classmate UNIT- 1 CURVE FITTING Lea darunre Method : Suppose (Mi, Yi i-2 2b-n Lik Y= £04) be the seqpuised cusue which paset 2hhoug thy Fi 5 iat (up i iz? 1p 1 . ie : eae > Foa_the. ett / the suis Shoutd “be minimum n As choutd be minimum. ied Males watthod .. Elitting oj a dtsaight line hy Least dquare Method : tutling 2} eo ret (Ui, yi) fou isd ton be the givin dada ______ wet [y= gba] be a_traight int —ushich paises thaeugh the givin data. 0 Led yi be the timated data, up oliz ui- Yt8a. eb = caus! ag =0 - Ba alyi=a-builf-i] =o . jz! a n 0 = yi = Sa + obvi =0 _ fete te vet a yi. a tb > % ist i=! Sys na pbsw 0 ee abe 2: 250 = e ob 7 aL y= as bri] [-7i} =0 Livi F ani 5 bi? - w= = Li i ari - 3 i720 ty = +b Sx —@ ting O40. we enh hie an wap a na H @ Fitting sf _paaab ala by Leak square anLinod : a et (Liyid for j= 1 Parana | bet ease aja | we ude Lea Sqftote mabthod.classmate. a Se [yi au? -byi-c] * i . will bt Minin when 2S 20, 9S=p 4 S-=0 Oa eb aC, aus! 9s =o _ = A Pi Z Sf yi- avi* by) f- ¥*]-0 f= a; i a a wiry - Say* - 7b wr - Fox to OO je fet ca wy = ASu4 + bsv3ecsxv? — oO (deal 25 =o ab Beall 2s_-0 ac er : s Lyi=avi*- bw ~¢ 1f-flzo i=) =3 bii ssc =o o jFL=33_ 5y-3l 2asv +nb = ae mM >in ye 5 20 36 36 | gl J2b to 2x=267 Sy 225)classmate. 2 fet y= aveh Abana al eqs ase: j= OZ inb - ay = ASH? thyy a 13 pid os yuan 2 3. 4 6 3 A ai 2 E + 5. m 20 Buss 5. 25 25 é 6 ‘ 36 % é 49 ya £ it bY 56 ZX=% Bye3) Sat-wy Buy 200 36a_+8b = 39 204.44 3¢b =200 a 2 =05833 p> 9.95) Y = 9.8823 + 2.25% ¢ *} Fit a_paxabota of the 462m YoOtt but. Ay SLEWA to se 234 eu Al yA pee bel? 225 Y¥a8 v Normal equations are: ZY a Yt bSX tn 5] Sup sa 13 +hSU* 4054 wigs Adv" sb5x34+ ¢D* x 22 Fy Wa 2 3 tll o-7g : god 937 95S. yay ae 1S¢ 12 24936 5-990 18729196 1% J2-3Y V2 5.47 29.982 2-608 6-132 12.82 3-12 2:25 GAM) 94158 4:02 9/.902 36-39 13-8) 428 yy.5Ig) 210-719 163068 62.128 65. 306 pS = he! Sey: 29.108 E753102.75 = =u |, 3y1.749 94 -60r a2: 768A + Clb + 5C= 185 102 15a + 22-%8b + wgle 224-7148 YI-T44 a +109-15b +32.768C =GY 40) = 0982 bs = 3.42) Ce 4436 += 0-98 2 3°92) 4 FY 936 2, Fit a. 2 yo 4 BOY 4 =2e1 oY af Bo 449 oo y ue 3 at wy ye o =I o a o o of 1 = OY 1 4) 1 oy -oy¥ Z au 4 8 gs 48 ay g 36 4g 21 $1 108 32.4 4 44 16 44 256 346 158-4 e 7 + Se e 2 Say. pr Zyeth Fx%30_E 8.0 Sassy Bye 54 Sey i968 Aprmal eq ; Zyea ut bswene pete W4Ccsu Wy = asyt + pS y3t psy? Esy } 30 + b+ ge = 13h Jona + 20h + (oc = 54-2 354a\t Ob + 200 = 198-8 = 0505 b = 045g © =-1 808 (0505) _+0-y59 + (-15g08) scclassmate % 50 450 760 1200 4400 4409 5300 ! 8 82,86 3 By 68 gg | ys ar? ogy = » oy {ng (av) logy = + bray? ct theca Dy = nA +bEx Y_=AS¥ bX? aL. uw Xz log y Y= logy 2 d G vt 50 2 3-U2 ~342 15+ 30° 13-034 | 95030. 