THE RISE OF

NATIONALISM IN
EUROPE
BY MURARI LAL
DAV BILASPUR
DEPTT. OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
 FREDERIC SORRIEU’S
2 . A female
1. The first print of 3 . On the
figure was
the series shows the earth in the
peoples of Europe shown with the
foreground of
and America men torch of
and women of all the image lie
enlightenment
ages and social the shattered
classes marching in ion one hand
remains of the
a long train and the charter of
offering homage to symbol of
the right of
the statue of liberty absolutist
as they pass by it. man in the
institutions.
other.
 5 . From the
4. In Sorrieu’s
heavens above
utopian vision the
Christ saints and
people of the
angles gaze upon
world are
the scene. They
grouped as
have been used
distinct nations,
by the artists to
identified through
symbolised
their flags and
fraternity among
national
the nations of the
costumes.
world.
 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND THE
IDEA OF NATION

Various
French
revolution of practices Declaratio Setting up
1789 lead to adopted to n of of Jacobin
transfer of develop a mission to clubs by
sovereignty sense of liberate educated
from collective Europe middle
monarchy to identity from class and
a body of
among despotism Europe
citizens
people
 FRENCH REVOLUTIONARIES CREATE SENSE OF
COLLECTIVE IDENTITY

2 . A new French flag 4 . New hymns were

The introduction of the tricolour was composed oaths
la .patrie [the chosen to replace taken and martyrs
fatherland ] and le the former royal commemorated all in
citeon [the citizen ] standard . the nation.
emphases the notion 3 . The estate 5 . Regional dialects
of a united general was elected were discouraged
community enjoying by the body of active and French was
equal rights under a citizens and declared as the
constitution. renamed the national common language of
assembly. the nation.
 NAPOLEAN CODE/ CIVIL CODE

3. Peasants freed 6 . Establishment of

1 .Privileges
from serfdom and right to property
based on birth
manorial dues.
abolished and 7 . Feudal system
equality before 4 . Improvement in abolished
law was transport and 8. Removal of guild
established. communication restrictions in towns.
systems. 9 . Uniform laws and
2 . Administrative
5 . Adoption of standardisation of
divisions were weight and
common national
simplified. measures.
currency.
 THE MAKING OF NATIONALISM OF
EUROPE

Educated
Autocracy and Industrialisatio
new middle class . n began in liberal
Landed France in 19th middle
aristocracy century that classes
dominated society
and political
led to the popularised
through small and evolutions of abolition of
politics through working and
aristocratic
small but poerful. middle classes.
privileges.
 LIBERAL NATIONALISM POLITICAL AND
ECONOMIC SPHERE

1. In the economic 2 . The system

sphere liberalism also favoured
stood for the abolition of
freedom of multiple currency 4 . Creation
markets and the system. of unified
abolition of state 3 . The system economic
imposed also supported
restrictions on the common weight or
territory.
movement of measurement
goods and capital. system.
 POLITICAL SPHERE

4 . Representative
1 . Government by
government through
concept .
parliament .
2 . End of autocracy
5 . Abolition of
3 . Adoption of property rights .
constitution .
6. Equality before law.
 A NEW CONSERVATION AFTER 1815

1. Basic belief :
2 . Belief in 3 . Ways to strengthen
conservatives
modernisation : most autocratic rule: a
believed that
conservative modern army an
established traditional
supported efficient bureaucracy
institutions of state
modernisation a dynamic economy
and society like the
because they believed the abolition of
monarchy the church
that it could help in feudalism and serfdom
social hierarchies
strengthening could strengthen the
property and the
institutions like the autocratic monarchies
family should be
monarchy. of Europe.
preserved.
 5 . Against freedom and
4 .Vienna congress of 1815 :
liberty : they did not tolerate
in 1815 representative of he
criticism and dissent and
European powers met at
sought to curb activities that
Vienna to draw up a
questioned the legitimacy of
settlement for Europe. The
autocratic governments.
delegate drew up the treaty
Most of the them imposed
of Vienna of 1815 with the
censorship laws to control
object of undoing most of the
what was said in newspaper
changes that had come about
books plays and songs and
in Europe during the
reflected the ideas of liberty
Napoleonic wars.
and freedom.
 THE REVOLUTIONARIES
GIUSEPPE MAZZINI

1. Establishment 5 . Giuseppe Mazzini

of secret societies 3 . Mazzini viewed joined one such
to spread the nations to be society of carbonari.
ideas of necessary for 6 . Later founded
nationalism and humanity. young Italy in
oppose 4 . Inspired other Marseilles and young
conservatism. secret societies in Europe in Bern.
2 . Mazzini Germany , France 7 . Conservatives
opposed and Poland . frightened by his
monarchy. move.
 THE AGE OF REVOLUTION 1830-1848
ROMANTIC IMAGINATION AND NATIONAL FEELING

1 . Culture created
ideas of a nation.
4 . Emotions
intuition and 6. Collected local
2 . Art poetry folklore to spread
music shaped
mystical
nationalism even
nationalist feelings were
among illiterates.
feelings. encouraged .
7 . Used languages
3 . Romantic 5 . Popularised to resists foreign
artists criticised true spirit of dominance .
reason and
science . nation.
 HUNGER HARDSHIP AND REVOLT

1. Enormous 5 . Shift
increase in competition
between hand
population all over 8 . Food
Europe. made goods and
machine made storage
2 . Reduced job. goods.
3 . Large scale 9 . Peasants
6 . Peasants
rural migration to burdened with and weavers
cities. feudal dues. revolted.
4 . Overcrowded 7 . Rise of food
cities . price.
THE FRANKFURT ASSEMBLY 1848
 THE REVOLUTION OF THE LIBERALS -1848

4 . In
Germany
1.French professionals 6 . When
monarchy businessmen offered
8 . Political
uprooted by
artisans crown 10. Fearing
Revolt of 1848. association
decided to Friedrich future
liberal middle formed by
vote for all Wilhelm IV
class demanded women for revolutions
constitution and German king of
national Prussia
political monarchs
National rights.
unification. rejected . granted
Assembly.
2. Frankfurt 9. concession
parliament 5 . Germany 7 . Social
base of
Conservative s and
organised in to be forced introduced
church of st.
governed parliament
Paul. suppressed changes.
through shifted to
liberals.
3. Constitution
constitutiona middle class
drafted.
l monarchy. dominance.