CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF GUJARAT

REPORT
ON
SUMMER INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PROGRAM
AT
SILK SAREE EMPORIUM,COTTON MILL
CHAUGHAT, VARANASI (UTTAR PRADESH)

SUBMITTED BY- PRACHI SINGH

ENROLLMENT NO.- 230502018
M.Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Industrial Training is an integral part of the Master's

curriculum, which provides first hand practical aspects of
our academic curriculum. It gives us enough knowledge
about the work and circumstances existing in a company.

I sincerely acknowledge the help extended by the

institutions and individuals, which are responsible for the
completion of this report.

My sincere thanks to our Dean of School of Environment

and Sustainable Development, Dr. R. Y. Hiranmai ma’am
and our Class-in-charge, Dr. Dheeraj Rathore sir for giving
me the opportunity to undertake the training program.

I wish to express my sincere thanks to the Managing

Director and Founder of Silk Saree Emporium Pvt. Ltd., Mr.
Himanshu Singh, for giving me this opportunity to work
and learn at the same time for continuous guidance during
my training period and for encouraging me and providing
great support to me in each and every matter and other staff
members, for providing necessary facility and guidance
during my training period.

Prachi Singh

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. Content Page no.

1 Introduction 4
2 Weaving 5
3 Equipments: 6-11
Type of looms
4 Raw material and tools 11-13
5 Process & 14-17
Diagrams 17-19
6 Products 19-22
6 Project components 22-24
7 Advantages and 24-25
disadvantage of fabric
8 Quality check 26
9 Waste generation and 26-28
treatment
10 Conclusion 29

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 INTRODUCTION
At Silk saree emporium, their design aesthetic
carefully builds on the rich vocabulary of Banarasi
textile traditions. Many of their weaves are
decidedly traditional, but each is unique in its
artistry, authenticity of materials and
craftsmanship, each a sublime realisation of
complex know-how.

I frequently find ourselves wearing motifs and

patterns that appear classical, as They attempt to
design textiles whose beauty remains unaffected by
passing trends. Time-honoured motifs and
placements that communicate collective cultural
memory, values and provenance.

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 What is weaving ?

Weaving is the process of interlacing vertical

and horizontal threads at right angles to
create a textile. People around the world have
practised weaving for centuries, and they use
it to create many kinds of textiles. By varying
the way threads are woven, different surface
appearances are created.

Man weaving on a handloom in India, circa

1873

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 Equipment
First, let's discuss a few fundamental terms. A
loom is a piece of equipment used to weave
textiles. It can be as simple as a wooden frame
handloom or as complicated as an
electronically-controlled modern industrial loom.
The width of the loom determines the width of the
textile.
A weaver uses a loom to interlace two kinds of
threads, called the warp and the weft.
Warp threads are vertical threads that run
the length of the textile. They're attached to
the loom during the weaving process. The
weft threads are those that run horizontal.
They pass through the warp threads to form
the weave pattern.

Types of looms
● Backstrap Loom
The backstrap loom is a simple loom developed by
ancient civilizations and still used in many
countries today. The warp is tied around a
stationary object on one end and to the weaver at

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the other. The weight of the weaver keeps the warp
taut.

● Tapestry Looms
Tapestry looms include the simplest of looms, the
frame loom. Frame looms do not have any ability
to create a shed, and a tapestry you create on a
frame loom is constrained to the size of the frame.

● Inkle Looms
Inkle looms are used to weave narrow strips of
fabric such as straps and belts. They are portable
and while they are a great beginner’s loom,The
bands can serve as purse straps, dog collars,
leashes, and many other items.

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 ● Rigid-Heddle Looms
A rigid-heddle loom is a offers a lot in terms of
patterning to an experienced weaver through hand
manipulation of the warp and weft. With one rigid
heddle, they can be used for two-shaft weaving
using yarns that are generally thicker than those
used by multi-shaft looms.

