ANIMAL TISSUE CULTURE

ASSIGNMENT
APPLICATIONS OF ANIMAL CELL CULTURES IN DIFFERENT FIELDS.
NAME: SUMEDHA M
CLASS: TYBSc BIOTECHNOLOGY
ROLL NO. : 13802
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WHAT IS ANIMAL CELL CULTURE?
Animal cell culture is a type of biotechnological technique where animal
cells are artificially grown in a favourable environment.
 The cells used in animal cell culture are usually obtained from multicellular
eukaryotes and their established cell lines.
 Animal cell culture is a common and widely used technique for the isolation
of cells and their culture under artificial conditions.
 This technique was developed as a laboratory technique for particular studies;
however, it has since been developed to maintain live cell lines as a separate
entity from the original source.
 The development of animal cell culture techniques is due to the development
of basic tissue culture media, which enables the working of a wide variety of
cells under different conditions.
 In vitro culture of isolated cells from different animals has helped in the
discovery of different functions and mechanisms of operations of different
cells.

1 | APPLICATIONS OF ANIMAL CELL CULTURES IN DIFFERENT FIELDS.

 APPLICATIONS OF ANIMAL CELL CULTURES
The following are some of the applications of animal cell culture;
1. Production of vaccines
 Cultured animal cells are used for the production of viruses and these viruses
are used to produce vaccines. Immortalized cell lines are used for the large-
scale or industrial production of viral vaccines.
 Vaccines for deadly diseases like polio, rabies, hepatitis B, Chicken pox and
measles are produced using animal cell cultures.

2. Model systems
 Cells obtained from cell culture can be studied as a model system for
studies related to
 cell biology
 host-pathogen interactions,
 effects of drugs,
 effects due to changes in the cell composition.
 Nutritional studies

IN THIS PICTURE, RAT ACTS AS A MODEL ORGANISM.

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 3. Cancer Research
 The basic difference between normal and cancer cells can be studied using
animal cell culture technique, as both cells can be cultured in laboratory. In
addition, it is possible, by the use of chemicals, viruses and radiation, to
convert normal cultured cells to cancer causing cells.
 In addition, it is possible, by the use of chemicals, viruses and radiation, to
convert normal cultured cells to cancer causing cells.
 Cancer cells can also be used as test systems for studies related to the
efficiencies of drugs and techniques used in cancer treatment.
 Recent studies in cancer look forward to selectively kill cancer cells in a
population mixed with normal primary cells.

THE CANCER CELLS LOCATED AT LUNGS ARE ISOLATED AND CULTURED

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 4. Toxicity Testing
 Animal cell cultures are widely used to prevent animal testing for toxicity
testing of new drugs, chemicals, and cosmetics.
 Major animal cell cultures used in this domain are Kidney- and liver-derived
cell cultures.
 Cultured cells are also used to determine the maximum permissible dosage of
new drugs.

5. Gene Engineering
 Genetic engineering revolves around the idea of reprogramming genes to
produce new proteins. Transfection is the ability to induce new genetic
material in cells.
 Animal cell cultures can be used for transfection to produce new proteins in
large quantities for clinical study or therapeutic purposes.
 Insect cells are widely used as miniature cells factories to express substantial
quantities of proteins that they manufacture after being infected with
genetically engineered baculoviruses.

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 6. Gene therapy

 The development of animal cell culture is critical for the advances in gene
therapy.
 Cells with faulty genes can be replaced by a functional gene in order to
remove such defects and diseases.
 As we know animal cell cultures can be used for genetic engineering, these
engineered cells can be also be used for therapy. Cells can be removed from a
patient and can be replaced by engineered cells having the desired functional
gene.
 An alternative approach is to add the missing gene in the patient’s cells using
a viral vector.

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 7. Drug Screening and Development

 In the pharmaceutical industry, animal cell culture-based assays have become

increasingly important. They are used not only for toxicity but also for high
throughput drug screening.
 This is also used to find out the effective and safe dosage of new drugs.
 This plays an important role in pharmaceutical industries.

8. Replacement Tissue or Organ:

 Animal cell culture can be used as replacement tissue or organs. For example
artificial skin can be produced using this technique to treat patients with burns
and ulcers. However research is going on artificial organ culture such as liver,
kidney and pancreas.
 Organ culture techniques and research are being conducted on both embryonic
and adult stem cell culture. These cells have the capacity to differentiate into
many different types of cells and organs.
 It is belived that by learning to control the development and differentiation of
these cells may be used to treat variety of medical conditions.

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 9. Recombinant proteins
 Animal cell cultures can also be used for the production of recombinant
therapeutic proteins like cytokines, hematopoietic growth factors, growth
factors, hormones, blood products, and enzymes.
 Some of the common animal cell lines used for the production of these
proteins are baby hamster kidney and CHO cells.
 Animal cell cultures are used to produce commercially important genetically
engineered proteins such as monoclonal antibodies, insulin, hormones, and
much more.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my Animal tissue culture teacher,

Mr. Mruthyunjaya. S.S. for giving the topic, APPLICATION OF ANIMAL
CELL CULTURES IN DIFFERENT FIELDS as my assignment. I have taken
references from the sites mentioned below.

REFERENCES
1. Microbe notes
https://microbenotes.com/animal-cell-culture/#applications-of-
animal-cell-culture

2. Kosheeka
https://kosheeka.com/9-applications-of-animal-cell-culture/
#:~:text=Animal%20cell%20cultures%20have%20been%20used
%20for%20biomarker,in%20a%20population%20mixed%20with
%20normal%20primary%20cells.

3. Biotech articles
https://www.biotecharticles.com/Others-Article/Applications-of-
Animal-Cell-Culture-Technique-366.html

4. Biology discussions
https://www.biologydiscussion.com/cell/animal-cell-culture/
applications-of-animal-cell-culture-9-applications/12694

8 | APPLICATIONS OF ANIMAL CELL CULTURES IN DIFFERENT FIELDS.