ELECTRICAL CHEAT SHEET

Capacitor Bank / Annual Saving & Payback Period

Power Factor Size of HRC Fuse and Breaker

PF=KW/KVA Fuse Size= 165% Or 200% of Ic
KVA=KW+KVAR CB Size= 1.5 x Ic
KVA=(KW2+KVA2)1/2 Thermal relay setting between 1.3 and
COSa=PF=KW/KVA 1.5of Capacitor Charging current.
TANa=KVAR/KW Thermal relay setting of C.B=1.5 × Ic
KVAR Required to correct power factor Magnetic relay setting between 5 and 10
required of Capacitor Charging current.
KVAR=KW/([1-PFo2]1/2/PFo)-([1-PFn2]1/2/ Magnetic relay setting of C.B=10 × Ic
PFn)
KVAR Supplied by Each Phase Size of
Size of Cable
Capacitor Discharge Resistor
for Capacitor
Phase KVAR= Total KVAR/No.of Phases After the capacitor
Capacitors is disconnected
can withstand a permanentfrom
the source of supply,
over current of 30% +tolerance of 10% discharge
Capacitor Charging Current resistors
on capacitor areCurrent.
required for discharging
Ic = (KVAR1PH x 1000)/Volt1PH each unit
Cables sizewithin 3 min to 75
for Capacitor V or less
Connection=
Capacitance of Capacitor fromx 1.1
1.3 initial
x Ic nominal peak voltage
XC=1/(2 x 3.14 x F x C) (according IEC-standard 60831).
Simplified Voltage Rise Max. Discharge resistance Value (Star
%VR= (KVARCAPACITOR x %Transformer Connection) = Ct / Cn x Log (Un x√2/
Reactance)/KVATX Dv)
Loss Reduction Max. Discharge resistance Value (Delta
%LR= 100-100(Original PF/Improved PF)2 Connection)= Ct / 1/3xCn x Log (Un x√2/
Dv)
PF=POWER FACTOR
KVA= Kilovolt Amperes Where Ct =Capacitor Discharge Time (sec)
KW= KiloWatts Cn=Capacitance Farad.
KVAR=Kilovolt-Ampere Reactive Un = Line Voltage
PFo= Power Factor Old Dv=Capacitor Discharge voltage
PFn= Power Factor New
Ic= Capacitor Current in Amperes
Decreasing Voltage & Frequency on
Capacitor
The kvar of capacitor will not be same if
voltage applied to the capacitor and
frequency change
Reduced Voltage
Actual KVAROUTPUT = Rated KVAR(Actual
Volt/Rated Volt)2
Reduced Frequency
Actual KVAR = Rated KVAR(Actual
Freq./Rated Freq.)

ELECTRICAL CHEAT SHEET

Capacitor Bank / Annual Saving & Payback Period
Annual Savings
Before PF Correction
Load Current=KVA/V=80×1000/(415/1.732)
KVA Demand Charge=KVA X Charge(AUD)
Annual Unit Consumption=KW x Daily use x
365
Annual Charge= Annual Unit Consumption X
Charge(AUD)

After PF Correction
Load Current=KVA/V=80×1000/(415/1.732)
KVA Demand Charge=KVA X Charge(AUD)
Annual Unit Consumption=KW x Daily use x
365
Annual Charge= Annual Unit Consumption X
Charge(AUD)

Annual Cost
Capital Cost of capacitor= Kvar x
Capacitor cost
Annual Interest and Deprecation Cost=
Capital Cost of capacitor X 12%
Total Annual Cost= KVA Demand Charge +
Annual Charge + Annual Interest and
Deprecation Cost

Pay Back Period

Annual Saving= Annual Cost before Power
Factor Correction - Annual Cost after
Power Factor Correction

Payback Period= Capital Cost of

Capacitor / Annual Saving

Total Load KVAR

Total Load KW for Connection1 = KW / Efficiency
Total Load KVA(OLD) Connection = KW/Old PF
Total Load KVA(NEW) Connection = KW/New PF
Total Load KVAR= KWX([(√1-(old p.f)2) / old p.f]- [(√1-(New p.f)2) /
New p.f])

Size of Capacitor Bank

Leading KVAR supplied by each Phase= Kvar/No of Phase
Capacitor Charging Current (Ic)= (Kvar/Phase x1000)/Volt
Capacitance of Capacitor = Capacitor Charging Current (Ic)/ Xc
Xc = 2 x 3.14 x F x V
Size of HRC Fuse for Capacitor Bank
Size of the fuse =165% to 200% of Capacitor Charging current.

Size of Circuit Breaker for Capacitor Protection

Size of the Circuit Breaker =135% to 150% of Capacitor Charging current.
Thermal relay setting between 1.3 and 1.5of Capacitor Charging current.
Magnetic relay setting between 5 and 10 of Capacitor Charging current.

