SUST

Collage of Engineering
School of Civil Engineering
4th Class – 7th semester – 2014

Structural Analysis II
Slope-Deflection Method

Tutorial No. (2)

Plane Frames
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg
 2
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

Example 1

Analyze the frame using the Slope-Deflection Method

and draw the Shear force and bending moment diagrams.

[𝐸 ≡ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡]

Solution:
1) Unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = ? & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ? & 𝜃𝐷 = 0

→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐵 = ∆𝐶 = ∆𝐷 = 0
2) Fixed End Moments:
𝐹
𝑀 0
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐵𝐴 =0 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ]=[0]
𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝐹
𝐹 𝐹 𝜔𝐿2 20×42 𝑀𝐵𝐶 −26.67
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −26.67 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐹 ] = [ 26.67 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐹
𝑃𝐿 30×4 𝑀 15
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐷𝐶 = = = 15 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷
𝐹 ] = [−15] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8 𝑀𝐷𝐶
3) Stiffness:
𝐸×(𝐼)
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 3
= (13)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 0.67𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = (24)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (𝐸𝐼/2) ⇛ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = (24)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 𝑘

4) Slope-Deflection Equations:
𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 𝜃𝐴 0
→ [ ] = 0.67𝑘 [ ][ ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 𝜃𝐵 0
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 𝜃𝐵 −26.67
→ [ ] = 𝑘[ ][ ]+ [ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 𝐶𝜃 26.67
𝑀 4 2 𝜃𝐶 15
→ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = 𝑘 [ ][ ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 0 −15
5) Equilibrium Equations:
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0
[0.67𝑘(4𝜃𝐴 + 2𝜃𝐵 )] = 0
2.68𝑘𝜃𝐴 + 1.34𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 0 ___ (1)
 3
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
[0.67𝑘(2𝜃𝐴 + 4𝜃𝐵 )] + [𝑘(4𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐶 ) − 26.67] = 0
1.34𝑘𝜃𝐴 + 6.68𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 26.67 ___ (2)
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
[𝑘(2𝜃𝐵 + 4𝜃𝐶 ) + 26.67] + [𝑘(4𝜃𝐶 ) + 15] = 0
2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 8𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −41.67 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐴 = −3.365) & (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 6.731) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −6.891)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 −3.365 0 0
→ [ ] = 0.67 [ ][ ]+[ ] = [ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 6.731 0 13.53
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 6.731 −26.67 −13.53
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6.891 26.67 12.57
𝑀𝐶𝐷 4 2 −6.891 15 −12.57
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 0 −15 −28.78

8) Draw the shear force & bending moment diagrams:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

 4
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

Example 2

Sketch the shear force and bending

moment diagrams for the frame
using the Slope-Deflection Method
taking the Elastic Modulus (E) as
constant through the beams and
columns.

Solution:

1) Unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 𝜃𝐸 = 𝜃𝐷 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐵 = ∆𝐶 = ∆𝐷 = ∆𝐸 = 0

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹 𝑃𝑎𝑏2 100×4×62
𝑀𝐴𝐵 =− 𝐿2 = − 102
= −144 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐹 −144
→ 2 2 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 96 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐹
𝑀𝐵𝐴 =
𝑃𝑎 𝑏 100×4 ×6
= 102 = 96 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝐿2

𝜔𝐿2 12×102 𝑀𝐹 −100

𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −100 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 100 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝑀𝐹 𝐹
𝑀𝐵𝐸 0
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝐹
= 𝑀𝐷𝐶 𝐹
= 𝑀𝐵𝐸 𝐹
= 𝑀𝐸𝐵 =0 ⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷
𝐹 ] = [ 𝐹 ]= [0]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 𝑀𝐸𝐵

3) Stiffness:
𝐸×(2𝐼)
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 2
= (10 )(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (𝐸𝐼/10) ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑘
10
2
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = (10 )(𝐸𝐼) = 2𝑘
1
→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 𝐾𝐵𝐸 = (10 )(𝐸𝐼) = 𝑘
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐸 = 𝑘

4) Slope-Deflection Equations:
𝑀𝐴𝐵 2 0
4 −144
→ [ ] = 2𝑘 [][ ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 4 𝜃𝐵
2 96
𝑀 4 2 𝜃𝐵 −100
→ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = 2𝑘 [ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 𝐶𝜃 100
𝑀 4 2 𝜃𝐶 0
→ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = 𝑘 [ ][ ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 0 0
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