● Table Looms
Table looms are smaller and more portable than
floor looms but more complex than the other small

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looms in this list. They are made to be used on top
of a table or on a stand.

● Floor Looms
These are the largest of the home weaver’s looms.
They’re freestanding and made for weaving larger
projects. You can use a floor loom to produce
longer and wider pieces of fabric, home linens,
accessories, and rugs but they can also be used
for smaller items like
scarves and coasters.

● Hand loom
A 'handloom' is a loom that is used to weave cloth
without the use of any electricity. Hand weaving is

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done on pit looms or frame looms generally
located in weavers' homes. Weaving is primarily
the interlacing of two sets of yarn – the warp
(length) and the weft (width).

● Powerloom

A power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one

of the key developments in the industrialization of
weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.
The first power loom was designed and patented in
1785 by Edmund Cartwright. This device was

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designed in 1834 by James Bullough and William

Kenworthy

Raw material and tools :-

● Mulberry Silk: The basic raw material

used for the production of sarees is silk.
Finely processed silk is purchased.The
tough silk which comes from different
state grants lustre and smooth finish to
the sari.

● Zari: Golden thread is imported from

Surat. Pure silver and gold is used to make
Zari thread. Recently, the artisans started
zari unit to produce zari thread locally.
This thread is especially used for borders
and pallu of saree.

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● Dye: Different colours of dye colour
powders purchased from local markets.
The colour powder is mixed in boiling
water while dyeing the silk yarn.

● Copper Containers:Huge copper

containers are used in the dyeing process.
These containers are used to dye the
boiling solution.

● Rice Starch:Starch is extracted by boiling

rice. The extracted solution, Yarn is
dipped into it to obtain stiffness.

● Spinning wheel: This is a hand cranking

spinning wheel. It is used to spin the silk
yarn to spools and spindles. These
spindles are used in the weaving process
for weft weaving.

● Fly-shuttle:It is mainly used to process the

weft. The spools are inserted in fly-shuttle
while weaving. These shuttles are made of
whole bamboo pole.

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 ● Warping machine:This is used to draw the
length of the yarn from the spools.

● Punch Cards:The design is punched on the

punch cards.

Process:-
Reeling:

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In the process of reeling (tying the yarn in
a bundle), the threads are separately
mounted on the reeling machine, for the
warp (tana) the yarn is rolled on a shuttle.
The yarn for weft (bana) is firstly mounted
on a charkha and then rolled on the
bobbin.

Dyeing:
Dyeing of yarn in a particular colour
usually involves immersing the reel or
cheese of yarn in the dyeing tank.

Weaving:
The most complicated part of the whole
process is weaving, where the sari is
woven on a handloom. Banarasi sarees are
woven on jacquard pit looms. The tana
(warp), the longitudinal threads, are held
in tension on the loom and lifted up. The
bana (weft), the latitudinal threads, are
placed in a shuttle. As the shuttle moves

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back and forth, the warp and weft threads

are interwoven.

Iterations:
Choosing and balancing colours in a
pattern is an integral part of our design
process and perhaps.
Once a pattern has been designed,
graphed with a certain number of colours
in mind, and set up on the loom,
individual colours are carefully chosen for
each element. After several iterations and
engaging discussions between the design
team and the weavers, a beautiful saree
emerges.

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Finishing:
Depending on the weaving technique
employed, Banarasi sarees need to go
through the final process of cutting. This
involves manually cutting the tiny threads
left on the reverse of the fabric. The sarees
are then folded and packaged.

Images from A to E are diagrammatic

representations of the stepwise making
of fabric and below it shows the actual
images of processing.

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Products:-
Silk has been prized for thousands of years for
its incredible softness and durability and to
this day, consumers prefer real silk over its
synthetic alternatives.
Examples of consumer apparel items made from
silk include scarves, shirts, blouses, and
eveningwear. Due to its lightweight and soft
attributes, silk is also a favourite material for
lingerie and underwear for men.

