TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii
Certification- - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - iv
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - v
Table of contents - - - - - - - - vi
List of tables - - - - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Background of the study - - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the problem - - - - - - - 3
1.3 Justification of the study - - - - - - - 3
1.4 Objective of the study - - - - - - - 4
1.5 Limitation of the Study - - - - - - 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - - 5
2.1 Effect of organic Fertilizer on growth of okra - - - 5
2.2 Effect of organic Fertilizer on yield of okra - - - - 7
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Material and Methods - - - - - - - 10
3.1 Experimental Site - - - - - - - - 10
3.2 Treatments and Experimental design - - - - - 10
3.3 Cultural Practices - - - - - - - - 11
3.3.1 Land Clearing/preparation - - - - - - 11
3.3.2 Planting - - - - - - - - - 11
3.3.3 Weeding - - - - - - - - - 11

x
3.3.4 Fertilizer Application - - - - - - - 12
3.3.5 Harvesting - - - - - - - - 12
3.3.6 Sampling Techniques - - - - - - - 12
3.4 Data Collection - - - - - - - - 13
3.4.1 Growth Data - - - - - - - - 13
3.4.2 Plant Height (cm) - - - - - - - 13
3.4.3 Number of Leaves - - - - - - - 13
3.4.4 Yield data - - - - - - - - - 13
3.4.5 Harvested Pod yield per plant - - - - - - 13
3.4.6 Harvested Pod Yield tonne per plot - - - - 14
3.4.7 Harvested Pod Yield in Tonne Per Hectare (t/ha)- - - 14
3.4.8 Statistical Analysis of Data - - - - - - 14
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results - - - - - - - - - 15
4.1 Plant Height(cm) - - - - - - - - 15
4.2 Number of Leaves per plant - - - - - - 15
4.3 Number of Pods per Plant - - - - - - 16
4.4 Length of pods per plant (cm) - - - - - - 17
4.5 Weight of pods per plot (kg) - - - - - - 18
4.6 Weight of Pod tonne per hectare (t/ha) - - - - 18
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion - - - - - - - - - 20
5.1 Plant Height (cm) - - - - - - - - 20
5.2 Number of Leaves per Plant - - - - - 20
5.3 Number of pods per plot - - - - - - - 20
5.4 Length of Pods per Plant (cm) - - - - - 21
5.5 Weight of Pods per plot (kg) - - - - - - 21

x
5.6 Weight of pod tonne per Hectare (kg) - - - - - 21

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation - - - 22
6.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - 22
6.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 22
6.3 Recommendation - - - - - - - - 23
References - - - - - - - - - 24

x
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: : Effect of Poultry Manure on Plant height (cm) of okra at 3,6 and 9 weeks

after planting (WAP). - - - - - - -- 14

Table 2: effect of poultry manure on number of leaves of okra at 3, 6 and 9 weeks

after plaiting (WAP) treatment number of leaves per plant - -15

Table 3: Effect of poultry manure on number of pod of okra per plot. - 16

Table 4: Effect of poultry manure on length of pods of okra per plant at 10 and 11

(WAP) (CM). - - - -- - - - - 16

Table 5: Effect of poultry manure on weight of okra pods per plot (kg).- 17

Table 6: Effect of poultry manure on weight of pods tonne per

hectare (t/ha). - - - - - - - - 18

x
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Information

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus, L Moench) is widely cultivated in the tropics

mainly for its life fruits which are use as vegetables both in green and dry state.

Anyawo et al (1998) reported that, the crop has been under cultivation long ago in

Central America and Egypt but it is believed to be origin of Asian.Philips (1977),

stated that Okra is among the most early grown vegetables throughout Nigeria, the

fruit is much like for soup and the crop grow under most Nigeria climatic

condition.

Monkey (1985) stated that Okra is one of the most common vegetables
beside spinach types of vegetables. Okra stem has hairy like structure from its
surface and large alternate cordate leaves which are divided into 3-5 pointed lobes
not ched or toothed margins . It has large yellow flower and slightly cylindrical
pods up to 20 cm long when matured. The minor stem is cylindrical purple or
green colour and grows to a height of 1.5-3m range and generally have a green or
red palmsticubate or palmatipartite lamina with 3-5 segment.
In Nigeria there are several varieties of Okra both local and improved. Some
of the varieties available include NHAC 47 – 4, LD 88/1-8-26-1, LD 88/1/1-8-13-
12, U35, UM 80, Jokoso Chumson Spinelles TB 82/14/18, TB 82/1704 etc.
(Ahmadu and Gupta, 1995).

x
Okra is a vegetable in the tropics and sub-tropics used mainly in traditional

cooking especially in west Africa, the immature fruits are cut into pieces and

cooked with water to make soups. The fruits may also be preserved for later

consumption when there is shortage of produce by slicing and drying the fruits in

the sun later reduce to powder. Martins (1982) reported that the slimy fresh pod

okra are edible and rich in vitamin A and C, fruit can be dried and stored. The

edible portion of the fruits contains approximately 86.1% moisture, 9.7%

carbohydrate, 2.2% protein, 1.0% fibre, 0.2% fat, as and it is also a good source of

Vitamin A,B and C as well as nutrients notably iodine.

Okra is propagated by seed and the seed is obtain from fully matured dried pods

and okra is planting at 2-3 seed for each hole. And in a deep of 2-3cm apart and to

ground level (Akinsoye 1976).

Okra required a well drained sandy soil, addition of manure or other organic

materials is usually beneficial on light textured soils. Okra grow best in a soil with

PH of 6.5-7.5 Abrics Alphereta GA 770-663-700 fax:- okra is a tropical recurring

warm growing condition commercial production is recommended only in the

warmest portions of . Temperature should be above 55 oC for good growth.

Minimum soil temperature for germination is 60 0c and the optimum soil

temperature range is 700c-900c Mike et al (1958) stated that okra was introduced

x
to modesto carlifornia okra is found in its wild state in the nile and Egyptians were

the fruits cultivated in the first basin of the nile (12th century BC).

It was propagated through north Africa to the Mediterranean the Balkan and

India it arrived the America’s at Brazil in 1658, Dutch guinea and new or leams

before extending in the United State.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Okra Abelmochus esculentus (L) needs full range of available nutrients. It

grows well in fertile soil with high organic matter content, farmers in the study

area are mostly low in come earners and cannot afford to purchase the inorganic

fertilizer due to high cost therefore lead to low production of the crop.

1.3 Justification of the study

Considering the nutrient demand of okra high cost in organic fertilizer the

level income of the farmers in the study area and the high demand of okra, it is

imperative to find a suitable supplement to inorganic fertilizer. The fact poultry

manure increased nutrient level in the soil also improve soil drainage and water

holding capacity this make poultry manure a suitable alternative to in organic

fertilizer.

Earlier research showed that poultry manure is rich in nutrient by plants and

can be use in maintaining the fertility of the soil. Poultry manure is very much

available and cheap therefore can be purchase by farmers in the study area during

x
the rainy season and it is very cheap to get the low income farmers who

constitutes majority in the study area.

1.4 Objective of the study

The objectives of this study are:

1. To investigate the effect of poultry manure on the growth of okra.

2. To find the effect of poultry manure on the yield of okra.

1.5 Limitation of the study

The project was limited to the field work conducted in the study area. Study

was strictly to found the effect of okra (Abelmoschus esculentu)s as affected by

different rates of poultry manure and the project was carried out in the college

farm.