𝑀 4 2 𝜃𝐵 0
→ [ 𝐵𝐸 ] = 𝑘 [ ][ ]+ [ ]
𝑀𝐸𝐵 2 4 0 0
 5
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

5) Equilibrium Equations:
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 + 𝑀𝐵𝐸 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 + 𝑀𝐵𝐸 ;
[2𝑘(4𝜃𝐵 ) + 96] + [2𝑘(4𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐶 ) − 100] + [𝑘(4𝜃𝐵 )] = 0
20𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 4 ___ (1)
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 ;
[2𝑘(2𝜃𝐵 + 4𝜃𝐶 ) + 100] + [𝑘(4𝜃𝐶 )] = 0
4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 12𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −100 ___ (2)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 2) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −9)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −144 −136
→ [ ] = 2[ ][ ]+ [ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 2 96 112
𝑀 4 2 2 −100 −120
→ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = 2 [ ][ ] + [ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −9 100 36
𝑀 4 2 −9 0 −36
→ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = [ ][ ]+ [ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 0 0 −18
𝑀 4 2 2 0 8
→ [ 𝐵𝐸 ] = [ ][ ] + [ ] = [ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐸𝐵 2 4 0 0 4

8) Draw the shear force & bending moment diagrams:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

 6
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

Example 3

Using the Slope-Deflection

Method calculate the final end
moments and the support
reactions for the depicted frame.

[𝐸 ≡ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡]

Solution:

1) Unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 𝜃𝐸 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ? & 𝜃𝐹 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐵 = ∆𝐶 = ∆𝐸 = ∆𝐹 = 0

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝑃𝐿 20×3 𝑀𝐹 −7.5
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐵𝐴 =− =− = −7.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 7.5 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝜔𝐿2 48×42 𝑀𝐹 −64
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 64 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = −30 × 2 = −60 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐹 𝑃𝑎𝑏2 40×3×12
𝑀𝐶𝐸 =− 𝐿2
= − 42
= −7.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝐹
𝑀𝐶𝐸 −7.5
→ 2 2 ⇛ [ 𝐹 ] = [ 22.5 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐹
𝑀𝐸𝐶 =
𝑃𝑎 𝑏
=
40×3 ×1
= 22.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐸𝐶
𝐿2 42
𝐹
𝐹 𝐹 𝑀𝐵𝐹 0
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 𝑀𝐹𝐵 =0 ⇛ [ 𝐹 ]=[0]
𝑀𝐹𝐵
3) Stiffness:
𝐸×(𝐼)
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 3
= (13)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (𝐸𝐼/3) ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = (24)(𝐸𝐼) = 1.5𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐶𝐸 = (24)(𝐸𝐼) = 1.5𝑘
→ 𝐾𝐵𝐹 = (13)(𝐸𝐼) = 𝑘

4) Slope-Deflection Equations:
𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −7.5
→ [ ] = 𝑘[ ][ ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 𝜃𝐵 7.5
𝑀 4 2 𝜃𝐵 −64
→ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = 1.5𝑘 [ ][ ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 𝐶 𝜃 64
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

𝑀 4 2 𝜃𝐶 −7.5
→ [ 𝐶𝐸 ] = 1.5𝑘 [ ][ ]+ [ ]
𝑀𝐸𝐶 2 4 0 22.5
𝑀 4 2 𝜃𝐵 0
→ [ 𝐵𝐹 ] = 𝑘 [ ][ ] +[ ]
𝑀𝐹𝐵 2 4 𝜃𝐹 0
 7
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

5) Equilibrium Equations:
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 + 𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 0
𝐹
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑀𝐶𝐸 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐹 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐹𝐵 = 0

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 + 𝑀𝐵𝐹 = 0
[𝑘(4𝜃𝐵 ) + 7.5] + [1.5𝑘(4𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐶 ) − 64] + [𝑘(4𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐹 )] = 0
14𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 3𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐹 = 56.5 ___ (1)
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑀𝐶𝐸 = 0
[1.5𝑘(2𝜃𝐵 + 4𝜃𝐶 ) + 64] + [−60] + [1.5𝑘(4𝜃𝐶 ) − 7.5] = 0
3𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 12𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 3.5 ___ (2)
→ 𝑀𝐹𝐵 = 0
[𝑘(2𝜃𝐵 + 4𝜃𝐹 )] = 0
2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐹 = 0 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 4.541) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −0.844) & (𝑘𝜃𝐹 = −2.270)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 0 −7.5 1.58
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 4.541 7.5 25.66
𝑀 4 2 4.541 −64 −39.29
→ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = 1.5 [ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −0.844 64 72.56
𝑀 4 2 −0.844 −7.5 −12.56
→ [ 𝐶𝐸 ] = 1.5 [ ][ ]+[ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐸𝐶 2 4 0 22.5 19.97
𝑀 4 2 4.541 0 13.62
→ [ 𝐵𝐹 ] = [ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐹𝐵 2 4 −2.27 0 0

