Thinking and

Scientific research
  Relation between thinking and scientific
research:
1- Definition
• It is a mental activity that an individual does
when he wants to solve a problem, make a
Thinking decision, or try to understand a topic

It is defined as an organized intellectual •

activity carried out by a person called
the researcher in order to study a
specific problem called (research
problem) is handled using an or gained
Scientific
scientific method called (research
Research
method) in order to discover new facts
or relationships to find appropriate
solutions to remedy the problem, and
then to reach Results are generalizable
and this is called (search results).
2- Types
 thinking

Scientific research

It is clear from the foregoing the relationship between thinking and scientific research,
which is that thinking is the first and basic pillar and the first stage for preparing scientific
research, and therefore scientific research depends mainly on thinking, so if the thinking is
good, we will get good scientific research and here we can say that scientific research is
only a mirror that reflects us Thinking
 Steps of Scientific Thinking
 • The scientific method starts when you ask a question about
something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or
Ask a Question Where?
For a science fair project some teachers require that the question be
something you can measure, preferably with a number.

• Rather than starting from scratch in putting together a plan for

Do Background  answering your question, you want to be a savvy scientist using library
Research and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things and
ensure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past.

•A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work. It is an attempt to

answer your question with an explanation that can be tested. A good
hypothesis allows you to then make a prediction:
Construct a Hypothesis "If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will happen.“
State both your hypothesis and the resulting prediction you will be testing.
Predictions must be easy to measure.

•Your experiment tests whether your prediction is accurate and thus your
hypothesis is supported or not. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test.
Test Your Hypothesis  You conduct a fair test by making sure that you change only one factor at a
by Doing an Experiment time while keeping all other conditions the same.
You should also repeat your experiments several times to make sure that the first
results weren't just an accident.
 •Once your experiment is complete, you collect your measurements and

Analyze Your
analyze them to see if they support your hypothesis or not.

Scientists often find that their predictions were not accurate and their

Data and Draw hypothesis was not supported, and in such cases they will communicate the
results of their experiment and then go back and construct a new hypothesis
and prediction based on the information they learned during their experiment.
a Conclusion This starts much of the process of the scientific method over again. Even if they
find that their hypothesis was supported, they may want to test it again in a new
way.

•To complete your science fair project you will communicate your results to
Communicate others in a final report and/or a display board. Professional scientists do almost
exactly the same thing by publishing their final report in a scientific journal or by

Your Results
presenting their results on a poster or during a talk at a scientific meeting. In a
science fair, judges are interested in your findings regardless of whether or not
they support your original hypothesis.
 levels of Research

 Science Research differs in its objectives, method, approach, and

analysis after that, several levels of scientific research appeared,
and among these are
 First level •it is a type of simplified research carried out by the student in orbit under
the supervision of the teacher and depends on the use of appropriate
Descriptive sources of information from the library, learning resource center or public
libraries, and the teacher may define this research through accompanying
research research activities For the curriculum, classroom research aims to

Development of thinking
and skills building for the
students.
train the Student in The development
preparing scientific
research and using various of the character of
sources of information. the family

•A research presented to a specialized conference, usually describing an experiment or

The analyzing a specific problem for the purpose of presenting it, discussing it and issuing
recommendations thereon.
second •Important note: The school student can prepare a simplified worksheet under the supervision of the Scientific
Research Committee in the school and take into account the steps to conduct scientific research
level: Work
sheet
Third level: • A research that follows the scientific method in research with
the aim of investigating a specific phenomenon or describing it
The with the aim of spreading it in one of the scientific fields, and the
scientific article is subject to arbitration by specialized professors
scientific for approval and publication in scientific fields
article

Fourth • : A research to obtain a degree (master's or doctorate), under

scientific supervision from one of the specialized professors,
level and deals with topics Never studied And it often takes time
(many years) Therefore, the pages and references are many
University and a more accurate and comprehensive search level
letter
 Ethics of scientific research
Respecting the rights, opinions, and dignity of others, whether they are fellow
researchers, participants in the research, or those targeted by the research, and
there are some considerations as for ethical behavior, it includes the following:
 Your search results must be honestly conveyed, be honest in what you
Credibility convey, not complete any incomplete information depending on what you
think has happened, and avoid taking other people's research and
attribute it to you.
•

Experience The work you do in the research should be appropriate to your level
of experience and training
•
Do not expose yourself to a physical or moral danger, take your preparatory
precautions when conducting experiments, and do not attempt to implement your

safety solution in environments that may be dangerous from the geological, weather, social,
or chemical aspects, and the safety of those targeted by the research is also
important, so do not embarrass them or make them feel Ashamed or put them at risk
in the subject of your research.

Try to build a relationship of trust with those you work with, so that you get
Confidence greater cooperation from them and more meaningful results, and do not
take advantage of the confidence of the people you are studying.
•

Always make sure that you obtain prior approval from those you want to work with

Okay during the research period, as the individuals you want to study should know that they
are under study, for example if you need to enter into the ownership of others you must
obtain their consent to do it
 The targets and participants of the research (the research sample) have
the right to withdraw from the study at any time, and always remember
Withdrawal that the participants are often volunteers and should be treated with
kindness.
•

Digital Do not record sounds, take pictures or shoot video without the consent
recording of the intended audience for the research, and obtain pre-approval
before starting any recording
•

Exploitation Do not take advantage of situations in the interest of your research; do

of positions not explain what you notice or what others say indirectly until they serve
your judgment.
•

Confidentiality of The targets and participants of the research (the research sample) have the
right to withdraw from the study at any time, and always remember that the
the information participants are often volunteers and should be treated with kindness
•

If your study is animal related, there are ethical considerations in this regard
animals rights that you must consider. You must treat and care for the animal with proper
care and a sense of the extent of pain and discomfort in it