Introduction

Given the accelerated rate of turbulence in the business environment, maintaining

good and effective communication as a human resource strategy remain critical to
building industrial harmony, where employees are highly motivated to keep the
organizationcompetitive through increased productivity and sustained
growthChukwuka (2015). Equally, the cost of communication has been drastically
reduced with the advent of technological advancementtherefore using the right
communication approaches will drivepositive outcome to the benefit of the
organization.

It is against this background that Suparna (2017) argue that robust conversation is
essential to any group's success - whether or not it is a small operation or a
multinational corporation. Potent verbal exchange is a valuable point for human
useful resource leaders.Martin etal (2011)states that every employee and manager
believe that communication is essential to the success of any company. Employees
and managers should be prepared to examine and solve problems that will lead to
growth and development of the organization. Hence, Chukwuka (2015) argue that
low morale, poor productivity, interpersonal conflicts and excessive turnover are
side effects of poor communication.

The ability to communicate is an essential life skill and one that can only be
continually developed (Paul and Helen, 2013). It is a general belief that no group
can exist without communication. Only communication can successfully aid the
completion of any task or business transaction that requires more than one person.
The process of communication therefore involves imparting or exchanging of
information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium (CIPM, 2007).

Each person's communication style is a unique combination of their own innate

skills and the term communication is derived from the latin word ‘communis’,
meaning ‘common’. Stephen (1993) sees communication as a process of
transmitting or transferring information. The communication initiator is called the
sender and the intendedcommunication recipient is called the receiver.It's nearly
unimaginable to interactdailywithoutverbal or some other form of communication
exchanges. Communication enables two or more persons to sends and receives
information. Information transmission expertise can include data, recommendations,
ideas, opinions, beliefs, attitudes, directions and emotions., (Bello-Imam et al,
2007).
Communication skills include those learned both formally and through experience.
What helps some people communicate better than others are their ability to adapt
their types to the message, environment and trade. Whilst individuals may favour a
way of communicating, they can alter their behavior to other communication styles
if necessary to suit a situation. This flexibility helps them to come across as
knowledgeable, confident, and empathetic (Gariola et al., 2004). It is important to
note that without effective communication, the management function of planning,
organising, directing, monitoring and evaluatingin the organizations cannot be
effectivelyimplemented. Put differently, effective communication serves as a
fundamentalpart of human resource management. Hence Onah (2003), expressed
support for the place of communication and its purpose as a coordinating and
controlling instrument in the enterprise by offering a means of effective and efficient
combination of human and material resources. This paper therefore intends to
ascertainthe existence of any substantial relation between communication and
employee’s performance in organisation management.

Meaning
HR communication is a two way process that involves information being sent from
HR to employees and from employees up to HR. Employees who feel their voice is
heard are 4.6 times more likly to be empowered to perform their best work, a 5%
increase in employee engagement can lead to a 3% jump in revenue. This paper
therefore intends to ascertainthe existence of any substantial relation between
communication and employee’s performance in organisation management.This is an
explanatory research builton perceptions drawn from the analysis of the existing
literature of various scholars documented in journals, periodicals and books
connected to communication and human resources management so as to examine
the connection between communication and human resource management.
Contemporary thoughts and writing of experts on communication and human
resource management were also reviewed through internet sources. To this
extent13 books, 4 Journal articles and 9 internet materials were reviewed for the
study. The research findings will help human resource practitioners, administrators
and business managersto acquire useful information and knowledge on the
application of effective communication as an organizational strategy for increased
productivity and sustained growth.
Definition
According to Akindele (2007), communication is simply the transmission of
information from one place to another. It is information sharing in which the
recipient understands how the message is intended to be delivered. Although this is a
simple definition, it includes more than passing along factual data. It involves
sharing ideas, beliefs, and opinions. It's a two-means process between sender and
receiver. On their part, Bello-Imam et al (2007) explained that communication is the
sharing or exchange of ideas, meanings and experiences by employers, employees,
and other stakeholders of an organization-a matter of a two-way interaction in which
they constantly exchange positions as sender and receiver, not a one way process in
which a person, like the management of an organization is the sender all the time
and the employees are at the receiving end all the time In the same vein, CIPM
(2007) sees communication as the process through which an individual gets others to
understand what he feels, thinks, wants and needs, accept them and take action if
necessary.