8) The support reactions:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

 8
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

Example 4 (Side-sway)

Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams

for the frame using the Slope-Deflection Method taking
the Elastic Modulus (E) as constant through the whole
frame.

Solution:

1) Unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 𝜃𝐷 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐷 = 0 & ∆𝐵 = ∆𝐶 =?
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 (𝐴𝐵); ∆𝐴𝐵 = +∆
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐵𝐶); ∆𝐵𝐶 = 0
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 (𝐶𝐷); ∆𝐶𝐷 = +∆

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹
𝑀𝐹 𝑀𝐶𝐷 0
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝐹
= 𝑀𝐵𝐴 𝐹
= 𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝐹
= 𝑀𝐷𝐶 =0 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 𝐹 ]= [0]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 𝑀𝐷𝐶
𝜔𝐿2 40×62 𝑀𝐹 −120
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− =− = −120 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 120 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 12 𝑀𝐶𝐵

3) Stiffness:
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = (14)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 0.75𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = (26)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (2𝐸𝐼/6) ⇛ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = (26)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 𝑘

4) Slope-Deflection Equations:
0
𝑀 4 2 −6 𝑘𝜃 0
→ [ 𝐴𝐵 ] = 0.75 [ ][ 𝐵 ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 0
𝑘∆/4
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 𝑘𝜃𝐵 −120
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐶 120
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝑘𝜃𝐶
4 2 −6 0
→ [ ]=[ ][ 0 ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 𝑘∆/6 0
 9
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

5) Equilibrium Equations:
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
→ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ⇛ 𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷 = 0
6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
6𝑘∆
[0.75 (4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 4
)] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) − 120] = 0

7𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 1.125𝑘∆= 120 ___ (1)

→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
6𝑘∆
[(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) + 120] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − )] =0
6

2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 8𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 𝑘∆= −120 ___ (2)

→ 𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷 = 0
1 1 6𝑘∆ 6𝑘∆
𝑅ℎ𝐴 = 𝐿 (𝑀𝐴𝐵 + 𝑀𝐵𝐴 ) = [0.75 (2𝑘𝜃𝐵 − + 4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − )]
𝐴𝐵 4 4 4
1
= 4 [4.5𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 2.25𝑘∆]

1 1 6𝑘∆ 6𝑘∆
𝑅ℎ𝐷 = 𝐿 (𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶 ) = [(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − )]
𝐶𝐷 6 6 6
1
= 6 [6𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2𝑘∆]

𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷 → 1.125𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 0.896𝑘∆= 0 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 24.147) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −20.043) & (𝑘∆= 7.949)
7) Final End Moments:
𝑀𝐴𝐵 0
4 2 −6 0 27.28
→ [ ] = 0.75 [ ] [ 24.147 ] + [ ] = [ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 7.949/4 0 63.50
𝑀𝐵𝐶 42 24.147 −120 −63.50
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 24 −20.043 120 88.12
−20.043
𝑀 4 2 −6 0 −88.12
→ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = [ ][ 0 ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 7.949/6 0 −48.04

8) The shear force and bending moment diagrams:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg
 10
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

Example 5 (Side-sway)

Calculate the final end moments and

sketch the bending moment diagram for
the frame shown using the Slope-
Deflection Method.

(𝐸 ≡ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)

Solution:

1) Unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 𝜃𝐷 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐷 = 0 & ∆𝐵 = ∆𝐶 =?
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 (𝐴𝐵); ∆𝐴𝐵 = +∆
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐵𝐶); ∆𝐵𝐶 = 0
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 (𝐶𝐷); ∆𝐶𝐷 = +∆

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹 30×2×12
𝑀𝐴𝐵 =− = −6.67 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀 𝐹
−6.67
32
→ 2 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 13.33 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐹
𝑀𝐵𝐴 =
30×1×2
= 13.33 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐵𝐴
32