Sizing of cables for capacitor Connection

Cables size for Capacitor Connection= 1.3 x1.1 x nominal capacitor Curre

Maximum size of discharge Resistor for Capacitor

Max. Discharge resistance Value (Star Connection) = Ct / Cn x Log (Un
x√2/ Dv).
Max. Discharge resistance Value (Delta Connection)= Ct / 1/3xCn x Log (Un
x√2/ Dv)

Effect of Decreasing Voltage & Frequency on Rating of Capacitor

The kvar of capacitor will not be same if voltage applied to the
capacitor and frequency changes

Reduced in Kvar size of Capacitor when operating 50 Hz unit at 40 Hz

Actual KVAR = Rated KVAR x(Operating Frequency / Rated Frequency)

Reduced in Kvar size of Capacitor when operating 415V unit at 400V

Actual KVAR = Rated KVAR x(Operating voltage / Rated voltage)^2

Annual Saving and Pay Back Period

Before Power Factor Correction

Total electrical Load KW=kW1+KW2+KW3
Total electrical Load KVA=kVA1+KVA2+KVA3
KVA Demand Charge = KVA X Charge
Annual Unit Consumption = KW X Daily uses X 365
Annual Change = Annual Unit Consumption X Electrical Load/KW
Total Annual Cost = Annual Charge + KVA Demand Charge

After Power Factor Correction

Total electrical Load KW=kW1+KW2+KW3
Total electrical Load KVA=kVA1+KVA2+KVA3
KVA Demand Charge = KVA X Charge
KVA Demand Charge = KVA X Charge
Annual Unit Consumption = KW X Daily uses X 365
Annual Change = Annual Unit Consumption X Electrical Load/KW
Capital Cost of capacitor= Kvar x Capacitor cost/Kvar
Annual Interest and Deprecation Cost = Capital Cost of capacitor x 12%
Total Annual Cost

Payback Period
Annual Saving = Total Annual Cost before Power Factor Correction - Total
Annual Cost After Power Factor Correction
Payback Period= Capital Cost of Capacitor / Annual Saving

Example
Calculate Size of Capacitor Bank Annual Saving in Bills and Payback
Period for Capacitor Bank.
Electrical Load of (1) 2 No’s of 18.5KW,415V motor ,90% efficiency,0.82
Power Factor ,(2) 2 No’s of 7.5KW,415V motor ,90% efficiency,0.82 Power
Factor,(3) 10KW ,415V Lighting Load. The Targeted Power Factor for System
is 0.98.
Electrical Load is connected 24 Hours, Electricity Charge is 100Rs/KVA
and 10Rs/KW.
Calculate size of Discharge Resistor for discharging of capacitor Bank.
Discharge rate of Capacitor is 50v in less than 1 minute.
Also Calculate reduction in KVAR rating of Capacitor if Capacitor Bank is
operated at frequency of 40Hz instead of 50Hz and If Operating Voltage
400V instead of 415V.
Capacitor is connected in star Connection, Capacitor voltage 415V,
Capacitor Cost is 60Rs/Kvar. Annual Deprecation Cost of Capacitor is 12%.

Solution

For Connection 1
Total Load KVAR= KWX([(√1-(old p.f)2) / old p.f]- [(√1-(New p.f)2) /
New p.f])

Total load KW = KW/Efficiency = (2 X 18.5)/0.9 = 41.1

Total Load KVA(OLD) = KW/OLD PF = 41.1/0.82 = 50.1 KVA
Total Load KVA(NEW) = KW/NEW PF = 41.1/0.98 = 41.9 KVA
Total Load KVAR1 = 41.1X[(√1-(0.82)2)/0.82]-[(√1-(0.98)2)/0.98]
Total Load KVAR1 = 20.35KVAR

For Connection 2
Total Load KVAR= KWX([(√1-(old p.f)2) / old p.f]- [(√1-(New p.f)2) /
New p.f])

Total load KW = KW/Efficiency = (2 X 7.5)/0.9 = 16.6

Total Load KVA(OLD) = KW/OLD PF = 16.6/0.82 = 20.08 KVA
Total Load KVA(NEW) = KW/NEW PF = 16.6/0.98 = 16.9 KVA
Total Load KVAR1 = 41.1X[(√1-(0.82)2)/0.82]-[(√1-(0.98)2)/.98]
Total Load KVAR1 = 7.82KVAR

For Connection 3
Total Load KVAR= KWX([(√1-(old p.f)2) / old p.f]- [(√1-(New p.f)2) /
New p.f])

Total load KW = KW/Efficiency = 10KW

Total Load KVA(OLD) = KW/OLD PF = 10/0.82 = 12.19 KVA
Total Load KVA(NEW) = KW/NEW PF = 10/0.98 = 10.2 KVA
Total Load KVAR1 = 10X[(√1-(0.82)2)/0.82]-[(√1-(0.98)2)/.98]
Total Load KVAR1 = 4.17KVAR

