATOR
COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF INSULATOR TO TAKE DEAD WEIGHT OF BUS
HEIGHT OF INSULATOR
PHASE SPACING (FORCE IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO SPACING)
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT
CHECK FOR BUSBAR STRENGTH
DEFLECTION (SHALL NOT RESULT IN DEFARMATION)
FIBRE STRESS (SHALL NOT EXCEED PERMISSIBLE VALUE / FOS OF 2.5)
NATURAL FREQUENCY OF OSCILLATION (SHALL BE AWAY FROM 50 Hz)

B) ISOLATED PHASE DUCT

ENCLOSURE RESISTANCE
Rdce= ρL / Ae
Race = Rdce * SKIN EFFECT FACTOR

CONDUCTOR RESISTANCE
Rdcc= ρL / Ac
Racc = Rdcc * SKIN EFFECT FACTOR

CONDUCTOR CURRENT = Ic
A CURRENT IS INDUCED IN THE ENCLOSURE EQUAL AND OPPOSITE TO CONDUCTOR
CURRENT

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ENCLOSURE CURRENT = Ie

HEAT PRODUCED BY CONDUCTOR AND ENCLOSURE

CONDUCTOR LOSSES = W1 = Ic2 * Racc
ENCLOSURE LOSSES = W2 = Ie2 * Race
ENCLOSURE BY CONVECTION = W3
ENCLOSURE BY RADIATION = W4
CONDUCTOR BY CONVECTION = W5
CONDUCTOR BY RADIATION = W6

CONVECTION LOSSES W3 & W5

FUNCTION OF (T1 - T0)1.25 FOR CIRCULAR SHAPE (TEMP. IN CENTIGRADE)

RADIATION LOSSES W4 & W6

FUNCTION OF (T14 - T04) (TEMP. IN KELVIN)

STEADY STATE TEMPERATURE OF CONDUCTOR & ENCLOSURE

FOR ENCLOSURE, W1+W2=W3+W4
FOR CONDUCTOR, W1=W5+W6

SHORT TIME THERMAL WITHSTAND CAPABILITY OF CONDUCTOR

ELECTRICAL ENERGY = HEAT ENERGY
I2Rt = k.m.s. (t1-t0)
INITIAL TEMP = 85° C. FINAL TEMP = 250° C
CURRENT RATING ARE CALCULATED BASED ON ABOVE.
INSULATOR SPACING
FORCE BETWEEN TWO CONDUCTORS
F = (SF) kI2 / S Kg/m ‘k’ IS A FACTOR DEPENDING ON TYPE OF FAULT, WHERE SF =
SHIELDING FACTOR (0.05-0.1)

CHECK FOR BUSBAR STRENGTH

DEFLECTION

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FIBRE STRESS
NATURAL FREQUENCY OF OSCILLATION

FACTORS AFFECTING BUSBAR SPACING

CANTILEVER STRENGTH OF INSULATOR
COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF INSULATOR
HEIGHT OF INSULATOR
PHASE SPACING
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT
SEISMIC REQUIREMENT
FACTOR OF SAFETY OF 2.5 CONSIDERED ON INSULATOR STRENGTH

IPBD PHILOSOPHY
TRANSFERS BUS CONDUCTOR FORCES TO ENCLOSURE
INCREASES BUS SUPPORT DISTANCE TO MINIMISE CREEPAGE PATH
ELIMINATES PHASE TO PHASE FAULT
CONDUCTOR CURRENT (Ic) WHICH INDUCES A CURRENT Ie IN ENCLOSURE WHICH
OPPOSES Ic
THE RESIDUAL CURRENT Ir IS VECTOR SUM OF Ic & Ie AND CARRIES FLUX EXTERNAL
TO ENCLOSURE. CURRENT Ir WILL RESULT IN HEATING OF SUPPORT BEAMS DUE TO
HYSTERESIS LOSSES IN STEEL. COPPER BANDS ARE USED ON THE BEAMS TO MINIMISE
THE SAME.