Scolt and Mitchell (1976) considered that the conversation was between two or more
people to be transmitted and agreed upon. The person which transmits the message
is called the transmitter, while the recipient is the person receiving the knowledge.
Communication is an activity, skill, and art that incorporates lessons learned across a
wide spectrum of human knowledge (Paul and Helen, 2013). It is in the light of this,
that Obilade (1987) agreed that communication is the bond that hold a society
together, without which there would be no coordination, no cooperation, and indeed
no social organization. It is in this direction that Bello-Imam et al (2007) assert that
communication is a vehicle which allows employers and employee opportunities to
recall the past, think of the present, and plan for the future. The ability to
communicate is an essential life skill and one that can be continually developed. It is
easy for persons who are good communicators to develop empathy and confidence
with others. They adapt to the audience and the situation they are being presented by
their communication style. The following model thus shows an organization's
communication flow:

Communication is a two-way
process

Success is attained when

Hasson (2012) identified the various categories of communication and point out that
more than one category may occur at the same time. These various communication
categories include:

 Spoken or verbal Communication: face to face, telephone, television or radio

and other media. oral communication.
 Non-VerbalCommunication: body language, gestures, how we dress or act -
even our scent.
 WrittenCommunication: letters, e-mails, books, magazines, the Internet or via
other media.
 Visualizations:graphsandcharts, maps, logos and other visualizations can
communicate messages.

For the purpose of this paper, the authors see communication as a two-way approach
to mutual methods of understanding (verbal or non-verbal), in which participants
exchange (encode - decode) information, news, ideas and feelings while also
creating and sharing their meaning. This aligns with Scolt and Mitchell (1976)
submissions that Communication entails a multiple process which could be between
two or more people who shares information. From the foregoing, we can assert the
following characteristics of communication.

- At least, two people must be involved for communication to happen: one person
to send the message and the other person to receive it.
- It involves shared meaning.
- Communication involves the use of symbols like word, sound, numbers, letters
and gestures.
- It requires skills in writing, reading, speaking, gesturing and listening.

Functions of Communication
In any organization, effective communication is very important. It enables the
organizational process of Notifying, convincing and encouraging. In order to
achieve great performance, workers must have excellent organization’s verbal
exchange competencies. Hence, Oribabor (2004) opined that communication serves
four major purposes in organizations: control, motivation, emotional expression, and
information. The idea of giving information and data within an organization is to
make it possible to employees to complete their work effectively. Information is
knowledge and knowledge ensure that a worker is aware of the principles and
systems of a group. If workers are fully trained, job insecurity is also eliminated.
Communication acts to control member behaviour in several ways.

Organizations have hierarchies of authority and formal directives to follow by

employees. According to Akindele (2007) In order to follow its job description or to
comply with company policy, for example, anemployeeis expected to first
communicate with their immediate employee boss of any job - related grievance
before escalating to the hierarchy. Akindele (2007) further asserts that informal
communication also controls behaviour. Informal communication additionally
controls behaviour. When work colleagues tease or harass a member, who produces
too much (and make the leisure of the workforce seem bad), they're informally
communicating with, and controlling the member’s behavior.