Total KVAR=KVAR1+KVAR2+KVAR3
Total KVAR = 20.35+7.82+4.17 = 32KVAR

Size of Capacitor Bank:

Total KVAR =32KVAR

Leading KVAR Supplied by Each Phase = KVAR/No. Of Phase

Leading KVAR Supplied by Each Phase = 32/3 = 10.8KVAR/Phase

Capacitor Charging Current(Ic) = (KVAR X 1000/√3 Volt)

Capacitor Charging Current(Ic) = (10.8 X 1000)/√3 X 415)
Capacitor Charging Current(Ic) = 44.9A

Capacitance of capacitor = Capacitor Charging current (Ic)/Xc

Xc = 2 X 3.14 X F x V = 2 X 3.14 X 50 X(415/√3)
Xc = 75362
Capacitance of Capacitor = 44.9 / 75362 = 5.96µF

Protection of Capacitor bank

Size of HRC Fuse For Capacitor Bank Protection

Size of Fuse = 165% to 200% of Capacitor charging Current

Size of Fuse = 2 X 44.9 = 90A

Size of Circuit Breaker for Capacitor Protection

Size of Circuit Breaker = 135% to 150% of capacitor charging current
(Ic)
Size of Circuit Breaker = 1.5 X 44.9 = 67.35A

Thermal Relay Setting of CB = 1.5 X 44.9 = 67A

Magnetic Relay Setting of CB = 10 X 44.9 = 449A

Sizing of Cables for Capacitor Connection

Cable Size for Capacitor Connection = 1.3 X 1.1 X Nominal Capacitor
Current
Cable Size for Capacitor Connection = 1.43 X 44.9 = 64A
Maximum Size of Discharge Resistor for Capacitor
Max. Discharge resistance Value (Star Connection) = Ct / Cn x Log (Un
x√2/ Dv).
Max. Discharge resistance Value (Delta Connection)= Ct / 1/3xCn x Log (Un
x√2/ Dv)

Max. Discharge Resistance = 60 / ((5.96/1000000)x log ( 415x√2 /50)

Max. Discharge Resistance = 4087 KOhms

Effect of Decreasing Voltage and Frequency on rating of Capacitor

Reduced in KVAR size of capacitor when operating 50Hz unit at 40Hz
Actual KVAR = Rated KVAR X (Operating Frequency/Rated Frequency)
Actual KVAR = Rated KVAR X (40/50)
Actual KVAR = 80% of rated KVAR

Reduced KVAR in size when capacitor operating 415 unit at 400

Actual KVAR = Rated KVAR X (Operating Voltage/Rated Voltage)^2
Actual KVAR = 93% of Rated KVAR

Annual Saving and Pay Back Period

Before Power Factor Correction
Total Electrical Load KVA(OLD) = KVA1+KVA2+KVA3
Total Electrical Load KVA(OLD) = 50.1+20.08+11.76 = 82KVA

Total Electrical Load KW= kw1+kw2+kw3

Total Electrical Load KW= 37+15+10 = 62KW

KVA Demand Charge = KVA X Charge

KVA Demand Charge = 82 X 60 Rs
KVA Demand Charge = 8198 Rs

Annual Unit Consumption = KW X daily Uses X 365

Annual Unit Consumption = 62X 24 X 365 = 543120 Kwh
Annual Charges = 543120 X 10 = 5431200
Total Annual cost before PF Correction = 8198 + 5431200 = 5439398Rs

After Power Factor Correction

Total Electrical Load KVA(OLD) = KVA1+KVA2+KVA3
Total Electrical Load KVA(OLD) = 41.95+17.01+10.20 = 69KVA

Total Electrical Load KW= kw1+kw2+kw3

Total Electrical Load KW= 37+15+10 = 62KW

KVA Demand Charge = KVA X Charge

KVA Demand Charge = 69 X 60 = 6919Rs

Annual Unit Consumption = KW X Daily use X 365

Annual Unit Consumption = 62 X 24 X 365
Annual Unit Consumption = 543120
Annual charges = 543120 X 10 = 5431200Rs

Capital cost of capacitor = KVAR X Capacitor cost/KVAR = 80 X 60 = 4919Rs

Annual Interest and Depreciation Cost = 4919 X 12% = 590Rs

Total Annual Cost = 6916 + 5431200 + 4919 + 590 = 5438706 Rs

Pay back
Total Annual Cost Before PF Correction = 5439398 Rs
Total Annual Cost After PF Correction = 5438706 Rs

Annual Saving = 5439398 - 5438706 = 692 Rs

Payback Period = Capital Cost Capacitor/Annual Saving

Payback Period = 4912 / 692
Payback Period = 7.1 Years