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In the home, silk might be used to make decorative
pillows, curtains, or wall hangings.
Here, images of some products are
given from the silk saree emporium
workshop.

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Project Components:-

● Land: The mechanical arrangement

requires space for karkhana. Likewise a
portion of the zone of building is needed
for office staff offices, documentation,
office furniture, and so forth In this way,
the inexact all out region needed for

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 complete limited scope production line
arrangement is 1500-2000Sq. ft. roughly.

● Civil Work: This business is normally

overseen from home where there is a
different space in the actual house for the
business related movement which is called
KARKHANA.

● Workshop Area- This zone incorporates

the hardware arrangement and
establishment space for all supplies, work
floor zone, and vital tooling, sewing and
cleaning. Complete workshop zone is
approx. 1000Sqft.

● Inventory Area- This zone incorporates

the extra room for all the crude materials,
tooling and pass on extra room and
completed merchandise. Absolute stock
territory is approx. 200-400Sqft.

● Office Area – This space incorporates staff

working locale, their convenience space,

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 bottle zone, clinical office and so on
Absolute workshop zone is approx.
400Sqft.

● Parking Space, Electricity Utensils

Mounting Space, and Others.

● Power Requirement: The Power

requirement would be 10 Hp.

● Man Power Requirement: Following

manpower is required.
Weavers-4 Skilled/Unskilled Worker-3
Helper-4 2 Skilled worker including Sales
Personal and Accountant.

Advantage and disadvantages of silk

industries:-

Silk has unique qualities that explain its

success in fabric manufacturing:-
➔ Its texture is soft, fluid and shiny.

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 ➔ It is the most resistant natural fibre,
with great elasticity.
➔ Excellent thermal conductivity, it is
thermoregulatory.
➔ Lightness, flexibility and drapability.
➔ Hypoallergenic and antibacterial thanks
to its composition.
➔ Silk is very hydrophilic and absorbs up
to 30% of its weight in humidity without
giving a sensation of humidity.
➔ Eco-responsibility and biodegradability.
➔ Timeless luxury and elegance.

The disadvantages of silk

➔ High cost.
➔ Specific and delicate maintenance.
➔ Ethical issues related to production.
➔ Sensitivity to water and stains.
➔ Environmental impact of silkworm
cultivation.
➔ Limitations in daily use.

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Quality check:-
How to ensure the quality of silk ?
Touch, flexibility, brilliance: nothing beats
careful checking to ensure the quality of a silk
fabric, in a store or online.
We distinguish several criteria:-
➔ Purity of the dye.
➔ Regularity and fineness of the weaving.
➔ Intensity and vibrancy of color,
resistance to washing.
➔ Solidity of the seams and careful
finishes.
➔ Certifications (Oeko-Tex, Global Organic
Textile Standard).

Waste generation and treatment:-

This chart shows the environmental impact of
pollutants released from various sources of
this textile industry.

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Pollutants discharged in the processing of
textile(silk).

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Partial Symbiosis among the firms: The
industrial units within clusters could coalesce
in establishment of common treatment/
processing of effluents for disposal/ reuse
initially with prime focus of the firms
remaining on minimising the pollution arising
out of their operations.
Cleaner production could provide suitable
financial benefits to the firms through an
efficient system minimising environmental
and health risks

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 Conclusion
I want to Conclude my summer internship at Silk
saree emporium, I have gained invaluable
hands-on experience and deep insights into the
textile industry. I have developed a solid
understanding of the manufacturing processes,
quality control measures, and operational
efficiencies essential for producing silk fabric. One
of the highlights of my internship was learning
about the company's commitment to
environmental sustainability. I observed how silk
saree emporium implements eco-friendly
practice.This internship has significantly
complimented my theoretical knowledge with
practical experience.

Concepts and techniques I studied in my

coursework were brought to life as I actively
engaged in real-world projects and
problem-solving.

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