40×2×42 +40×4×22 𝑀𝐹 −53.33

𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− 62
= −53.33 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 ] = [ 53.33 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐹 20×1×22
𝑀𝐶𝐷 =− = −8.89 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐹 −8.89
32
→ 2 ⇛ [ 𝐶𝐷
𝐹 ] = [ 4.44 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐹
𝑀𝐷𝐶 =
20×2×1
= 4.44 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐷𝐶
32

3) Stiffness:
→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = (13)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (𝐸𝐼/3) ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = (26)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = (13)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 𝑘

4) Slope-Deflection Equations:
0
𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 −6 𝑘𝜃 −6.67
→ [ ]=[ ][ 𝐵 ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 13.33
𝑘∆/3
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 𝑘𝜃𝐵 −53.33
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 𝑘𝜃𝐶 53.33
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

𝑘𝜃𝐶
𝑀 4 2 −6 −8.89
→ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = [ ][ 0 ] + [ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 𝑘∆/3 4.44
 11
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

5) Equilibrium Equations:
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
→ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ⇛ 𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷 + 10 = 0
6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
6𝑘∆
[(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 3
)+ 13.33] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) − 53.33] = 0

8𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2𝑘∆= 40 ___ (1)

→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
6𝑘∆
[(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 ) + 53.33] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − ) − 8.89] =0
3

2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 8𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2𝑘∆= −44.44 ___ (2)

→ 𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷 + 10 = 0
1 30×1 1 6𝑘∆ 6𝑘∆ 30×1
𝑅ℎ𝐴 = 𝐿 (𝑀𝐴𝐵 + 𝑀𝐵𝐴 ) − = 3 [(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 − + 4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − )− 6.67 + 13.33] −
𝐴𝐵 3 3 3 3
1
= [6𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 4𝑘∆ + 6.66] − 10
3

1 20×1 1 6𝑘∆ 6𝑘∆ 20×1

𝑅ℎ𝐷 = (𝑀𝐶𝐷 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶 ) + = [(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − )− 8.89 + 4.44] +
𝐿𝐶𝐷 3 3 3 3 3
1
= 3 [6𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 4𝑘∆ − 4.45] + 6.67

∴ (𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷 ) + 10 → (2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2.67𝑘∆ − 2.59) + 10 = 0

2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2.67𝑘∆= −7.41 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 7.512) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −6.561) & (𝑘∆= 3.488)
7) Final End Moments:
0
𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 −6 −6.67 1.378
→ [ ]=[ ] [ 7.512 ] + [ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 3.488/3 13.33 36.40
𝑀𝐵𝐶 42 7.512 −53.33 −36.40
→ [ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 24 −6.561 53.33 42.11
𝑀 −6.561
4 2 −6 −8.89 −42.11
→ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = [ ][ 0 ] + [ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 3.488/3 4.44 −15.66

8) The bending moment diagram:

Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg
 12
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

Example 6 (Skew frame)

Calculate the final end moments for the frame

shown using the Slope-Deflection Method taking
the Elastic Modulus (E) as constant for the whole
frame.

Solution:

1) Unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 𝜃𝐷 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐷 = 0 & ∆𝐵 =? & ∆𝐶 =?
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐶𝐷); ∆𝐶𝐷 = +∆
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 (𝐴𝐵); ∆𝐴𝐵 = +(∆𝐶𝐷 sin ∅) = +0.707∆
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐵𝐶); ∆𝐵𝐶 = −(∆𝐶𝐷 cos ∅) = −0.707∆

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹 𝐹 𝐹
𝐹 𝐹 𝐹 𝐹 𝐹 𝐹 𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝑀𝐵𝐶 𝑀𝐶𝐷 0
→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝑀𝐷𝐶 =0 ⇛ [ 𝐹 ] = [ 𝐹 ] = [ 𝐹 ]= [0]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 𝑀𝐶𝐵 𝑀𝐷𝐶

3) Stiffness:

→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = (13)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 1.414𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = (14)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 1.061𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = (√ 1
) (𝐸𝐼) = (4.243
1
)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (𝐸𝐼/4.243) ⇛ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 𝑘
32 +32

4) Slope-Deflection Equations:
0
𝑀 4 2 −6 0
→ [ 𝐴𝐵 ] = 1.414 [ ] [ 𝑘𝜃𝐵 ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 0
0.707𝑘∆/3
𝑘𝜃𝐵
𝑀 4 2 −6 0
→ [ 𝐵𝐶 ] = 1.061 [ ][ 𝑘𝜃𝐶 ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 0
−0.707𝑘∆/4

𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝑘𝜃𝐶
4 2 −6 0
→ [ ]=[ ][ 0 ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 𝑘∆/4.243 0

5) Equilibrium Equations:

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

→ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ⇛ 𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷1 − 𝑅ℎ𝐷2 + 30 = 0

𝑅 ≡ ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝐷 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
( ℎ𝐷1 )
𝑅ℎ𝐷2 ≡ ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝐷 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤
 13
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
6×0.707𝑘∆ 6×−0.707𝑘∆
[1.414 (4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 3
)] + [1.061 (4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 4
)] =0

9.900𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2.122𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 0.872𝑘∆= 0 ___ (1)

→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
6×−0.707𝑘∆ 6𝑘∆
[1.061 (2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 4
)] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 4.243)] = 0

2.122𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 8.244𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 0.289𝑘∆= 0 ___ (2)

→ 𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷1 − 𝑅ℎ𝐷2 + 30 = 0

1 1 6 × 0.707𝑘∆ 6 × 0.707𝑘∆
𝑅ℎ𝐴 = (𝑀 + 𝑀𝐵𝐴 ) = [1.414 (2𝑘𝜃𝐵 − + 4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − )]
𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵 3 3 3
1
= [8.484𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 3.999𝑘∆]
3

1 1 6𝑘∆ 6𝑘∆
𝑅ℎ𝐷1 = (𝑀 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶 ) = [(4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − )]
ℎ𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝐷 3 4.243 4.243
1
= [6𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2.828𝑘∆]
3

𝑏𝐶𝐷 𝑏𝐶𝐷 1
𝑅ℎ𝐷2 = 𝑅 = [ (𝑀 + 𝑀𝐶𝐵 )] = 3 [1 × 1.061 (4𝑘𝜃 + 2𝑘𝜃 + 2𝑘𝜃 + 4𝑘𝜃 − 2 (6 × −0.707𝑘∆))]
ℎ𝐶𝐷 𝑣𝐶 ℎ𝐶𝐷 𝐿𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐶 3 4 𝐵 𝐶 𝐵 𝐶
4

= [1.592𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 1.592𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 0.563𝑘∆]

∴ (𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷1 − 𝑅ℎ𝐷2 ) + 30 = 0;

(1.236𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 0.408𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2.839𝑘∆) + 30 = 0

1.236𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 0.408𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2.839𝑘∆= −30 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 0.938) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = 0.144) & (𝑘∆= 10.996)

7) Final End Moments:

0
𝑀 4 2 −6 0 −19.33
→ [ 𝐴𝐵 ] = 1.414 [ ][ 0.938 ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 0.707(10.996)/3 0 −16.67

0.938
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 −6 0 16.67
→ [ ] = 1.061 [ ][ 0.144 ]+[ ] = [ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 −0.707(10.996)/4 0 14.97

0.144
𝑀 4 2 −6 0 −14.97
→ [ 𝐶𝐷 ] = [ ][ 0 ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 (10.996)/4.243 0 −15.26
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg
 14
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

Example 7 (Skew frame)

Calculate the final end moments for the frame shown using
the Slope-Deflection Method taking the Flexural Rigidity (EI)
as constant for the beam and columns.

Solution:

1) Unknowns (𝜃 & ∆):

→ 𝜃𝐴 = 𝜃𝐷 = 0 & 𝜃𝐵 = ? & 𝜃𝐶 = ?
→ ∆𝐴 = ∆𝐷 = 0 & ∆𝐵 =? & ∆𝐶 =?
→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 (𝐶𝐷); ∆𝐶𝐷 = +∆

→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 (𝐴𝐵); 3

∆𝐴𝐵 = +(∆𝐶𝐷 sin ∅) = + (√13 ∆) = +0.832∆

→ 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝐵𝐶); 2

∆𝐵𝐶 = −(∆𝐶𝐷 cos ∅) = − (√13 ∆) = −0.555∆

2) Fixed End Moments:

𝐹
10×3 𝑀 −3.75
𝐹
→ 𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝐹
= −𝑀𝐵𝐴 =− = −3.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐴𝐵
𝐹 ] = [ 3.75 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝐹
𝐹 𝐹 5×32 𝑀𝐵𝐶 −3.75
→ 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = −𝑀𝐶𝐵 =− = −3.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ⇛ [ 𝐹 ] = [ 3.75 ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
12 𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐹
𝐹 𝐹 𝑀𝐶𝐷 0
→ 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝑀𝐷𝐶 =0 ⇛ [ 𝐹 ]= [0]
𝑀𝐷𝐶
3) Stiffness:

→ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = (13)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑘 = (𝐸𝐼/3) ⇛ 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = (13)(𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝑘

→ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = (√ 1
) (𝐸𝐼) = (√13
1
) (𝐸𝐼) ⇛ 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 0.832𝑘
32 +22

4) Slope-Deflection Equations:
0
𝑀𝐴𝐵 4 2 −6 −3.75
→ [ ]=[ ] [ 𝑘𝜃𝐵 ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 3.75
0.832𝑘∆/3
𝑘𝜃𝐵
𝑀𝐵𝐶 4 2 −6 −3.75
→ [ ]=[ ][ 𝑘𝜃𝐶 ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 3.75
−0.555𝑘∆/3

𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝑘𝜃𝐶
4 2 −6 0
→ [ ] = 0.832 [ ][ 0 ]+[ ]
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 𝑘∆/3.606 0
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

5) Equilibrium Equations:

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
 15
Structural Analysis II Slope-Deflection Method (Plane Frames)

→ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇛ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
→ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ⇛ 𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷1 − 𝑅ℎ𝐷2 + 10 = 0

6) Substitute the Slope-Deflection Equations in the Equilibrium Equations:

→ 𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0
6×0.832𝑘∆ 6×−0555𝑘∆
[(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 3
)+ 3.75] + [(4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 3
)− 3.75] = 0

8𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 0.554𝑘∆= 0 ___ (1)

→ 𝑀𝐶𝐵 + 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0
6×−0.555𝑘∆ 6𝑘∆
[(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 3
) + 3.75] + [0.832 (4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 3.606)] = 0

2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 7.328𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 0.274𝑘∆= −3.75 ___ (2)

→ 𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷1 − 𝑅ℎ𝐷2 + 10 = 0

1 10 1 6 × 0.832𝑘∆ 10
𝑅ℎ𝐴 = (𝑀 + 𝑀𝐵𝐴 ) − = [(2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 2 ( )) − 3.75 + 3.75] −
𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵 2 3 3 2

1
= [6𝑘𝜃𝐵 − 3.328𝑘∆] − 5
3

1 1 6𝑘∆
𝑅ℎ𝐷1 = (𝑀 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶 ) = [0.832 (4𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2 ( ))]
ℎ𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝐷 3 3.606

1
= [4.992𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2.769𝑘∆]
3

𝑏𝐶𝐷 1 6 × −0.555𝑘∆
𝑅ℎ𝐷2 = 𝑅
ℎ𝐶𝐷 𝑣𝐶 2 3 (4𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 4𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2 ( 3
)) − 3.75
=
𝑏𝐶𝐷 1 5×3 3 5×3
= [ (𝑀𝐵𝐶 + 𝑀𝐶𝐵 ) + ]
ℎ𝐶𝐷 𝐿𝐵𝐶 2 [ + 3.75 + 2 ]
2
= [2𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 2𝑘𝜃𝐶 + 0.74𝑘∆ + 7.5]
3

∴ (𝑅ℎ𝐴 + 𝑅ℎ𝐷1 − 𝑅ℎ𝐷2 ) + 10 = 0;

(0.667𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 0.331𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2.526𝑘∆ − 10) + 10 = 0

0.667𝑘𝜃𝐵 + 0.331𝑘𝜃𝐶 − 2.526𝑘∆= 0 ___ (3)

⟹ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠: ⇛ (𝑘𝜃𝐵 = 0.135) & (𝑘𝜃𝐶 = −0.550) & (𝑘∆= −0.036)

7) Final End Moments:

𝑀𝐴𝐵 0
4 2 −6 −3.75 −3.42
→ [ ]=[ ][ 0.135 ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 2 4 −6 0.832 × −0.036/3 3.75 4.35

𝑀𝐵𝐶 0.135
4 2 −6 −3.75 −4.35
→ [ ]=[ ][ −0.55 ]+[ ]=[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐵 2 4 −6 −0.555 × −0.036/3 3.75 1.78
Eng. Nyazi Tawfeeg

𝑀𝐶𝐷 −0.55
4 2 −6 0 −1.78
→ [ ] = 0.832 [ ][ 0 ]+[ ] =[ ] 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝐷𝐶 2 4 −6 −0.036/3.606 0 −0.87