Transnational Crime and Terrorism, Review MMCJ

1. Terrorism is not only an international crime but also an organized transnational crime.

Question:

Is terrorism a transnational crime, in the aspect /view of the PNP, Enumerate the actions taken by the
PNP Hierarchy to prevent or resolve the impending rise in terrorism.

2. Globalization, is generally described as the removal of barriers to cross national movement of

goods and funds, and it has been beneficial for transnational organized crime networks.

Question:

Are there defined areas of which Globalization can mark the advancement of Law enforcement design,
aside from being taken advantage by the lawless organization?

Explain these designs, in accordance with its application locally.

3. In November of the year 2000 the United Nations convened to discuss supplementals to the
present local designs of countries with problems in terrorism.

Question:

Discuss the three protocols which target specific areas and manifestations of organized crimes, the
protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, particularly women and children,
smuggling of migrants by land, sea and air, illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, parts and
ammunition.

Answer 1.

The Philippine National Police considers terrorism to be a cross-border criminal activity because it has
worldwide repercussions. This point of view has been adopted by the world’s nations who consider
terrorist acts as flagrant violations of human rights and as threats against world civilization. As an act
committed on an international scale, it's up to all the lawful authorities in question to take steps against
this kind of activity through prevention or repression.

In view of threatened terrorism in the Philippines islands, from the P . Firstly, PN P has been
strengthening their intelligence data collection efforts so as to constantly keep tabs on all potential
terrorist networks. This involves collaborating with other law enforcement agencies, both locally and
internationally, to share intelligence and best practices in counter-terrorism. The Philippine National
Police has created its own Counter Terrorism Group or CTG under the national command center in Camp
Crame.

To stop the spread of these ‘terrorist’ ideas throughout society, the Philippines National Police have
initiated various programmes in the communities in an attempt to promote pacifism, tolerance between
various religions and cultures. These programs, such as the "Kapayaan" program, seek to address the
root causes of radicalization, including poverty, inequality, and social marginalization. By engaging with
local communities and promoting dialogue, the PNP aims to prevent the recruitment of vulnerable
individuals by terrorist groups.

The Pretorium Noire began to take measures for defending themselves against terrorist outrages. This
regulation also included special military training on how to deal with terrorists as well as armament
programs containing both technical equipment and weaponry. The PNP has also established a crisis
management system, which enables it to respond quickly and effectively to terrorist attacks.

Furthermore, the PNP has strengthened its collaboration with other government agencies, such as the
National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) and the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), to
ensure a whole-of-government approach to counter-terrorism. Moreover, the Philippine national police
have bolstered their ties with various sectors of the state apparatus, including the National Intelligence
Coordination Agency or Nica on one hand, and the armed forces of the philippines on the other.

The Philippine National Police itself took steps designed to keep Filipino territory from becoming just
another way station on the route to terrorism. This includes strengthening border control and
immigration procedures, as well as conducting regular security checks on airports, seaports, and other
critical infrastructure. In addition, it works closely with its counterparts in Asean countries, and keeps
close tabs on terrorism-related activities within these jurisdictions.

The PNB has taken measures against this new form of terrorism by recognising the function played by
social networks and cyberspace as platforms for spreading ideas. This includes monitoring online
activities and working with internet service providers to remove terrorist content and propaganda from
the internet.

Finally, the PNP has acknowledged the importance of addressing the root causes of terrorism, including
poverty, inequality, and social injustice. These matters relate in particular to major problems such as
generalised poverty (the claim that there isn’t enough food for everyone), undernourishment, high
levels of unemployment, famine, unjust distribution of wealth, the feeling of being without rights or
without influence on public affairs, ignorance, abuse of women and children, deviance amongst young
people, inadequate medical services etc. By addressing these underlying factors, the PNP seeks to
prevent the spread of terrorism and promote sustainable peace and security in the Philippines.

In conclusion, the PNP views terrorism as a transnational crime that requires a comprehensive and
multi-faceted approach to prevent and combat. By means of investigation, intelligence, anti-terrorism
campaign, civic action program, development projects for communities affected by conflicts,
interagency coordination, de-radicalization interventions aimed at addressing the political grievances
which serve as basis for terrorism, among others, it commits itself to prevent and resolve the anticipated
rise of terrorist movements in the Philippines.

2.

The globalisation or the abolition of borders for international trade in products and capital certainly
brings many economic advantages - but it also creates disadvantages. But this process at the same time
gave rise to conditions favourable to the development and spread of criminal organisations on an
international scale. These criminal organizations have taken advantage of the increased connectivity and
ease of movement across borders to expand their illegal activities, posing significant challenges to law
enforcement agencies worldwide. Despite this, globalization can also mark the advancement of law
enforcement design, aside from being taken advantage of by lawless organizations. This essay will
explore defined areas where globalization can contribute to the improvement of law enforcement
design, with a focus on local applications in the Philippines.

One possibility for globalized police activity would be cooperation in exchanging information and good
policing practice. With more complex international crime now developing there must be collaboration
between various countries’ authorities if they want to tackle this threat properly by exchange of
information about each other’s legal systems as well as sharing experience. As criminal activity becomes
ever more sophisticated internationally, it will require closer communication between judicial
institutions if we’re going to respond adequately to these challenges with new measures. For instance,
the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) provides a platform for member countries to
share information and coordinate efforts to combat transnational crimes. In the Philippines, the
Philippine National Police (PNP) can leverage these international networks to access intelligence and
expertise to combat local crimes, such as drug trafficking and terrorism.