62104 “Yo! 34-319 20.7% 4 i 140 32 6-659 425 yy. 37 23-073 i ion 6 1-09 “583, 50-268 25-903 ygon 51 £389 3.93) 70-39 2:93 1 4800 8 Bey 4-060 Zb8y2 ey )2 15300 69 8-515 Ye23y F3-53 36. 206 44.21 26-066 362-994 __—185-98) FA _+49-2b = 26.006 99-2A +362.9I7Tb ~ 185.481 A {nga Azo-4il b = 185 Y= 2-4 + (0-185)¥ yeay? 2 Ye tit oePp O5 ns 2 2 3 v Lg2 vie OFS Ong 052 046 Noimal of eqn ; zy = A +nb Zxy - ASK? +bEx v x y m2 xy Oe 162 0.482 - 064: 0.232. ~10334 L i ° 0 o ° Ly 0:1 -0-987 o-vos. 0: 082 meOee 0: 62 0-478 0693 0-228 F033) p 0:52 = 06 ONG. O27 0-518 3 246 TOME fog 60 10852 cule 949 LSAT 2:23) ThA2A +68. g.uig L5ajA + (-1-7)2) g = ~2-33) Ae 1515 A= ~4 21515 Bz -to04 Bz log ¢ 5s Ka08 - 093) “hy re Zoandie «gv| Fit an exponential cue 2 aeb™® ov thy das a a4 vedenn Bo y a5 38 84. Notumal earns ase : 2b 3tanA 4 = bsv? +ASY me 4] y2aobt tog = by toga Ye bUtA 2 L 4 Y= (oq 4 mm xy Be 28 4 6136 3.634 16 14° 548 Y-025 3k 215 4430 cy 3544 = 153) We0 THY = 80.579 20b¢ 44 = 15-3) l20b 420A = 80.5 34 b= 0-201 A = 2.8215 ase’ = 16-802 4s “go 022 | || Find a cute dato. ugk ap 4 2 y 38 sat 60: 1282 ! r : 642 31 J.) 1:13) 666 1279 D3 1386 3.418 [92 42642 1543 420% 2.9371 70) 1) 85-4 4 ang 3 4:90) 34. 22 45 (44 LYe6 2 3-8 530 rays Sy-yoor Seo Syed SOV "DH 36616 Susy nzg YAR = 36.61 A= Q:408) bf. 163 = ett) zitbent (uy! 63 =A 1 xy = AE% 1 g A404 we YBBR = OY-564 F3A ty). Ar 2-992 Br0289 ase: 1633 be) 308 A> (16-313), (4.309) ~2 YeSiror'g as 1-52 Bs JefG a < I 4b | ab ek r ea ath v x Y 2atbX Aosmal equiakions ase: - Na +b Xys sx + bSx* 1 4 xed x2 Xy ir 0D! 0-46 Ms rg 0.232 oad aaa £ 498 0-164 0-024 03, i$ as 01133 0-017 0:332 Ey2 ot SX= (on. PK IO 313 Zky 2182) 4 Qitt-oorb= 78 (0224 +6+ 93 b = [82h Oz Q4t82 B y= age + (2.08) | ¢ % {classmate. Let y and 9 be tun indlepencleat variables . tht co- vastatin NL: number Ts = pean of 4 and mason of y. wr, Ty = tandard duiaten inv, | | wD | Fi 4 wore: | [rea 27] 5 ioc ct _. I -1 aku +bsur2+ CFU aay ss & wie tb Sm" 46 FyOo” classmate. | Find y' vba rel, Yoe 6 juom the oe a 4 40. 92. 5Y um O12 U3 5 Bhai oe eae) 0 4 4 2 yeavs thtz pe et Ty: az + hsv + ne 7 v Uys 22%" +hFuy + eFu y ny: aFwl. thre” toe 4 x ees he ata te Tyg Tay 40. 3 16 G28 YB 270 YO 32 5 10 Q5 10050. 360 20 5y 6 % Wb M2 Mine ZIB 42 g 4 416 32 336 48e@ 20 2 3 Phtied 9 36 360 40 La. y 2 196) Y 128 ig ay 2 app Pueys Soy Fe-wy Tay Suns 2c 209-1 Lads 300 = YEN + Yabr vc _— 18)8 = Y7YA+ 236 b+ YRC - 2620 = 2360 4 Yt +4Qc Le as 5 ORG b= 9-55 85° 4 c= 64-400 Yclassmate. ; =o sing di F ata—ojo franpal —temapany em the uitiehde of giv Moved tn 9 Cokms d weight “1 (oooxg) AO BO Ge 38 pictane %2 (jooKm) 15 2 0200 OE Damage 4 (ks) 160 W264 go. 123186 ye pow + Bit + pa [nee] f= Boeuy + Bi S42 + NB iy = Bost + pi zmrat Pa sw = by Bo Dw tps 2% + Bo 5% x t 4 wt ie yey 4 be {60 Ig bs 2625" & 640 Yo 2:2 12 9s 484 66 8 2469 [6 10 64 pst i 16 yoy 64 [2 2 40 futhos iY 2Y 108 180. 