Source: Authors
Apart from controlling, Communication also encourages motivation in clarifying
who to do what, how to do it and the employees to do it. This help to improve their
performance. Also, communication provides the opportunity for employees to
release their emotional expression of feelings and for the fulfilment of social needs,
(Bello-Imam et al 2007). Communication facilitates the role of decision making by
supplying information for the individuals and groups to base their decision. It does
this by communicating data in order to identify alternatives and evaluate them.
CIPM (2007) further amplified the following functions of communication:

a. Effective communication encourages greater productivity. Here through

communication, employees will understand their jobs, their roles and what is
expected of them.
b. Effective communication employs a two-way system that allows subordinates
to express themselves, ask question, contribute ideas and feel belonged.
c. Effective communication enables organizations to avoid costly failures.
d. Communication allows employees to communicate their needs and feelings
among themselves thereby ensuring that the spirit of cooperation exists.
Process of Communication
As already stated, Bello-Imam et al (2007) define a process of communication as the
exchange of meaningful information with a view to understanding the intended
message by the recipient. It begins with the conceptualization of strategies by means
of the sender who then transmits the message by way of a channel to the receiver,
who in turn offers the feedback in the type of some message or sign within the given
time period. The communication process tries to answer the “what” and “how” of
communication, that is, the means and stages of communication (CIPM, 2017).
There exist different models to depict the process of the interpersonal
communication, but the key elements include;

 The sender
 The receiver
 The message
 The medium
 The channel
 The context
 Feedback

Source: Authors

1. Sender:The sender or the communicator is the person who initiates the dialog
and has conceptualized the idea that he intends to bring to others.
2. Encoding:The sender begins with the encoding system where he uses targeted
phrases or nonverbal approaches comparable to symbols, indicators, physique
gestures, etc. To translate the knowledge into a message. The sender’s talents,
advantage, perception, history, talents, and so on. This has a nice effect on the
success of the message.
3. Message:Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message that he
intends to deliver. The message can also be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal
corresponding to body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, and so forth. It could also
be some other signal that triggers the response of a receiver.
4. Communication Channel:The Sender chooses the medium through which he
needs to deliver his message to the recipient. It must be selected carefully so as to
 make the message strong and effectively interpreted by using the recipient. The
alternative of medium is determined by the interpersonal relationships between
the sender and the receiver and in addition on the urgency of the message being
despatched. Oral, digital, written, sound, gesture, and many others are one of the
crucial typically used communique mediums.

Source: Authors

5. Receiver:The recipient is the person who is expected to receive the message. He

tries to appreciate it in the best possible manner, such that the communication
goal is attained. The measure to which the receiver understands the message
depends on his competencies of the subject matter, experience, trust and
relationship with the sender.
6. Decoding:In this context, the recipient interprets the message of the sender and
tries to understand it in the best way. A strong communication will happen if the
recipient understands the message in the same way as the sender intends.
7. Taking of Action. Here the positive message receives positive attention while
negative message receives negative attention.
8. Feedback:The feedback is the final step of the system that ensures the receiver
has received the message and interpreted it properly as intended by the sender. It
raises the effectiveness of the conversation because it enables the sender to
understand the efficiency of his message. The response of the receiver could also
be verbal or non-verbal.

Barriers to Effective Communication

Issues arise in communication when the message is misunderstood.This problem
stems from misinterpretation of intended messages. A few of these differences are
within our control, others are usually not, and being forewarned about such
boundaries influences how communications effectiveness. In Akindele (2007) view,
two major barriers to effective communication are distractions and distortions.
Whereas, distraction occurs when communication process is interfered with,
distortions on the other hand, may be deliberate or not deliberate derail of the
communication process. It refers to how people consciously or unconsciously
change message. Paul and Henry (2013) regard these barriers to effective
communication to simply as noise. Noise shows the barriers in communications.
There are chances that a message sent by the sender is not received by the recipient
because of some interference. Some of the barriers to effective communication
include:

• Physical barriers (noise, invisibility, physical problems).

