1. Terrorism is not only an international crime but also an organized transnational crime.

Question:

Is terrorism a transnational crime, in the aspect /view of the PNP, Enumerate the actions taken by the PNP Hierarchy
to prevent or resolve the impending rise in terrorism.

Global terrorism is now a wide and complex phenomenon which presents an enormous hazard to the world. It has
ceased being localized but instead turned into transnational crime that eludes national borders, hence becoming a
serious concern for all law enforcement agencies globally. In the Philippines, the Philippine National Police (PNP) has
recognized the transnational nature of terrorism and has taken solid steps to prevent and respond to the imminent rise
of terrorism in the country.

Firstly, it should be recognized among all parties, as well as known by everyone, that terrorist acts are international
crimes which require cooperation between governments in order for them to be combated. PNP has formed alliances
with global security bodies like Interpol and Southeast Asia Regional Centre for Counter-Terrorism to enable exchange of
information on counter-terrorism practices. Enhancing intelligence gathering capabilities is one of the major actions
undertaken by PNP towards averting terrorism growth. The administration responding accordingly established the PNP
Anti-Terrorism Task Force.

To ensure that intelligence is shared and promptly acted upon, it works closely with other law enforcement agencies like
the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency. For that case, Philippine National Police has taken measures to enhance
their operational capabilities in countering terrorist threats. A special force was also created by PNP consisting of highly-
trained operatives who are specially equipped for handling emergency situations such as terrorism attacks and others
similar to them. It also held regular training exercises and simulations to prepare its personnel with the necessary skills
and knowledge on how they can effectively respond to terrorist incidents.

The PNP recognizes that terrorism is often driven by social and economic grievances, thus addressing these underlying
concerns is important in curbing radicalization. PNP has established programs aimed at engaging with local communities
especially in areas prone to recruitment by terrorists so as to create social cohesion as well as address grievances
accordingly. Its legislative framework has also been improved by them for fighting terrorism purposes. They cooperated
extensively with legislators while making laws that would criminalize all terrorist activities together with providing
justice for known culprits of terrorism acts committed within the country’s boundaries.

The Philippine National Police have also established a reporting and tracking system for incidents related to terrorists,
which allows them to keep track of trends and patterns. In addition, they have taken measures to address the root
causes of terrorism such as poverty and social inequality. They have been working with other government agencies like
the Department of Social Welfare and Development in providing socio-economic assistance to communities susceptible
to recruitment by terrorist groups. Furthermore, programs were put in place geared towards promoting education,
employment opportunities as well as health services among others within these affected regions. By recognizing
terrorism as a transnational crime, the PNP entered into partnerships with international law enforcement agencies; it
also strengthened its intelligence gathering capacity vis-à-vis operations against said crime, engaged stakeholders at
local levels for effective information sharing and collection which is key towards countering violent extremism activities
at grassroots, revised laws related thereto among others so that they can easily arrest and prosecute those perpetuating
terrorist acts within or outside our borders, while at the same time cooperating with relevant international bodies for
repatriation.
2. Globalization, is generally described as the removal of barriers to cross national movement of goods and funds,
and it has been beneficial for transnational organized crime networks.

Question:

Are there defined areas of which Globalization can mark the advancement of Law enforcement design, aside from
being taken advantage by the lawless organization?

Explain these designs, in accordance with its application locally.

Even though the tight control of trade and money flow, a consequence of globalization and border removal, drives many
financial benefits, it's not without drawbacks. Similarly, this same procedure has created conditions favorable for the
increase and spread of criminal groups on a global level. The stronger connections between international borders and
the easier travel, exploited by lawbreakers, led to a downfall. It impacted not only global law enforcement bodies but
also numerous societies at large. Yet, this doesn't deny the globalization's potential to offer a fresh blueprint for law
enforcement. Despite the rogue activities, it can also benefit law enforcement.

A way in which the police could manage to have common practices through information and compliance with good
practice would be through. With the rise of more intricate international crime there should be collaboration between
security officers from various countries who should be able to counter this terror in a proficient way by exchanging
information about the other's legal system and operations. The challenging connections and data processing systems are
not the only concerns in the field of criminal activity besides its internationalization, but also increased communication
and cooperation between law enforcement agencies are necessary. In fact, a platform is given through the International
Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) for member states to combine data and enjoin forces to get rid of the
interconnected transnational crimes. In the Philippines, the Philippine National Police (PNP) can leverage these
international networks to access intelligence and expertise to combat local crimes, such as drug trafficking and
terrorism.