APPLICATION
OPEN BUSBARS
RECTIFIER TRANSFORMER TO ARC FURNACES

NON-SEGREGATED BUSDUCT
APPLICATIONS UPTO 1.1 kV (LV & MV)
TRANSFORMER TO PCC
PCC TO PCC
GENSETS TO PCC

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SEGREGATED BUSDUCT
APPLICATIONS IN HV 3.3kV / 6.6kV / 11kV
SWITCHGEAR TO SWITCHGEAR
SWITCHGEAR TO TRANSFORMER
GENERATOR TO TRANSFORMER
GENERATOR TO SWITCHGEAR

ISOLATED PHASE BUSDUCT

HV GENERATOR APPLICATIONS
GENERATOR TO GENERATOR TRANSFORMER ABOVE 3000 AMP

CHOICE OF SEG AND NON - SEG BUSDUCT

A TECHNO-ECONOMIC STUDY HAS TO BE CARRIED OUT BETWEEN USE OF CABLES &
BUSDUCT:

CABLES
COST OF CABLES, LAYING, GLANDS, LUGS, TERMINATION, STRUCTURAL STEEL, CABLE
TRAYS AND CIVIL WORKS.

BUSDUCTS
COST OF STRAIGHT RUN, BENDS, END ADAPTOR BOXES, FLEXIBLES AND JOINTING,
STRUCTURAL STEEL SUPPORTS

BUS DUCTS – RATINGS AND RANGES:

OPEN BUSBARS
VOLTAGES UPTO 150V
CURRENT UPTO 200000 AMPS
SHORT CIRCUIT LEVEL UPTO 25kA (MAX)

NON-SEGREGATED TYPE
VOLTAGES - 415V AC
CURRENT - 1000-4000A
SC LEVEL - 80kA

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SEGREGATED TYPE
VOLTAGES - 3.6 kV/7.2 kV/12 kV/17.5 kV/24 kV/36 kV
CURRENTS – 500 TO 4000A
SC LEVEL - 40kA

ISOLATED PHASE BUS

VOLTAGES - 3.6 kV TO 36 kV
CURRENTS - 3000 A TO 26000 A
SC LEVEL - 200 kA

CLASSIFICATION OF BUS DUCTS BASED ON SERVICE CONDITION

INDOOR
OUTDOOR
TYPE OF COOLING
NATURAL AIR COOLED
FORCED AIR COOLED
WATER COOLED

TYPE OF INSULATION MEDIUM

AIR INSULATED
GAS INSULATED (SF6)
SOLID INSULATED (BUSWAYS)

TYPE OF ENCLOSURE
OPEN BUSBAR
NON-PHASE SEGREGATED
PHASE SEGREGATED
PHASE ISOLATED
- DISCONTINUOUS
- CONTINUOUSLY BONDED

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TYPE OF APPLICATION
LOW REACTANCE
HIGH REACTANCE

VOLTAGE RATING
LOW VOLTAGE
MEDIUM VOLTAGE
HIGH VOLTAGE

CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
A) MAIN COMPONENTS OF NSPBD / SPBD
BUSBAR
BUS ENCLOSURE
BUS SUPPORT INSULATOR
WALL FRAME ASSEMBLY
ENCLOSURE SUPPORT
ACCESORIES

BUSBARS:
ELECTROLYTIC GRADE ALUMINIUM OR COPPER
RECTANGULAR BARS - SINGLE OR MULTIPLE
ROLLED SECTION – ANGLES / CHANNEL / TEE - SINGLE OR MULTIPLE
BARE OR SLEEVED (NSPBD/SPBD)
BLACK MATT PAINTED