• Language barriers (graphical mistakes, verbalism, etc.)
• Psychological barriers (anxiety, boredom, nervousness)

Importance of Communication
According to Christopher (1997), The main functions of the management, i.e.,
planning, organization, leadership and monitoring, are a product of efficient
communication by the managers of organizations. Communication helps managers
to perform their jobs and responsibilities. Communication serves as a foundation for
planning. All the essential information must be communicated to the managers who
in-turn must communicate the plans to implement them. Organizing also requires
effective communication with others about their job task. Similarly, leaders as
managers must communicate effectively with their subordinates to achieve the team
goals. Controlling is not possible without written and oral communication (Onwuka,
1964). Apart from facilitating the building of employee trust, Brian and Wendy
(2003) opined that good communication equally preserve relationship, support
collaboration, engender team spirit, reduces ambiguity and enhance clarity of
purpose. It is against this backdrop that Hasson (2012) enumerated the following
key importance of communication to HRM:

1. Effective communication helps managers to perform their jobs and duties.

Verbal exchange serves as a basis for planning.
2. All the main information that need to be communicated to the managers who
in-turn have to communicate the laid down plans for their implementation.
Organizing also requires robust communication with others about their job
undertaking.
3. Communication is also a crucial part of changing the attitudes of individuals,
i.e. a well - informed person will be better off than a less - informed person.
 The attitudes of employees are influences by organizational magazines,
journals, meetings and other forms of written and oral communication.
4. Communication also contributes to socialization. The only presence of another
person in today's life promotes communication. It is also said that without
communication one cannot survive.
5. Communication also supports the process of control. It helps to control the
behavior of members of the organization in different ways. There are different
levels of hierarchical structure and certain principles and guidelines to be
followed in an organization by employees. They are expected to comply with
corporate policies, carry out their task efficiently and communicate to their
superiors any work and complaints. Communication therefore helps control the
management function.

What is Human Resource Management?

Human Resource Management (HRM) is the term used to describe formal systems
developed for people management within the organization. The roles, duties and
tasks of a human resource manager include;
 Analysis and Design of Work
 Recruitment and Selection
 Training and Development
 Performance Management
 Compensation and Benefits
 Employee Relations
 Personnel Policies
 Compliance Laws
 Support for Strategy

The aim of HRM is essentially to maximize an organization's productivity by

optimizing its employee's effectiveness

Role of Communication in HRM

Communication in HRM is the process which the managers use to be able to carry
out functions such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling. It also makes up
the greater part of the responsibilities of the manager which is not carried out in
isolation but by interacting with and communicating with others. This simply means
that communication is the foundation upon which management functions are
dependent.

Types of Communication in HRM

There are majorly two types of communication in HRM and these are Oral and
Written communication. Managers use both channels but, in most situations, the
information is best given orally on one-on-one basis, which personalizes it and
allows for immediate feedback. The written channel then allows a reinforcement and
creates a record of the event. Akindele (2007), however added grapevine as a type of
informal communication in organizations.

Oral Communication
Oral communication involves speaking with employees on a one-on-one basis and
this is especially common and very significant and as such must be done effectively.
Some forms of oral communication include but are not limited to:
 One-on-One
 Public Address (P.A) Broadcasts
 Shop-floor Talks
 Work Councils and Committees
 Induction Lecture
 Staff Conferences and Meetings
 Speak-up Schemes

Written Communication
Written communication can take many forms and to communicate effectively,
senders should compose messages using precise, simple and well written grammar.
When written information is too long, it can result in information overload which
will in turn lead to ineffective communication as the sender's message may not be
understood by the receiver as intended. Some forms of written communication
include;
 Ideas Box
 Documentary Film/Slide Presentations
 Memos
 E-mails
 Faxes
 Electronic Bulletin Boards
 Formal Reports
 Invoices
 Telephone Message Reminders
 Notes

Relationship Between Communication and HRM

Communication is a crucial tool a Human Resource Manager needs to develop and
sustain a smooth functioning work team. This is because all the functions of HR are
geared towards managing employees for the goal of realizing the success of the
organization. All the responsibilities of HR cannot be achieved without
communication with the employees e.g. If there is going to be a change in the
organization, to effect this change, it must be communicated to the employees who
will in turn be the ones to implement the change. Without effective communication
of whatever change there is, the employees will not be able to effect the change and
thus, the goal of the HR cannot be achieved. Communication is used by HR to
organize, direct, coordinate and control employee activities as well as identify and
satisfy their aspirations and expectations.