3y Ok Ja USE ObY 9-7. 418-2 bY Yo§ be §6230Y 256 8 BB 2996 18 S44) Zyo70 Zu 636 Sas el629 Fy 92 Fwy osohy Zhry = 1hy 790 =/§Bo+ 91 Bl + 6px 25054 = 636 Bo 4 29gi + [SBo (34 = 29 Bo + 15.94 Bi +4) Bo fos 30109) fis 12. [go8 pre 11-S6ld Ye 30-9 Vi ¢ 12 1608%2 414-45 6/7 a Ur ogee) ZAC DYTHS) pi >o i) Og 7classmate. UK) ak ae nN my f(s Plysvi) = > Plaid o a) Moon , Vasianre of decapte pvobabitity Distr’ butions: 1) Mean L E(x) which bu coed “Expected valus of KX” ¢ uu cltfined ap [ew. Erp | i) the adiane of x uit denpied by “vartx)' and ia _dupined as are vate) = (x2) - Leo?) whow TE 02) = Fx POO] tt iLeind til Find mean 6 vation, _ “) Figg PCX> 3) 1 P(e ply) 2 pe g'{ere Bie AI0K) Yor) + K +0 4Qk +4(0-3)t We) o4Eks Qk + atk ~ pak + 16 \ 2 Hats > a8 Vantx): g.t- (@)* = 28-0064 2 16i) Find & y iw) PUsxg5 ii) POxze). N) i 6:(R) ‘id poe widn Vout). 2 TREK © ii) P(k>6) >» p(edap Ke 100 PCrce) 2 ptr) + pla) ¥ au eaaeey Mile #2 gt aa) (00 wD lex g5) : (2) + P(3) ¢ ply) Kt dh 4 Quy 3%classmate. tO = 1PCL) KEYKEGK EK t HK 4 1QK* ENQK LE S6K* + 3K = 46 490 = 1366 = 2G, joo 10 100 Walk) = E(x?) — [EO)]* EME” Sv? ply) SK 48k HIRE + RK FOEKrs Fak 74 BY3K" 449k = 437K 4 Ja4K FNGO pgdovs Mee -1¢.2@- 100 (00 [00 MOA (XK) 2 16-89 ~ B-b6)* = 2.9044 Find KEW), E(x), ©" foy th probally Junction Pod degined by the pollewing: table: % 1 a 3 (760) kak 3k i) Keak e3kesbe Ant A ntneDe ‘= z ks @ nn Wi) Fo). Sx pW) ~ KEYK 9K 4 FINK = (ndConsensid & s 8 - (af(anaiint3 = nal KOT 6 3 Wi) €@: 1 plw =_kt BK 4 VK ~-- en dk a Anne met Sk NORD = ay A ae)classmate. I)? variance. = 60?) ~ (Em)* =nipt!) = (2n4)> 2 3 enna = (yn?te4o) = 2 4 = 4ntn- oN? —a-8P — 18 =o mtan=2 — 18 ontinuo piwbabittty Dictaibutien, — Lob Sy? 31 a continues gandem vosiable defined Lo thy inksual¢-10.00) i A) _fet ta i) #0) 20 V% i) "(jt dee ai fal py diy pti" tht 2andem vasioble psobab ini id _olefined: os Pla “fae jee dv fl {a combinweut eandem vaviable x’ paso pdf, fy: {[ 1, -acaeg A +4 Pr aca5) i P(e es pez) ¢ p(-4) + P/o) ti du -/ty'= ttacs ¥ Whe Y wy = iL pCiu>i) = l= ptm en) ype Pepe wen) Le Modus ie ge A 4 2 W P(ayas>5) = P(e>H%) = 1 Pree) = 2p tly sep tot = it a #classmate Peau wndim yanable' that an ae any va dx) = kC1ex) find the Valu ey ky hitman _a condition. = 5( xl wdy =F a kee evlS = 4 2 2 5k Q5k -ak- Uk 2 2 2 St rQik -1 2 Pixcu) = ‘(kite = 2 fyey = 2 fyrig-2-4 (x a) _| i) _POxXi>b) | = O10 zy ) Be asi w= fu