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Table of Contents4xigixsvdg
Table of Contents4xigixsvdg
Title page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii
Certification- - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - iv
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - v
Table of contents - - - - - - - - vi
List of tables - - - - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Background of the study - - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the problem - - - - - - - 3
1.3 Justification of the study - - - - - - - 3
1.4 Objective of the study - - - - - - - 4
1.5 Limitation of the Study - - - - - - 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - - 5
2.1 Effect of organic Fertilizer on growth of okra - - - 5
2.2 Effect of organic Fertilizer on yield of okra - - - - 7
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Material and Methods - - - - - - - 10
3.1 Experimental Site - - - - - - - - 10
3.2 Treatments and Experimental design - - - - - 10
3.3 Cultural Practices - - - - - - - - 11
3.3.1 Land Clearing/preparation - - - - - - 11
3.3.2 Planting - - - - - - - - - 11
3.3.3 Weeding - - - - - - - - - 11
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3.3.4 Fertilizer Application - - - - - - - 12
3.3.5 Harvesting - - - - - - - - 12
3.3.6 Sampling Techniques - - - - - - - 12
3.4 Data Collection - - - - - - - - 13
3.4.1 Growth Data - - - - - - - - 13
3.4.2 Plant Height (cm) - - - - - - - 13
3.4.3 Number of Leaves - - - - - - - 13
3.4.4 Yield data - - - - - - - - - 13
3.4.5 Harvested Pod yield per plant - - - - - - 13
3.4.6 Harvested Pod Yield tonne per plot - - - - 14
3.4.7 Harvested Pod Yield in Tonne Per Hectare (t/ha)- - - 14
3.4.8 Statistical Analysis of Data - - - - - - 14
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results - - - - - - - - - 15
4.1 Plant Height(cm) - - - - - - - - 15
4.2 Number of Leaves per plant - - - - - - 15
4.3 Number of Pods per Plant - - - - - - 16
4.4 Length of pods per plant (cm) - - - - - - 17
4.5 Weight of pods per plot (kg) - - - - - - 18
4.6 Weight of Pod tonne per hectare (t/ha) - - - - 18
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion - - - - - - - - - 20
5.1 Plant Height (cm) - - - - - - - - 20
5.2 Number of Leaves per Plant - - - - - 20
5.3 Number of pods per plot - - - - - - - 20
5.4 Length of Pods per Plant (cm) - - - - - 21
5.5 Weight of Pods per plot (kg) - - - - - - 21
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5.6 Weight of pod tonne per Hectare (kg) - - - - - 21
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation - - - 22
6.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - 22
6.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 22
6.3 Recommendation - - - - - - - - 23
References - - - - - - - - - 24
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: : Effect of Poultry Manure on Plant height (cm) of okra at 3,6 and 9 weeks
Table 4: Effect of poultry manure on length of pods of okra per plant at 10 and 11
(WAP) (CM). - - - -- - - - - 16
Table 5: Effect of poultry manure on weight of okra pods per plot (kg).- 17
hectare (t/ha). - - - - - - - - 18
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
mainly for its life fruits which are use as vegetables both in green and dry state.
Anyawo et al (1998) reported that, the crop has been under cultivation long ago in
stated that Okra is among the most early grown vegetables throughout Nigeria, the
fruit is much like for soup and the crop grow under most Nigeria climatic
condition.
Monkey (1985) stated that Okra is one of the most common vegetables
beside spinach types of vegetables. Okra stem has hairy like structure from its
surface and large alternate cordate leaves which are divided into 3-5 pointed lobes
not ched or toothed margins . It has large yellow flower and slightly cylindrical
pods up to 20 cm long when matured. The minor stem is cylindrical purple or
green colour and grows to a height of 1.5-3m range and generally have a green or
red palmsticubate or palmatipartite lamina with 3-5 segment.
In Nigeria there are several varieties of Okra both local and improved. Some
of the varieties available include NHAC 47 – 4, LD 88/1-8-26-1, LD 88/1/1-8-13-
12, U35, UM 80, Jokoso Chumson Spinelles TB 82/14/18, TB 82/1704 etc.
(Ahmadu and Gupta, 1995).
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Okra is a vegetable in the tropics and sub-tropics used mainly in traditional
cooking especially in west Africa, the immature fruits are cut into pieces and
cooked with water to make soups. The fruits may also be preserved for later
consumption when there is shortage of produce by slicing and drying the fruits in
the sun later reduce to powder. Martins (1982) reported that the slimy fresh pod
okra are edible and rich in vitamin A and C, fruit can be dried and stored. The
carbohydrate, 2.2% protein, 1.0% fibre, 0.2% fat, as and it is also a good source of
Okra is propagated by seed and the seed is obtain from fully matured dried pods
and okra is planting at 2-3 seed for each hole. And in a deep of 2-3cm apart and to
Okra required a well drained sandy soil, addition of manure or other organic
materials is usually beneficial on light textured soils. Okra grow best in a soil with
temperature range is 700c-900c Mike et al (1958) stated that okra was introduced
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to modesto carlifornia okra is found in its wild state in the nile and Egyptians were
the fruits cultivated in the first basin of the nile (12th century BC).
It was propagated through north Africa to the Mediterranean the Balkan and
India it arrived the America’s at Brazil in 1658, Dutch guinea and new or leams
grows well in fertile soil with high organic matter content, farmers in the study
area are mostly low in come earners and cannot afford to purchase the inorganic
fertilizer due to high cost therefore lead to low production of the crop.
Considering the nutrient demand of okra high cost in organic fertilizer the
level income of the farmers in the study area and the high demand of okra, it is
manure increased nutrient level in the soil also improve soil drainage and water
fertilizer.
Earlier research showed that poultry manure is rich in nutrient by plants and
can be use in maintaining the fertility of the soil. Poultry manure is very much
available and cheap therefore can be purchase by farmers in the study area during
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the rainy season and it is very cheap to get the low income farmers who
The project was limited to the field work conducted in the study area. Study
different rates of poultry manure and the project was carried out in the college
farm.