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Performance Characteristics of Hypersonic External Compression Inlet Using Isentropic Compression Surface (선배 논문)
Performance Characteristics of Hypersonic External Compression Inlet Using Isentropic Compression Surface (선배 논문)
ABSTRACT
Most air-breathing aircraft operated in the hypersonic region are equipped with a scramjet
engine. In a scramjet engine, a shock wave generated at an inlet acts as a compressor for a
general gas turbine engine instead, so total pressure loss caused by the shock wave is
considered very important. In this study, to minimize total pressure loss, a method of designing
an external compression inlet using isentropic compression surface was proposed, and an
external compression inlet with 3-deflection angles and Busemann inlet were designed under the
same conditions. After that, through computational analysis, the performance characteristics at
off-design conditions were compared. Each inlet shape was truncated according to the length of
the 3-ramp external compression inlet, and the boundary layer correction was performed. The
isentropic external compression inlet showed superior performance at the design point, but
under the off-design conditions, its performance was degraded compared to the 3-ramp external
compression inlet.
초 록
(1)
2.2 전산해석 조건 및 성능 변수
2.2.1 전산해석 기법
전산해석은 밀도 기반 압축성 솔버를 이용하여 정
상 상태의 RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes
equation) 해석을 수행하였다. 비점성 플럭스 계산은
ASUM+ FVS를 이용하고 3차 정확도를 유지하며
MUSCL 기법을 적용하였다. 비점성 조건으로 설계된
형상의 검증에는 2차원 축대칭 해석을 이용하였으며
이외에는 비설계점 조건에서의 성능 분석을 위해 3
차원 해석을 수행하였다. 난류 모델로는 k-w SST 모
델을 적용하였으며 작동 유체는 이상 기체로 설정하
였다.
2차원 및 3차원 격자 형상을 Figs. 6, 7에 나타냈
다. 3차원 해석의 경우 계산의 효율성을 고려하여 대
칭 조건을 적용한 형상의 절반만을 해석하였다. 격자
의 크기는 격자 의존성을 분석하여 결정하였다. Fig. Fig. 8. Static Pressure of the Spike Wall
8은 설계점 조건에서 수행한 전산해석 결과로, 격자 by Mesh Size (Viscous)
크기에 따른 spike 벽면의 static pressure를 자유류
에서는 2mm 격자의 경우 다른 격자 크기에 비해 진
압력으로 나눠준 값을 나타내었다. 충격파 이전의 비
동이 크게 발생하였다. 따라서 계산의 효율성을 고려
점성 영역은 동일한 격자 크기를 유지하고, 충격파
해 격자의 크기는 1mm로 설정하였으며, 전체 격자
이후 조밀한 영역의 격자에 대해 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm
수는 외부 압축형 흡입구는 280만 개, 내부 압축형 흡
크기의 격자를 비교하였다. 모든 크기의 격자에 대해
입구는 80만 개로 구성되었다. 첫 번째 벽면 격자의
압축면에서는 유사한 값을 나타내었으나 cowl 근처
크기는 y+=~1을 만족하도록 계산하여 적용하였다.
유동의 조건은 비행 마하수 7.0, 고도 20km를 기준
으로 설정하였으며, 유동 유입면의 경우 자유류 조건
을, 출구면에서는 모든 변수에 대해 외삽 조건을 적
용하였다.
2.2.2 성능 변수
흡입구의 성능 비교는 출구에서의 전압력 회복률
(Total Pressure Recovery, TPR)과 유입 유동 균일도
(Distortion Parameter)를 비교하여 수행하였다. 전압
력 회복률(2)은 자유류의 전압력 대비 출구에서의 전
Fig. 6. Busemann Inlet Computational Domain :
압력의 비를 나타내며, 유입 유동 균일도(3)는 평균
(a) 2-Dimensional, (b) Surface Grid for
동압력에 대한 편차의 크기를 의미한다. 전압력 회복
3-Dimensional
률은 100%에 가까울수록, 유입 유동 균일도의 경우
0에 가까울수록 높은 성능을 나타낸다. 각 요소는 출
구면의 면적 평균값으로 계산하였다.
× (2)
(3)
2.3 전산해석 결과
Fig. 7. Isentropic Model Computational Domain :
(a) 2-Dimensional, (b) Surface Grid for 2.3.1 설계점 성능 특성
3-Dimensional 비점성 설계 기법에 대한 검증을 위해 설계점
302 김영진․이형진 한국항공우주학회지
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