BUSBAR JOINTS:
BOLTED
RIGID
EXPANSION
FLEXIBLE
DISCONNECTING LINKS

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BUSBAR CLAMPS AND HARDWARE

TERMINAL CLAMPS AT EQUIPMENT END
AT INSULATOR LOCATIONS
SPACERS FOR MULTIPLE BUSBARS

BUS ENCLOSURE:
ENCLOSURE
MS SHEET FOR SEG & NON-SEG PH BUS DUCTS UPTO 3150A
ALUMINIUM SHEET FOR RATINGS 4000A & ABOVE
PHASE BARRIERS - USED ONLY FOR SPBD
MS SHEET / AL / INSULATING MATERIAL
DIMENSIONS SHALL ALLOW SUFFICIENT PH-PH & PH-EARTH CLEARANCES BETWEEN
BUSBAR AND ENCLOSURE FOR NSPBD AND PH-EARTH FOR SPBD
BLACK MATT PAINTED INSIDE, GREY OUTSIDE

ENCLOSURE JOINTS
FLANGED BOLTED JOINTS BETWEEN TRANSPORT SECTIONS
RUBBER BELLOW JOINTS AT TERMINAL EQPT
RUBBER BELLOW IN THE RUN OF THE BUSDUCT TO TAKE CARE OF EXPANSION AND
ALIGNMENTS

BUS SUPPORT INSULATOR

PERMALI WOOD FOR NSPB (LV & MV)
DMC & SMC - DO -
EPOXY
PORCELAIN
SHOULD HAVE SUFFICIENT
ANTILEVER STRENGTH
OMPRESSION STRENGTH
CREEPAGE
DRY PF WITHSTAND
IMPULSE WITHSTAND

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WALL FRAME ASSEMBLY AND SEAL OFF BUSHING

PURPOSE
SEALING BETWEEN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR BUSDUCTS
PREVENTS LEAKAGE OF RAIN WATER & DUST FROM OUTDOOR TO INDOOR
PREVENTS MIXING OF AIR WITHIN DUCT AT TWO DIFF TEMP IN INDOOR & OUTDOOR

COMPONENTS
ALUMINIUM ANGLE FRAME WORK EMBEDDED IN WALL
AN ALUMINIUM SHEET FIXED TO THE FRAME
THROUGH BUSHING WITH CENTRE FIXING ARRANGEMENT WITH EMBEDDED COPPER
BAR
THE BUS ENCLOSURE IS TERMINATED ON THE SHEET ON BOTH SIDES
THE BUS BARS ARE TERMINATED ON BUSHING BAR ON EITHER SIDE
BUSHINGS SHALL HAVE SUFFICIENT MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL STRENGTH

ENCLOSURE SUPPORT
FLOOR SUPPORT
CEILING SUPPORT
GALVANISED STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK
SHALL WITHSTAND WIND LOAD, FORCES DUE TO SHORT CIRCUIT AND SEISMIC
ACCELERATION

ACCESSORIES
INSPECTION COVERS NEAR JOINTS / INSULATORS
DRAIN PLUGS AND VENTS
GASKETS
RAIN COVER
BREATHER
SPACE HEATERS
EARTH BUSBARS

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B-1) IPBD
MAIN COMPONENTS
BUSBAR
BUS ENCLOSURE
BUS SUPPORT INSULATOR
WALL FRAME ASSEMBLY
ENCLOSURE SUPPORT
ACCESORIES
(ABOVE ARE COMMON FOR SPBD / IPBD)

B-2) ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS OF ISOLATED PHASE BUSDUCT

COOLING SYSTEM
PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
HOT AIR BLOWING SYSTEM
LAVT CUBICLE
NEUTRAL GROUNDING EQPT
GENERATOR ADOPTER BOX
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS ON PHASE & NEUTRAL SIDE

BUSBARS:
ELECTROLYTIC GRADE ALUMINIUM OR COPPER
RECTANGULAR BARS - SINGLE OR MULTIPLE
ROLLED SECTION
ANGLES / CHANNEL / TEE - SINGLE OR MULTIPLE
FORMED SECTIONS - CIRCULAR / POLYGON
BLACK MATT PAINTED

