REPORT: VISIT TO SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

DATE OF VISIT: 24.02.24

LOCATION: SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
OBJECTIVE: To study the various units of sewage treatment plant and to know the processes
used to for the treatment.
INTRODUCTION:
Sewage is waste water from community containing solid and liquid excreta derived from
houses, street etc. Sewage contains 99.9% of water. The solid comprises of organic and
inorganic materials.
It includes physical, biological and chemical processes.
• PHYSICAL PROCESS: -
1. Preliminary physical process
2. Primary physical process
• BIOLOGICAL PROCESS: -
1. Anaerobic process
2. Aerobic process
3. Facultative process
• CHEMICAL PROCESS: -
Chlorination is done

UNITS IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT:

1. INLET CHAMBER: includes the waste water from different areas
2. GRIT CHAMBER: contains organic and inorganic materials is removed
3. UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (USAB) REACTOR: the collected water is then
distributed in the USAB Reactor.
4. AERATION TANK: Aims at bringing water in intimate contact with air. In this process of
aeration, oxygen is absorbed by water and carbon dioxide is liberated. It removes
hydrogen sulphide which removes the odour.
5. DRYING BED SLUDGE: Sludge is dried by spreading over the land. It is composed of 4
layers consisting of coarse gravel, fine gravel, sand.
AIM OF SEWAGE PURIFICATION:
1. Untreated sewage should not be discharged into rivers, sea etc.
2. The oxygen in water supply is used by aerobic bacteria found in the sewage,
which leads to the depletion of oxygen in water which leads to death of
animals and plants.
3. Stabilizes the organic matter.

MODERN SEWAGE TREATMENT:

• PRIMARY TREATMENT
1. SCREENING: First its passed through an metal screen, which interprets large
floating objects.
2. GRIT CHAMBER: Sewage is passed through grit chamber. Chamber allows the
settlement of heavier solids such as sand gravels.
3. PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION: It’s admitted to primary sedimentation tank.
Sewage is made to flow very slowly across the tank at a velocity of 1-2ft/min.
The sewage spends about 6-8 hours in the tank.
• SECONDARY TREATMENT
1. TRICKLING METHOD: It’s a bed of crushed stones. The effluent is sprinkled on
the surface of the bed. Effluent gets oxidized by zoological layer.
2. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS: Effluent is mixed with activated sludge. This
mixture is subjected to aeration in the aeration chamber for about 6-8 hours.
Organic matter oxidised co2, nitrates and water.

FLOW DIAGRAM OF VARIOUS TREATMENT UNITS IN STP:

CONCLUSION: From this we came to know more about the sewage treatment plant. The
principle behind it, design, parts and the processes.