Using technology in areas where global judicial standards could be raised is usually essential. This could involve trying
out new and creative solutions. We could think about yet-to-discover technologies, or even drones and robots. They can
help people enforcing laws. Knowledge is always growing, and it could soon give us new, better technological tools.
These might help law enforcement work better. One idea could be applying data analysis and artificial intelligence to see
crime trends. This could make police work go smoother. But we should also consider the good points of data analysis
and learning systems. They can show police who the real criminals are. This knowledge can also hint at future actions,
helping law enforcement to take concrete action. Globalization has led to the emergence of new and diverse types of
crime-control policy in several parts of Europe for instance, spatial criminal law and community policing. These
approaches are based on the assumption that effort need not just be concentrated on reacting to crime but it is also
necessary to step out into society as a part of preventive policing, and work at the level of the problem in the
neighborhoods and try to the solve problems Germany should really think about learning it proficiently. It is through this
one will be able to approach those in the local area and better insight into what factors the criminal behavior.

Last but not least, globalization is a condition that promotes cooperation between the police within an individual
country and NGOs and citizens who wish to do well. Furthermore, globalization also encourages brokerages between the
international policing organizations and the private citizens and companies, Rwanda being an example. The last sentence
is not good because the original sentence is about the Philippines, not Rwanda. By working with the private sector, the
Philippine National Police can further to enhance their capacity to block cybercrime and other forms of transnational
crime.
3. In November of the year 2000 the United Nations convened to discuss supplemental to the present local
designs of countries with problems in terrorism.

Question:

Discuss the three protocols which target specific areas and manifestations of organized crimes, the protocol to
prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, particularly women and children, smuggling of migrants by land,
sea and air, illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, parts and ammunition.

In November of 2001, representatives from all over the world gathered for a meeting to figure out how to best deal with
the threats posed by international terrorists. One of the big results of this get-together was the adoption of three
protocols that specifically target different aspects of organized crime. These protocols are like extra tools to help out the
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Their goal is to tackle the complex problems of
human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and the illegal manufacturing and trafficking of firearms.

The First Protocol focuses on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, and its suppression. This was a big
step forward in fighting against this kind of illegal migration. They even called it 'The First International Convention (for)
Preventing and Suppressing Traffic in Women and Children' when it first started. It's a major move in this fight. The
protocol asks countries to make trafficking a crime, protect the victims, and give them the help they need. It also
stresses the importance of countries working together to stop this kind of crime, which is often done by organized
criminal gangs.

The second protocol, known as the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air, is all about going
after the criminal gangs that smuggle migrants. This protocol isn't just about people being illegally transported by land
and sea, but also about those involved in illegal air travel. It covers the people who move migrants across borders by sea
or road too. The protocol also understands the need to deal with the root causes of migration, like poverty, conflict, and
persecution, and to encourage cooperation between the countries where migrants come from, pass through, and go to.

The third protocol, called the Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and
Components and Ammunition, focuses on stopping the spread of illegal firearms. These guns are a big part of organized
crime and terrorism. The protocol also wants to eliminate any kind of illegal trafficking of these weapons. It tells
countries to have good controls on making, exporting, and importing firearms, and to work together to track down and
take away any illegal guns.

All three of these protocols have their own importance because they deal with different parts of organized crime. They
know that organized crime is complex and varied, so they need a comprehensive approach to fight it. By going after
human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and illegal firearms, these protocols aim to disrupt the activities of criminal
networks and protect the lives and dignity of millions of people all around the world. They target specific areas and
manifestations of organized crime, including human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and illicit firearms, and promote
international cooperation and coordination in addressing these complex issues. It targets certain sectors or aspects of
criminal activity such as human trafficking and illegal weapons trade, but also migration and asylum matters—specifically
through increased international cooperation. They recognize that organized crime is a transnational problem that
requires a collective response from governments, international organizations, and civil society. These protocols make it
possible not only for crimes committed across national borders but also for those crossing cultural barriers between
different nationalities and races.