BUSBAR JOINTS:
WELDED
* RIGID * EXPANSION
BOLTED
* RIGID * EXPANSION
* FLEXIBLE * DISCONNECTING LINKS

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BUSBAR CLAMPS AND HARDWARE

TERMINAL CLAMPS AT EQUIPMENT END
AT INSULATOR LOCATIONS
SPACERS FOR MULTIPLE BUSBARS

BUS ENCLOSURE:
ENCLOSURE
ALUMINIUM SHEET
DIMENSIONS SHALL ALLOW SUFFICIENT PH - EARTH CLEARANCES BETWEEN BUSBAR
AND ENCLOSURE
BLACK MATT PAINTED INSIDE, GREY OUTSIDE

ENCLOSURE JOINTS
BONDING ENCLOSURE
RUBBER BELOW JOINTS AT TERMINAL EQPT
FLEXIBLE EXPANSION JOINTS IN THE RUN OF BUS DUCT
METALLIC BELLOW OR RUBBER BELLOW WITH COPPER FLEXIBLE PARALLEL LINKS

BUS SUPPORT INSULATOR

PORCELAIN INSULATORS OR EPOXY INSULATORS 1 / 2 / 3 / 4
SHOULD HAVE SUFFICIENT
CANTILEVER STRENGTH
COMPRESSION STRENGTH
CREEPAGE
DRY PF WITHSTAND
IMPULSE WITHSTAND

WALL FRAME ASSEMBLY & SEAL OFF BUSHING

PURPOSE
SEALING BETWEEN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR BUSDUCTS
PREVENTS LEAKAGE OF RAIN WATER & DUST FROM OUTDOOR TO INDOOR

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PREVENTS MIXING OF AIR WITHIN DUCT AT TWO DIFF TEMP IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR

COMPONENTS
ALUMINIUM ANGLE FRAME WORK EMBEDDED IN WALL.
AN ALUMINIUM SHEET FIXED TO THE FRAME.
THROUGH BUSHING WITH CENTRE EMBEDDED COPPER BAR FIXING ARRANGEMENT
WITH EMBEDDED COPPER BAR.
THE BUS ENCLOSURE IS TERMINATED ON THE SHEET ON BOTH SIDES.
THE BUS BARS ARE TERMINATED ON BUSHING BAR ON EITHER SIDE.
BUSHINGS SHALL HAVE SUFFICIENT MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL STRENGTH.

ENCLOSURE SUPPORT
CHANNEL RING AND BRACKETS
TRANSFER BEAMS
INSULATOR SUPPORT
STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
FLOOR SUPPORT
CEILING SUPPORT
GALVANISED STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK
SHALL WITHSTAND WIND LOAD, FORCES DUE TO SHORT CIRCUIT AND SEISMIC
ACCELERATION

ACCESSORIES
INSPECTION COVERS NEAR JOINTS/INSULATORS
DRAIN PLUGS AND VENTS
GASKETS
RAIN COVER
BREATHER
EARTH BUSBARS
COOLING SYSTEM
ONCE THROUGH SYSTEM
RECIRCULATING TYPE

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HEAT EXCHANGERS
AIR TO AIR
AIR TO WATER
INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL PANEL
PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
COMPRESSORS
DRYER
VALVES & REDUCERS
COPPER TUBINGS
INSTRUMENTATION
CONTROL PANEL

HOT AIR BLOWING SYSTEM (USED DURING STARTUP ONLY TO IMPROVE MEGGAR
VALUE OF INSULATORS)
PORTABLE TROLLEY COMPRISING
COMPRESSORS
HEATERS
VALVES
INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL PANEL
AIR DUCTS
BLANK FLANGES

LAVT CUBICLE
DRAW-OUT VT MODULE WITH HV & LV FUSES (FOR METERING, PROTECTION & AVR)
SURGE ARRESTORS
CAPACITORS
SET OF BUSBARS
MALE / FEMALE CONTACTS FOR PRIMARY & SECONDARY SIDE
EARTHING SYSTEM FOR VT
MARSHALLING BOX

