Important Questions

Grade 10
Mathematics
Exam Important Questions
Introduction to Trigonometry
Topic : Exam Important Questions
1.
In a ΔABC, right angled at B, AB=24 cm, BC=7 cm. Determine
(i) sin A, cos A
(ii) sin C, cos C

[3 Marks]
In ΔABC, Using Pythagoras theorem, we have

2 2 2
AC = AB + BC
2 2
= (24 cm) + (7 cm)
2 2
= 576 cm + 49 cm
2
= 625 cm
So, AC = 25 cm (1 mark)
Now,
7
(i) sin A =
BC
AC
=
25
(0.5 mark)
(0.5 mark)
AB 24
cos A = =
AC 25
(0.5 mark)
AB 24
(ii) sin C = =
AC 25
(0.5 mark)
BC 7
cos C = =
AC 25
55
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd. Exam Important Questions
2. 2
1−cos θ
If cot θ = ,show that [2 Marks]
1 3
=
2 5
√3 2−sin θ
Cot x =
1
√3
x = 60 degrees
cos (x) = cos 60 =

1
√3
sin x = sin 60 = 2
(1 mark)
1 - cos² x = 1 - =
1 3
4 4
2 - sin²x = 2 - =
3 5
4 4
2
1−cos θ
(1 mark)
3
=
2 5
2−sin θ
56
3. From the figure, determine the value of sin 2

θ + cos 2
θ
[3 Marks]
[Trigonometric Ratios]
Solution:
Given, AB = 29 units and BC = 21 units
By pythagoras theorem,
2 2 2
AB = AC + BC
2 2 2
29 = AC + 21
2 2 2
29 = AC + 21
2
841 = AC + 441
2
841 − 441 = AC
2
400 = AC
AC = 20 units
[1 Mark]
Now, sin θ = AC 20
=
AB 29
.......(i)
20
2 2
sin θ = ( )
29
BC 21
cos θ = =
AB 29
......(ii)
21
2 2
cos θ = ( )
29
[1 Mark]
(i) + (ii)
2 2
20 +21 400+441
1
841
2 2
sin θ + cos θ= = = =
2 841 841
29
2
∴ sin θ + cos θ
2
=1
[1 Mark]
57
4. 3 sin A−4 sin

3
A 3 tan A−tan
3
A
If sec A = , verify that
5
=
4 3 2
4 cos A−3 cos A 1−3 tan A
[3 Marks]
58
We have,sec A = 5
[ ]
4 Base
⇒ cosA =
5 H ypotenuse
By pythagoras theorem,
2 2 2
(P erpendicular) = (H ypotenuse) − (Base)
⇒Perpendicular = √25 − 16
⇒Perpendicular = 3
P erpendicular
Then, sin A =
3
=
H ypotenuse 5
tan A =
P erpendicular 3
=
Base 4
(1 mark)
Now, we will prove that

3 3
3 sin A−4 sin A 3 tan A−tan A
=
3 2
4 cos A−3 cos A 1−3 tan A
3
3 sin A−4 sin A
LHS = 3
4 cos A−3 cos A
3 3 3
3× −4( )
5 5
=
4 4
3
4( ) −3×
5 5
9 108
−
5 125
256 12
−
125 5
225−108
125
=
256−300
125
117 125
= ×
125 −44
117
=
−44
(1 mark)
3
3 tan A−tan A
RHS = 2
1−3 tan A
3 3 3
3× −( )
4 4
=
3
2
1−3( )
4
9 27
−
4 64
=
27
1−
16
117
64
=
−11
59
16
−117
=
Copyright © Think and Learn Pvt. Ltd.
44 Exam Important Questions
∴ LH S = RH S
(1 mark)
5. Evaluate the following:

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
sin60 cos30 + sin30 cos60
[2 Marks]
[Trigonometric Ratios of Specific Angles]
Solution:
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
sin60 cos30 + sin30 cos60
√3 √3 1 1
= ( × ) + ( × )
2 2 2 2
[1 mark]
3 1
= +
4 4
4
= = 1
4
[1 mark]
60
6.
Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate:
∘ ∘
(i)cos 48 − sin 42
∘ ∘
(ii)cosec 31 − sec 59
∘ ∘
(iii)cot 34 − tan 56
2 ∘ 2 ∘
(iv)cos 13 − sin 77
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(i)cos 48 − sin 42 = cos(90 − 42 ) − sin 42
∘ ∘
= sin 42 − sin 42 = 0
[∵ cos(90
∘
− θ) = sin θ] (1 mark)
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(ii)cosec 31 − sec 59 = cosec(90 − 59 ) − sec 59
∘ ∘
= sec 59 − sec 59 = 0
[∵ cosec(90
∘
− θ) = sec θ] (1 mark)
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(iii)cot 34 − tan 56 = cot(90 − 56 ) − tan 56
∘ ∘
= tan 56 − tan 56 = 0
[∵ cot(90
∘
− θ) = tan θ] (1 mark)
2 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘ ∘ 2 ∘
(iv)cos 13 − sin 77 = cos (90 − 77 ) − sin 77
2 ∘ 2 ∘
= sin 77 − sin 77 = 0
[∵ cos(90
∘
− θ) = sin θ] (1 mark)
61
7. In a ∆ABC, right-angled at C, if tan⁡A= , then find the value of (sin⁡A)(sin⁡B) +