Effects of Communication in HR
• Employees feel a sense of responsibility as they see themselves as part of the
organization (sense of belonging).
• Management understands the employee better and can find ways of making the
working environment better for the success of the organization.

Benefits of Communication in HR
• Employees understand the corporate policies of the organization, core values,
culture, mission, vision.
• Keeps employees informed of what is happening in the organization
• Employees appreciate and support employee benefits
• More dedicated and committed employees
• Needs of employees are known and makes for better employee development
Creates a better working environment which encourages maximum
productivity
Why is Effective HR Communication Important?
Effective HR communication is important because communication is the means
through which HR can achieve its responsibilities for the success of the
organization. It is important to note that employees possess a wide range of field
experience which include; background, knowledge, beliefs, etc. The field experience
affects the way information is decoded and as such, effective communication is
important to ensure that every employee gets the right message and is on the same
page in terms of understanding to guarantee the successful running of the
organization. Effective communication ensures that HR develops and sustains a
smooth running of work teams by organizing and directing employees, coordinating
and controlling their activities. These can be summarized into ensuring;
• Establishment and dissemination of relevant information
• Influence employees through motivation, sensitization and mobilization
• Using instructions, directives and control to activate employees

HR Communication techniques
According to Akindele (2007), Communications experts believe that a range of
media and techniques of effective employee communication can help employees
increase their productivity by making them have a sense of belonging, give them
emotional security, recognize them and provide an environment with open
communication.
These media and techniques include;
a. House Journals-magazines, newspapers, newsletters/bulletin. They periodically
communicate information and decisions from management to employees and
the concerns of employees to management through question and answer
features. The objective is to provide a means of feedback.
b. Notice Boards To give all personnel the same information at the same time
c. Videotapes and Closed-Circuit TV This has the added advantage of the face-to-
face communication which will bring a closer understanding between
management and staff
d. Ideas Box Staff are invited to place ideas, suggestions and complaints, or
comments.
e. Staff Conferences and Meetings Helps to unite staff and create good
management-employee relations.
 f. Staff Events Parties, outings, sports events, anniversary dinners which include
family and friends also help to cement good employee relations
g. Works Councils and Committees Participation or involvement of employee
directors on the boards of works council and committees enables them to
understand what is going on in the organization and help them influence the
management of the organization.

Importance of HR Communication
Generally, Communication can be a tricky concept to master within an organization,
particularly one with complex levels and multiple issues (Paul and Henry, 2013).
When all parts of your organization communicate smoothly, it can improve
workflow and overall productivity. Paul and Henry (2013), therefore canvassed the
following as the importance of communication to HRM:

1. Communication encourages motivation by informing the staff about the task to

be performed, the way to performs it, and how its performance can be
promoted if it is not up to the mark.
2. Communication is an information source for the decision - making process of
the organizational members, which helps to identify and evaluate alternative
actions.
3. Communication sharpensthe organizations people’s perspective in the handling
of matters. Also, it plays a central role in changing the attitudes and character
of the employees. Organizational magazines, journals, meetings and various
other forms of oral and written communication help in molding employee’s
attitudes.
4. Communication also contributes to socialization. The only presence of another
person promotes communication in today's life. It is also said that without
communication humanity and indeed the business environmentcannot survive.
5. Communication also contributes to the control process, as discussed before. It
helps in different ways to control the conduct of members. There are different
levels of hierarchy and certain principles and guidelines that employees in an
organization have to follow. They must adhere to organizational policies,
perform their role efficiently and communicate to their superiors any work
problems and complaints. Communication therefore helps to control the
management function.
Guaranteed Employee Satisfaction
The term used to describe the happiness and contentment of employees to fulfill
their desires and needs at work is their employee satisfaction. Some factors that
could guarantee employee satisfaction include
a. Treating employees with respect
b. Providing regular employee recognition
c. Empowering employees
d. Offering above industry-average benefits and compensation
e. Providing employee perks
f. Company activities
g. Transparency
h. Give room for creativity

Discursion of Findings
The management of organization deals extraordinarily and largely with both internal
and external communication issues. Scholars identified anddescribes a number of
different areas and methods wherecommunication is invariably connected with
effective management of human resources.Nonetheless, the paper observed that
most of them analyzed communication from a very narrow perspective and forget
about the overall effect of verbal exchange on the effective performance of
organizational human resources.

