To help protect y our priv acy , PowerPoint has block ed automatic download of this picture.

Piston Pump Basics

Pressure Drop
Pump Priming and Troubleshooting
Course Topics
Part 1 - Theory
• Pump Ratio and Pump Output Pressure.
• Factors resulting in pressure loss in systems.
• The relationship between flow and pressure.
• Pump Performance Charts
Part 2 – Operation
• Piston Pump Lower types and operation:
– Displacement Piston Pump (ball check)
– Displacement Piston Pump (priming piston)
Part 3 – Priming & Cavitation
Part 4 – Troubleshooting
 Part 1 - Pump Ratio

• Pump Ratio Motor piston

effective area
– determined by
comparing the motor
piston effective area to
the fluid pump piston
effective area

Fluid piston
effective area
 Part 1 - Ratio and Outlet Fluid Pressure

2 sq. in. 5 sq. in.

• Multiplying the (12.9 cm 2 ) (32.25 cm 2 )

ratio times air

inlet pressure
equals outlet fluid
1 x 1 Ratio 5 x 1 Ratio
pressure 100 PSI (7 Bar) Air = 100 PSI (7 Bar) Air =
100 PSI (7 Bar) Fluid 500 PSI (35 Bar) Fluid

2 sq. in. 1 sq. in.

(12.9 cm 2 ) (6.45 cm 2 )

5
Part 1 - Factors Resulting in Pressure Loss

Grease do not follow this rule because it is not a fluid !

 Part 1 - Spreadsheet Example
Example: What is the pressure drop if you pump 1 gpm
of 100cp material, 100ft. in a system using ¼”
schedule 40 pipe?

Pressure Loss Calculator for September 2012.xls

Part 1 - Factors Resulting in Pressure Loss
Example:
Part 1 - Pump Cycle & Speed
Three factors contribute to the material
flow rate:
1. Stroke length, determined by the
motor
2. The pump bore
3. The pump cycle rate

Motors are rated at 60 cycles per

minute, continuous duty. They can
run faster intermittently.

• For maximum life we recommend 20

cycles per minute for continuous
operation.
 Part 1 - Pump Cycle & Speed
What happens to the
material flow rate when
the motor changes but the
lowers and the cycle rate
remain the same?
Will it ?
1.Decrease
2.Increase
3.Remain the same

Answer: 3. Remain the same

Part 1 - Pump Performance Charts
Part 2 – Pump Types and Operation

High
Oil Viscosity grease
transfer &
dispense Oil transfer &
oil evacuation

Air Operated
Double
Displacement
Displacement Diaphragm
Piston Pump
Piston Pump
(ball check)
(priming piston)
Part 2 - Displacement Piston Pump Op
Ball Check Design – 1st Upstroke

14.7 PSIA
1 BAR Must create
seal

10 PSIA
.66 BAR
P= 4.7PSI
.34 BAR

04538
Part 2 - Displacement Piston Pump Op
Ball Check Design -- Downstroke

1/2 OUT

1/2 STAYS IN

Must create seal

04539
Part 2 - Displacement Piston Pump Op
Ball Check Design – 2nd Upstroke

TSL

2nd
1/2 OUT

Must create seal

Refills with
material

04538
Part 2 - Displacement Piston Pump
Ball Check Design
Part 2 - Displacement Piston Pump
Priming Piston Design -- Upstroke & Downstroke
Part 2 - Displacement Piston Pump
Priming Piston Operation
Part 2 – Checkmate Animation
Part 3 - Pump Priming and Cavitation

Factors effecting cavitation

• Viscosity of fluid
• Diameter of suction line
• Restrictions in line
Part 3 – Pump Priming - Viscous Fluids

20
Part 3 – Pump Priming - Flowable Fluids
Part 3 – Pump Priming - Viscous Fluids
Part 4 – Troubleshooting – Piston Pumps

Test by blocking outlet and applying air

System should stall for 2-3 minutes. If pump cycles then
bypass is occurring and the pump needs to be repaired..
Fluid Flow
• Check balls must seat, check for wear.
• If fluid leaking via breather or into air section check pump
throat seals.
• If pump appears to ‘dive’ check inlet check for blockages.
 Part 5 – Testing a Pump

If the pump strokes then the

material is bypassing the seals
and a kit is required. Or if a kit
has been installed then the
cylinder would be the issue.

24