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NEUTRAL GROUNDING EQPT

NEUTRAL GROUNDING TRANSFORMER
RESISTOR OR REACTOR
CURRENT TRANSFORMER

GENERATOR ADOPTER BOX

SET OF BUSBARS
SET OF INSULATORS
FLEXIBLE CONNECTORS
SEAL-OFF BUSHING TO PREVENT HYDROGEN LEAKAGE
HYDROGEN LEAKAGE VENTING OR MONITORING EQUIPMENT

CURRENT TRANSFORMERS ON PHASE & NEUTRAL SIDE

RING TYPE CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR METERING, PROTECTION & AVR
CT MARSHALLING BOXES

TYPE TESTS:
ONE MINUTE POWER FREQUENCY WITHSTAND VOLTAGE
IMPULSE WITHSTAND
TEMPERATURE RISE
DYNAMIC WITHSTAND
WATER TIGHTNESS
AIR TIGHTNESS

ROUTINE TESTS:
ONE MINUTE POWER FREQ WITHSTAND VOLTAGE
WATER TIGHTNESS
AIR TIGHTNESS

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SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR NSPBD / SPBD

BUSBAR/ENCLOSURE SIZING
NORMAL CURRENT RATING
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RATING
TEMPERATURE RISE FOR NORMAL CURRENT / SC CURRENT
CHECK FOR BUSBAR STRENGTH
FIBRE STRESS
DEFLECTION
NATURAL FREQ OF OSCILLATIONS

CORRECTION FACTORS
MATERIAL COMPOSITION (K1)
D50 SWP SPECIFIC RES 3.166 K1=1.00
CISM SPECIFIC RES 2.860 K1=1.03

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (K2)

AMB TEMP TEMP RISE FINAL TEMP DF K2
35 50 85 1.00
40 45 85 0.94
45 40 85 0.88
50 35 85 0.82
55 30 85 0.75

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ENCLOSURE MATERIAL (K3)

ENCLOSURE CSA OF BUS / CSA OF ENCL DF K3
1. OUTDOORS <1.0% 0.95
5% 0.90
10% 0.85
2. INDOORS
WELL VENTILATED <1% 0.85
5% 0.75
10% 0.65
3. INDOORS
POORLY VENTILATED <1% 0.65
5% 0.60
10% 0.50

ENCLOSURE MATERIAL (K4)

ALUMINIUMK4 = 1.00
STEEL K4 = 0.85
PROXIMITY EFFECT (K5)
PHASE SPACING DF K5
3 TIMES BUSBAR WIDTH 0.82
4 - DO - 0.89
5 - DO - 0.95
6 - DO - 0.99

BLACK MATT PAINTING (K6)

K6 = 1.2
TOTAL DERATING FACTOR (K) = K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 *K5 * K6
CURRENT RATING UNDER ACTUAL SITE CONDS. = (OPEN AIR RATING) x K

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SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR NSPBD / SPBD

Rating Required 415 V, 3150A, TPN, 40 kA for 1Sec.
Ambient 45°C
Busbar Size 4 x 152 x 12.7 / Phase
Partly Indoor / Partly Outdoor
AC Current Rating 5100 A
Material D50SWP

Rated Current Alt 1 Alt 2

1 Enclosure Size (mm) 1000 x 450 1200 x 550
2 Phase Spacing (mm) 250 300
3 K1 (Material) 1.0 1.0
4 K2 (Amb) 0.88 0.88
5 K3 (Encl. Size) 0.65 0.75
Busbar / Encl. Area (6%) (4%)
6 K4 (Encl. Material) 1 1
7 K5 (Proximity Effect) 0.82 0.84
Ph. Sp / width (2.8) (3.3)
8 K6 (Painting) 1.2 1.2
9 Total DF 0.562 0.665
10 Site Rating (Amps) 2866 3392

SC Current Isc = [2.17 x 104 / sq.rt T] x sq. rt. Log10[(250+273) / (85+273)]