1
√3
(cos⁡A)(cos⁡B).
[3 Marks]
[Trigonometric Ratios of Specific Angles]
Solution:
Step 1:
First we need to determine the values of angles A and B and
determine the value of their sine and cosine.
We are given that tan A = and tan θ is for θ = 30º. Therefore,
1 1
√3 √3
∠A = 30º
Also by angle sum property of a triangle,
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180º
[1 Mark]
Substituting ∠A = 30º and ∠C = 90º, We get ∠B = 60º
Now, therefore,
Sin A = sin 30º = 1
√3
Sin B = sin 60º = 2
√3
Cos A = Cos 30º = 2
Cos B = Cos 60º =

1
[1 Mark]
Step 2:
For the final step, we need to substitute the corresponding values in
the given expression.
The given expression is sinA sinB + cosA cosB.
On substituting the respective values, we get

√3 √3
=
1 1
× + ×
2 2 2 2
2√3
= 4
√3
= 2
[1 Mark]
62
8. If tan2A = cot(A − 18 ), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

∘
[2 marks]
∘
tan2A = cot(A − 18 )
∘ ∘
⇒ cot(90 − 2A) = cot(A − 18 )
(As tan A = cot (90 - A)) ∘
[1 mark]
Equating angles,
∘ ∘
⇒ 90 − 2A = A − 18
∘
⇒ 108 = 3A
∘
⇒ A = 36
[1 mark]
63
9. The length of a string between a kite and a point on the ground is 90 m. If the
string makes an angle θ with the ground level such that tan θ = 15/8, how high
will the kite be?
[3 Marks]
64
Here AB represents the height of the balloon from the ground. In the right
triangle ABC the side which is opposite to angle θ is known as the
opposite side (AB), the side which is opposite to 90° is called the
hypotenuse side (AC) and the remaining side is called the adjacent side
(BC).
Now we need to find the length of the side AB.
tan θ =
15
cot θ =
8
15
(1 Mark)
csec θ = √1 + cot 2
θ
csec θ = √(1 + )
64
225
(225+64)
csec θ = √ 225
csec θ = √
289
225
csc θ =
17
15
sin θ =
15
17
(1 Mark)
opposite side
But, sin θ = hypotenuse side
= .
AB
AC
AB 15
=
AC 17
AB 15
=
90 17
AB = 79.41
So, the height of the tower is 79.41 m.
(1 Mark)
65
10.
A kite is flying at a height of 65 m attached to a string. If the inclination of the

string with the ground is 31°, find the length of the string if cos 59° = 0.5150.
(3 Marks)
66
Here AB represents the height of the kite. In the right triangle ABC the
side which is opposite to angle 31° is known as the opposite side (AB),
the side which is opposite to 90° is called the hypotenuse (AC) and the
remaining side is called the adjacent side (BC).
Now we need to find the length of the string AC.
sinθ = opposite side/hypotenuse side
We know that sin θ=cos(90° − θ )
Given cos 59° = 0.5150
(1 Mark)
∴ Cos 59° = cos(90° − 31 ∘

)
sin 31° = AB
AC
0.5150 =
65
AC
(1 Mark)
AC =
65
0.5150
AC = 126.2 m
Hence, the length of the string is 126.2 m.
(1 Mark)
11. Evaluate :
∘ ∘
cosec 31 − sec 59
[2 marks]
∘ ∘
cosec 31 − sec 59
∘ ∘ ∘
= cosec (90 − 59 ) − sec 59
∘ ∘
= sec 59 − sec 59 = 0
(As cosec (90 - A) = sec A)∘
[2 marks]
67
12. If 2 sin 2
θ − cos
2
θ = 2 , then find the value of θ.
[2 marks]
Given, 2 sin
2
θ − cos
2
θ = 2
2 2
⇒ 2 sin θ − (1 − sin θ) = 2
2 2
[∵ sin θ + cos θ = 1]
2 2
⇒ 2 sin θ + sin θ − 1 = 2
[1 mark]
2
⇒ 3 sin θ = 3
2
⇒ sin θ = 1
∘
[∵ sin 90 = 1]
∘
⇒ sin θ = 1 = sin 90
∘
⇒ θ = 90
[1 mark]
68

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Grade 10

Topic : Exam Important Questions

(i) sin A, cos A

(ii) sin C, cos C

In ΔABC, Using Pythagoras theorem, we have

cos (x) = cos 60 =

3. From the figure, determine the value of sin 2

Given, AB = 29 units and BC = 21 units

4. 3 sin A−4 sin

Now, we will prove that

5. Evaluate the following:

7. In a ∆ABC, right-angled at C, if tan⁡A= , then find the value of (sin⁡A)(sin⁡B) +

Cos B = Cos 60º =

On substituting the respective values, we get

8. If tan2A = cot(A − 18 ), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

(As tan A = cot (90 - A)) ∘

Now we need to find the length of the side AB.

So, the height of the tower is 79.41 m.

A kite is flying at a height of 65 m attached to a string. If the inclination of the

Now we need to find the length of the string AC.

sinθ = opposite side/hypotenuse side

We know that sin θ=cos(90° − θ )

Given cos 59° = 0.5150

∴ Cos 59° = cos(90° − 31 ∘

Hence, the length of the string is 126.2 m.

(As cosec (90 - A) = sec A)∘

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