at? ob 4 + > fa3\% - 3)! Ua /o 3 a 2 = t-a3 > 0-1957classmate . E ii) { eae : Ce) -005 [- bs: 000. bee 09S b = 0°9830 A_ continu i x! = kye"t 120, . porte find ks ban § variance “(xv eth:1 > condition = a"kwetdves pono, 3k freed ales aCeO] 24 orem TL Ty ad ine 2 K fewer -are* tact] ™=4 A > _kfor0~0~(-2~0~a)] 21 kK {aj 24 kid 2) - Apes = 3020) + ore) = ge) ]™ > k[o-pto-0 ~(9-040~6)] v a NoMance = E¢x") - (€6))* (2) = Ce vio tdy = Keo =12 y) varity (2-B)Ps 12-423classmate 0) T For 5 Foran = “ir Fpendys*{ pn dy. _w) 7 } J =o + (vr)! » fry* UY7a 277 = tee Mens op y 22 29 = atl a q com_2_“f indy °C al + (yoda (ycadde Tr Ft = tatet + 34% 92-34) Y a ayy =) B¥.y? - zy = 6N-12=5classmate de iste (0 je SUSO + ] 4% 5 0S usl [ %-# sats UE BL -¥2 -5 1s ace: ar * The Pdf x a sandern voaiadle x dh piven by =f Ul, OSKS ae i pase rere : Otheomntse ‘DFind cof oped ii) P(x>s) a i df {yoda = 5 v ero “Cryst 0 r wt aw 2 y leov Mayer Cafes + Uf pede _ Maw > J ji | - "i a = 2 _ Cyndy __ | Pk Uadw is e z * fete + ‘facvas = fe\' + fav) (2 4 oO — 7, Fox “fine 3 “{ pe i jobdv , psf w i. ; =e 3 iana Fo "(yoda = °C pofdy ‘fhondu 8 franay +f _ J v j} 7} v . 2 : J = fey" s (at? + Ce 21 ° 5 (2-Ddt res Sy (our 2) ?* (242 izclassmate Binorlal pislsibutien 3) Thu shautd be only on _euLbcr_f. trot 16, Cems, cals), Csuceud,e0iMiae, end HD-Tha an alpine W) AN tataly age independt _ Thin tu pj 4 binomial diselbution a aepined as P(yem) = Mey eh ayo h fut. ns No.of thiols P= _piobobility ef succes fp Apply ap pattie ie = tp ata Pots) supiienta thy probability of nth tucetst— out _of a tsiale : wo | hou EM) = Sapa Th Ey = a" pt art me a = = n. n) pr oy re nl ln-7)) =clasemate = > A. n(n-d! 2p pg h ttl vt Ha)! (0-atl -)! uy 25 n (n-)! PD. pg D-tD ie Cr)! (9-9-0719) np. (pr)? put pty eo, [mn EW), Vasiance : Vaux): Sapir) — (sapl(x)* EW?)= Fa? P(D 720 n2, 7, pra? * 0 nlgri-D 4 pig” tee nl (nen! 7 = nr) niy pty + | nn pa 720 a(n)! 7-0 ml (nr)! = Tyne = stv) ni phy + np ae eh tn-7)) TS ee nD) PP gi | me alrDly-2)! (n-2-F)! +np SET en (n=!) p? m2! pr ae? FA (ray (o-9) 1-2)! +np S ninsyp? (pry +P= Mins) p* ("+4 np = N(n-1) p® + np ne(Cnp-p +!) = np (np +4) 4 ia 2 voutx): mp (npr) = (np)* = (mp npy = (Ore | { Vary) = pay. _ PIXAR) LDA yA pnt —— er The noo-of telephone Lins buy at an instant of time ib a_binemiol Vanialt with probability 0.9 - fat an ino”) (oO Un) ast thon ak 4% a probally tha Ds ti a buy i) tmnt 9 tan ot bi ' \ ear 7classmate. ped-2 n=l ave ok iY Pxso) 2 10 (ors (org)! , : v puk Aas 5 1o__@:2)5 (0:8) 5 3 = rt rtxixe. (0:2) (o8)* BXYXZ ZX) = d5ay 4 (o-2)" = ow ey inl poxefa) > 10, Co)" (a-8)! +e (0:3)' Core)? +'% (00)*ou ° ( ti = 0/073 + 9.2684 + 03019 SOKré K The probabivty that a pan ngeel so_wilt tive upth 10 is 06s. Nei oinkanii’ wt utp to 40. Prose Ye lep= 035) Mz 10) Plxva) = Pept ai? a Fle (oss (35)? 