= [2.17 x 104 / sq.rt T] x sq. rt. Log10(523) / 358)
= 67.96 kA > 40 kA

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SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR IPBD

a. Main Busduct - Basic Design Data
1 Rated Current (Amps) : 10000.00
2 Rated Voltage (kV) : 24.00
3 Outer Diameter of the Conductor (mm) : 500.00
4 Conductor Thickness (mm) : 14.00
5 Cross Sectional Area of Conductor (sq.m) : 0.0214
6 Conductor Outer Surface Area Per Meter (S2) (sq.m) : 1.57
7 Conductor Inner Surface Area Per Meter (sq.m) : 1.48
8 Enclosure Outer Diameter (mm) : 970.00
9 Enclosure Thickness (mm) : 6.00
10 Enclosure Cross Section (sq.m) : 0.0182
11 Enclosure Surface Area Per Meter (S1) (sq.m) : 3.05
12 Conductivity of Enclosure : 60% IACS
13 Type of Enclosure : Continuous
14 Phase Spacing (mm) : 1200.00
15 Emissivity Factor for Busbar (e1) : 0.85
16 Emissivity Factor for Enclosure (e2) : 0.85
17 Ambient Temperature (deg.C) : 40.00
18 Conductor Temperature Final Permitted (deg C) : 90.00

I HEAT GENERATED IN THE CONDUCTOR (W1)

1 Conductor Maximum Temperature (T1) (deg.C) : 68.85
2 DC Resistance at 20 degrees (micro Ohms/mtr) : 1.47
3 DC Resistance at T1 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 1.62
4 Skin Effect : 1.01
5 AC Resistance at T1 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 1.64
6 Heat Generated (W1) : 164.20

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II HEAT GENERATED IN THE ENCL. (W2)

1 Enclosure Maximum Temperature (T2) (deg.C) : 52.85
2 DC Resistance at 20 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 1.73
3 DC Resistance at T2 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 1.81
4 Skin Effect : 1.00
5 AC Resistance at T2 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 1.81
6 Heat Generated (W2) 116.74

III HEAT DISSIPATED BY ENCLOSURE

1 By Convection (W3) ('watts/mtr) : 99.01
2 By Radiation (W4) ('watts/mtr) : 246.01
3 Total Heat Generated (W1+W2) ('watts/mtr) : 280.94
4 Total Heat Dissipated (W3+W4) ('watts/mtr) : 345.02
5 Enclosure Temperature (T2) (deg.C) : 52.85
6 Conductor Ambient Temperature (T2) (deg.C) : 52.85

IV HEAT DISSIPATED BY THE CONDUCTOR

1 By Convection (W5) ('watts/mtr) : 165.53
2 By Radiation (W6) ('watts/mtr) : 167.36
3 Total Heat Generated (W1) ('watts/mtr) : 345.02
4 Total Heat Dissipated (W5+W6) ('watts/mtr) : 332.89

V CONCLUSION
1 Ambient Temperature (TA) (deg.C) : 40.00
2 Enclosure Temperature (T2) (deg.C) : 52.85
3 Busbar Temperature (T1) (deg.C) : 68.85

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b. Tap off Busduct - Basic Design Data

1 Rated Current (Amps) : 1000.00
2 Rated Voltage (kV) : 24.00
3 Outer Diameter of the Conductor (mm) : 100.0
4 Conductor Thickness (mm) : 10.00
5 Cross Sectional Area of Conductor (sq.m) : 0.002
6 Conductor Outer Surface
Area Per Meter (sq.m) : 0.31
7 Conductor Inner Surface
Area Per Meter (sq.m) : 0.25
8 Enclosure Outer Diameter (mm) : 570.00
9 Enclosure Thickness (mm) : 4.00
10 Enclosure Cross Section (sq.m) : 0.0071
11 Enclosure Surface Area Per Meter (sq.m) : 1.79
12 Conductivity of Enclosure : 60% IACS
13 Type of Enclosure : Continuous
14 Phase Spacing (mm) : 900.00
15 Emissivity Factor for
Enclosure and Busbar : 0.85
16 Ambient Temperature (deg.C) : 40.00
17 Conductor Temperature
Final Permitted (deg C) : 90.00