Another region in which judicial policy may be improved by means of globalisation consists in the
introduction into it, as soon as possible, of technological and innovative elements. The fast progress of
knowledge also renders more feasible every day the possibility of using technical equipment available
through law enforcement agencies. For example, the use of data analytics and artificial intelligence can
help law enforcement agencies to identify patterns and trends in criminal activity, enabling them to
respond more effectively. Another good thing about it would be for instance using big data analysis and
learning systems so that police organizations will have knowledge on how criminals act based upon
which they’ll be able to do something.
Globalisation has made it possible for many countries in Europe to develop innovative forms of crime-
control policy things like neighbourhood-orientated police work or situational criminal justice. These
approaches start from the assumption that one should not just respond to crimes but go out into society
as part of preventive policing, get involved at grassroots level, try to solve problems there something
Germany could learn very well indeed. In this way it will be possible for them to reach out to the people
in their area and better understand what drives criminal behavior.

Furthermore, globalisation offers increased possibilities to security organisations worldwide when it

comes to working in tandem internationally or building up their capacities. The UN office on drugs and
crime trained members of Philippine police forces among others both to identify suspicious transports
containing contraband as well as ways of intercepting these. The assistance provided by UNODC for
building up this capability enhances the skill and efficiency of institutions, which would enable them
better to fight against international crime.

And globalisation has enabled us to introduce into this outlawed universe new regulations. The United
Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) provides a framework for countries
to cooperate in the prevention and suppression of transnational organized crime. In the Philippines, the
government can ratify and implement this convention to strengthen its legal framework for combating
transnational crimes.

Finally globalization also opens up opportunities for cooperation between the police in individual states
and those citizens or companies seeking to do something good. In addition, globalization makes
cooperation possible among various international policing organizations as well as private citizens and
companies. In the Philippines, the PNP can partner with private sector organizations to improve their
capacity to combat cybercrime and other forms of transnational crime.

In conclusion, while globalization has created opportunities for transnational organized crime networks
to thrive, it has also created opportunities for law enforcement agencies to improve their design and
effectiveness. By seizing on global networks, being innovative through technology and other initiatives,
working abroad new ways of policing, cooperating internationally from New Zealand Capacity Building,
Developing Legal Regulations and Policies as well as Cooperation between Government and Private
Sector Law Enforcement Agencies in Philippines can better confront Transnational Crime and Public
Safety.
 4. In November AD 2001, representatives from all over the world got together for another meeting
on how best to deal with threats posed by international terrorists. One of the significant
outcomes of this convention was the adoption of three protocols that specifically target various
aspects of organized crimes. These protocols, which are supplementary to the United Nations
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, aim to address the complex issues of human
trafficking, migrant smuggling, and illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms.

The First Protocol, specifically concerning trafficking in persons, especially women and children and its
suppression, marked an important step forward for combating this type of illegal migration. It may be
termed from its inception ‘The First International Convention (for) Preventing and Suppressing Traffic in
Women and Children’, and constitutes a major step forward in this fight. It calls upon states to
criminalize trafficking, protect victims, and provide them with assistance and support. Additionally, the
protocol emphasizes the need for international cooperation to tackle this transnational crime, which is
often perpetrated by organized criminal networks.

The second protocol, the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, targets the
criminal networks involved in the smuggling of migrants. In fact this second protocol deals not only with
those engaged in transporting people illegally over land and sea but also those operating air traffic. This
supplementary Protocol concerns as well those involved in moving irregular migrants across borders by
sea or road. The protocol also recognizes the need to address the root causes of migration, such as
poverty, conflict, and persecution, and to promote cooperation between countries of origin, transit, and
destination.

The third protocol, the Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their
Parts and Components and Ammunition, addresses the proliferation of illicit firearms, which is a major
contributor to organized crime and terrorism. It also concerns itself with the elimination of all types of
illicit traffic in such weapons. It calls upon states to establish effective controls over the production,
export, and import of firearms, and to cooperate in tracing and confiscating illicit firearms.

All these three pieces have their meaning insofar as they deal partially or entirely with this section or
other sections of organized crime. They recognize the complexity and diversity of organized crime and
the need for a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to combat it. By addressing human trafficking,
migrant smuggling, and illicit firearms, these protocols aim to disrupt the operations of criminal
networks and protect the lives and dignity of millions of people around the world.

Furthermore, these protocols are important because they promote international cooperation and
coordination in the fight against organized crime. They recognize that organized crime is a transnational
problem that requires a collective response from governments, international organizations, and civil
society. These protocols make it possible not only for crimes committed across national borders but also
for those crossing cultural barriers between different nationalities and races.

In conclusion, the three protocols adopted by the United Nations in 2000 are a significant step forward
in the fight against organized crime. They target specific areas and manifestations of organized crime,
including human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and illicit firearms, and promote international
cooperation and coordination in addressing these complex issues. It targets certain sectors or aspects of
criminal activity such as human trafficking and illegal weapons trade, but also migration and asylum
matters—specifically through increased international cooperation.