1 r ‘Plata upto 20 you) - p(xza) (2) 008) + C9) 4 Po) ‘= 10 q (orgs)? (oe 8 4 10 (o-es)8fo3s)> + eg 0-68) (08) 6 4% _(ogs)” 10OF2YF 01013 MN = 10 (tosss.cm ent set) FontPies)- 10, pyr tort 5 tt) & - Nts} P letting Thaoks |G 2 tai4) P(xs#)'= 10, fy G MS 3 P(e) = oN 7) for ent ott fov 100 sets > POx=a) = tle Fl (100x011) 7 a P(x27) > Plv= a) 4 P(x= 8) + P=) + P(K=r0) SfO. 4 10.04 10 #10.) vt + 8 7 by a = O1al& fois — jor (Ose > P(X>F) = 19-18 Poisson _pistsibutien : rob. distribution copply thls Thit_ ts aleo_a_disacte probabitity dst aibution we distribution in the jetheusing cases; 4 whan probaliey of sucten ij vety sonal § ii) when no- oj dvdols i very large ___ The_pay of mise dictsibution defined a4 isdaibution Ja depibed a4 t ig-M yh iP(x=m)\ = a nt DOcea) suephuentt tht probabitity a} eth cuca ai iscon_distibution : ——emf mx 2nn apd 4 yon pee J 21 Bt qy 3) some™ [iam xm tm3yrens-] mm Men 2 wart) » € (x?) -(E 00) E0e) eS are” mk Reo =ome™ iamem sy ope somte™ ip x m9 m>+m Ely) > mimi) Vor (> osm - ae Vaux) =m yi oft i - em" $F arm p aco nl t a 2g ACd-It) m% y 4-0 al eee 8 eM S ate y em samt hed a) a:0 7) eve alta) ma ews 7 Ard, ng MY z S Ss MA a ED! ” ce [mi my one T am ‘ Wyeth goPCK=A) = e7M mr al ok Meg. 9' p(kea) ven ty4 al 2 ent WF 0-938) -4 3 PC xei3) oyeclassmate da er & 14 asa 1- > [5] P(x>2) = 0.3933 ww uw A communication channel qucievel ‘iDndlypencind pulser ot | dt sate 9} 1 pues | psec , dt panhab ity ef Er aM«aniti, ra ove ak pe Lee seri oe es WW) at Mot one error / se jy) 2 egtovs git N) at Mosk Q estos VV P=0-00) Men'p-: va KO-0oh = apie 1) plrsay = 0 PF @n10)? U Plxzo)is | en0I2 749) 04 = O-9R8D WH) Peed) = 0? vn or yon > O ONE Wh) oP Cxei) tp ipteen Zim (P(x=0)) 4 =| = 0.9880 1.0 O12. (0-013) ND’ ptyiea)i . e702 2 |= 000004) YP (Xa). poy, pie pla) = 0-998aNablable cars. p(x>2) =. Im P(re2) L- [ plo) + pCi) + p02] J+ [.0-223) 40-3346 40-2509] | br Onfote 20-1914 oeniiowy fh fe 4 foonwicp ge 2b Nesp Zh 200 Mean = =o 2 ms OS Piz a) >| e705 (os) al PO¢=0): 0 60 65 pix= 3) 20-0126 __| P (x= 1) = 0°3032 Pied) > 0.0015 Pi(xe 2)2/ 0-078 8classmate €xpeded value= _N. pc) : | = pep | Eo): It3is Eft) = Bovey _| €(a) = 15-16 a | EG): Qf) 91 wa FCA) 2 03 Ft ( a as o L Qi sontyinn ci a) E(x) "rans | goxy (pig) QF? 0-3 i Fot_binonaiak di'stai bien MM = Np» \o.s = ‘Bx p p= QO 2D} i \ S Aimiting case of Assumpbiens: Put Vow s matt ne voy (age p(X.m) = ph art ai OY =m Ps _q P(xeA}" = om pe VARA wu Cay ) nt m ¢p-m)™ su (n-7)) nr. nn-® 2 mma (em) * nM (na! mn} (n-w! Nurs