I HEAT GENERATED IN THE CONDUCTOR (W1)

1 Conductor Maximum Temperature (T1) (deg.C) : 46.25
2 DC Resistance at 20 degrees (micro Ohms/mtr) : 11.09
3 DC Resistance at T1 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 11.34
4 Skin Effect : 1.00
5 AC Resistance at T1 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 11.35
6 Heat Generated (W1) : 11.35

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II HEAT GENERATED IN THE ENCL. (W2)

1 Enclosure Maximum Temperature (T2) (deg.C) : 41.25
2 DC Resistance at 20 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 4.41
3 DC Resistance at T2 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 4.43
4 Skin Effect : 1.01
5 AC Resistance at T2 degrees (Ohms/mtr) : 4.47
6 Heat Generated (W2) : 4.47

III HEAT DISSIPATED BY ENCLOSURE (W3)

1 By Convection (W3) ('watts/mtr) : 3.61

2 By Radiation (W4) ('watts/mtr) : 13.30
3 Total Heat Generated (W1+W2) ('watts/mtr) : 15.82
4 Total Heat Dissipated (W3+W4) ('watts/mtr) : 16.91
5 Enclosure Temperature (T2) (deg.C) : 41.25
6 Conductor Ambient Temperature (T2) (deg.C) : 41.25

IV HEAT DISSIPATED BY THE CONDUCTOR (W4)

1 By Convection (W5) ('watts/mtr) : 7.32
2 By Radiation (W6) ('watts/mtr) : 9.62
3 Total Heat Generated (W1) ('watts/mtr) : 16.91
4 Total Heat Dissipated (W5+W6) ('watts/mtr) : 16.94

V CONCLUSION
1 Ambient Temperature (TA) (deg.C) : 40.00
2 Enclosure Temperature (T2) (deg.C) : 41.25
3 Busbar Temperature (T1) (deg.C) : 46.25

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c. Main Busduct
1 Short Circuit Current RMS sym (Amps) : 100000
2 Phase Spacing (Meter) : 1.2
3 Multiplication Factor : 2.94
4 Force along Centerline of Busbar
without Enclosure (Kg/mtr) : 793.8
5 Shielding Factor : 0.05
6 Force on Shielded Busbar (Kg/mtr) : 39.69
7 Cantilever Strength of Insulator (Kg) : 2750
8 Compression Strength of Insulator (Kg) : 10000
9 Factor of Safety : 2.5
10 Average span of Support Insulator
based on Cantilever Strength (Meter) : 55
11 Average span of support Insulator
based on compression Strength (Meter) : 116
12 Adopted span (Meter) : 3.8

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d Tap off Busduct

1 Short Circuit Current RMS sym (Amps) : 100000
2 Phase Spacing (Meter) : 0.9
3 Multiplication Factor : 2.94
4 Force along Center line of Busbar
without Enclosure (Kg/mtr) : 1058.4
5 Shielding Factor : 0.05
6 Force on Shielded Busbar (Kg/mtr) : 52.92
7 Cantilever Strength of Insulator (Kg) : 2750
8 Compression Strength of Insulator (Kg) : 10000
9 Factor of Safety : 2.5
10 Average span of Support Insulator
based on Cantilever Strength (Meter) : 42
11 Average span of Support Insulator
based on Compression Strength (Meter) : 87
12 Adopted span (Meter) : 3.8

e. Check for Thermal withstand Capacity of Main & Tapoff Busduct

Main Busduct Tapoff Busduct
1 Short Circuit Current (kA) : 10000 10000
2 Short Circuit Duration (sec) : 3 3
3 Initial Temperature (T2) (deg C) : 90 90
4 Final Temperature (Tf) (deg C) : 250 250
5 Cross-sectional area required (Sq.mm) : 190.771878 190.771878
6 Cross-sectional area
provided for Main Bus (Sq.mm) : 21400
7 Cross-sectional are
provided for Tap off Bus (Sq.mm) : 2800

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