To underscore the importance of communication in achieving industrial harmony

and organization growth, the paper observed the emphases of most writer on the
need to utilize multiple channels of communication (both formal and informal) in
relaying official information to the personnel. This communication strategythe paper
realized will help organization to minimize poor communication especially where
adequate communication skill is a barrier to effective communication.

Also, abundant opportunitiesexistin the deployment of modern technologies as a

viable enabler of effective communication in organization. Hence, it’s expected that
management of organizations will take advantage of these immense capabilities that
the organization will attain by deploying modern ICT infrastructure as tools for
human resources communication.
Conclusion and Recommendation

The role of communication in HRM cannot be overemphasized as it brings about

employee motivation, effective human relations as well as creates an environment in
which the worker can feel respected and valued. There must be a foundation of trust
between management and staff which means employees acceptance and have faith
in intentions, decisions and policies made by HR management and accuracy of
information disseminated, all geared towards the success of the goals of the
organization.
Effective communication depends on the ability of the individual to read the other
person or group's attitude. Hence, CIPM (2007) sees it as the process through which
an individual gets others to understand what he feels, thinks, wants and needs,
accept them and take action if necessary. This is something that can be learnt from
behavior and it reflect your emotions and feelings for communication. In the past,
companies have been able to use a top - down approach to promote communication
with employees and teamwork. The approach is conventional, but in 2017 it is
outdated. Make each communication channel, even administratively, a two - way
street. The following is recommended to improve communication within
organizations:
1. Use more than one channels for organizational communication – Sending it
by means of multiple channels is among the excellent methods to make sure that you
simply get your message across.Some of the strongest channels include meetings,
face - to - face discussions, electronic mail, faxes, telephone discussions,
newsletters, posts and memoranda. The secret is to ensure that you always use
several approaches to disseminate your message and do not depend on a single
channel under any circumstances.
2. Repeat important messages – You can improve organizational communication
by re - petition of key messages from time to time, in addition to using multiple
channels.
3. Focus on Listening – This is essential in individual communications (i.e., one
- on - one). Most of us, who are poor listeners, are because we don't take the time to
listen actively. You can do this by way of utilizing reflective listening competencies
(paraphrasing what your speaking partner has stated to verify understanding),
utilizing good non-verbal behaviors and physique language (e.g., face your verbal
exchange companion with an open stance), and focusing on your partner by making
a mindful effort to pay attention first rather than trying to get your message through
first. Do this by means of pronouncing to yourself.
4. Get Your Message Across – After you pay attention and utterly realize your
conversation companion, you ought to be certain that you could get your message
through within the targeted approach it is meant. To try this, communicate openly
and honestly, and be as easy as practicable (i.e., no “beating about the bush”); speak
inclusively and use terms with a view to be understood and understood; and
determine to be certain your message has been gotten correctly.
5. Handle Communication Problems – In the end, we need to be more powerful
at managing the problems of conversation, so that people interact inevitably.
Conflict, problem resolution, misunderstandings, the handling of complex persons,
and the management of cultural differences include such issues.
6. Finally, Paul and Helen (2013), result communication principle can help
organization improve their HR communication. The RESULT is an acronym for
reason, environment, specific, understanding, listen, and time frame. Reason is your
communication purpose. The environment takes the specifics of who and where you
are communicating into account. Your communications are specific; what do you
want to do? Listen to gain the level of understanding you desire in a message and
Time frame, being the amount of time require to implement the task that was
communicated.

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