N G Q N NGiJ" - VAN HOC - VAN H 6 A

Cfing nghiep van hoa * Nhat Ban va Han Qu6c

Pli»m Hong Thai'
NgoySiThlTham"
HJ Thi Lan P h i " "

n*^ng,^flngin^^,„^^^^,^,„^^,^_^ i J ^ ™ ^

•n U f a : Nhjt Ban; Hta Qu6c; Vipt Nam; cdng nghipp vin Ma.

hda d Nh^ Bta vh Hta Qnic, bii viit dua

. K h i x u i hipn v4o nhiSng nam 1930, khai ra mdt so him y chfnh sich phat triin cdng
•u|ni cdng nghifti van hda gap khdng ft S nghipp vta hda Vipt Nam trong tuong lai.
ta&iphan bic. Nhiing ngirdi phan bic cho
2. Cong n g h i ^ Tfa hda vdi tfah cich
f5ng cdng nghiap van hda la ni0t t h i tieu
nganh klnliti
qre, chi la c4i vd bpc ciia nhh may san x u i
CSo sia phim , * i hda dupc san xuit htag Cdng nghipp vta hda li l o ^ hinh cdng
lo?t, Tuy nhita, ttong thvrc t^ vdi sir din dSt nghipp die bipt, dupc phit triin manh raS d
cto th! tnidng vh Ipi nhuan, cdng nghipp Nhit Ban vi Hta Qnic tir nhihig thap nidn
* hda vln cd budc di ddc lap. Dac bipt, cudi the ky XX. Sta phim ciia nginh cdng
iWinhihig thjp nidn cu6i the ky XX vi diu nghipp niy la kit qua ciia sir kit tinh giOa
M t y X H , cdng n g h i ^ vSn hda dil djt cdng nghp cao v i stag t»o vm hda. Nhd
•*«ng kat qu4 diy in tupng khdng chi d ling dvng nhung thtah tyn ciia khoa hpc ky
phmmg d i ^ kinh t^ mh cdn d mat vta hda,
thuit va cdng nghp thdng tin nen cic sta
•losi giao... Chfnh v> vfy, dijn mao cila
phtai vta hda ngiy nay d Hin Qudc vi
cdflg n ^ i ^ vta hda Cling nhu vi trf, vai tid
Nhjt Bta dang dupc sta xuit vdi sd lupng
( * nd ngiy mpt dupc nhta thuc sta sJc,
"iMt 14 * phuong diln tfch cvc ciia nd. Tii
chd bi coi U s\i "ddi lira cdng chdng" nay
nd thtai chf dupc coi li trtn chijn'cudi
OT. 0989768589. Email hongltaiegmail.com NghiSn
cing vh cflng \h yiu td quySt djnh qudc gia a™ nay d ^ a fm boi Q„J Pha ria, Khoa h T v i
Stah chiin thtag trong thi kJ XXI. Tren & n | ngh? Quoc g a (Nafoaed) rag dS tii n a si VI .2-
OJ sd phta tfch vai trd cda cdng nghipp vta '^mi sl Vifn NghiSn ahi Dang Bjc A.
mac si; VSn Nghien cuu Dong Bic A.

49
Tap chl Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, so 8( 105) - 2016
Icm va ngay cang da dang. Mot mat, no tao
nen nhung gia tri van hoa moi, Iam cho doi
song tinh than ciia nguai dan ngay cang
phong phli; mat khac no hinh thanh nen mpt
thi tnrcmg tieu thu rpng Idn vdi tal ca nhiing
phucmg thuc quan ly, kinh doanh... cua
mpt ITnh vuc cong nghiep.
Ve ban chat, cong nghiep van hda la linh
vuc cong nghiep, van hanh theo nguyen tac
san xuat cong nghiep, trong dd nhan manh
den viec san xuat theo nhu cau thi trucmg.
Nd bao gom cac nganh lien quan den dcri
song sinh hoat va giai tri ciia con ngucri
nhu: an (do an, do uong va cac dung cu
phyc vu cho sinh hoat an uong), a (kien tnic
hien dai), mac (thoi trang, thiet kk thai
trang), cong nghiep npi dung so (dien anh,
ca nhac, truy?n tranh, phim hoat hlnh, nghe
thuat bieu dien, game, show truyen hlnh,
phan mem giai trf...), du lich, quang cao,
my thuat do co va thu cong my nghe, in an
xuat ban..,
d Han Quoc vk Nhat Ban hien nay, khi
ndi den cong nghiap van hda, nguoi ta dac
bi?t quan tam tdi ITnh v\rc cong nghiep npi
dung so, tue la qua trinh san xual, luu thong
cac san pham van hda dua vao nhung thanh
tuu ciia cong nghe lhdng tin ky ihuat s6.
Tren ih\rc lk, trong cac chfnh sach cdng
nghiep vSn hda dupc Ihuc hien d Han Qudc
vk Nhat Ban, ngucri la dat irpng lam diu tu
vao cong nghiep npi dung sd.
Vdi tu each la mdt ITnh vuc cong nghiep,
trong cdng nghiep van hda, lai feh kinh te
dupc quan tam hang d5u. Vi tha trpng tam
ciia cong nghiep van hda la "san xuSt cac
san pham van hda ddt hang", Duong nhien.
50
de kiem duac nhieu Ipi nhuan thi cac san
pham van hda phai cd sue thu hiit va loi
cuon khach hang vk khdng phai san pham
van hda nko cung la ddi tuong ciia chi'nh
saeh edng nghiep van hda.
Cdng nghiep van hda cua Nhat Ban va
Han Quoc cdn gan vdi mpt yeu to quan
trpng khac la yeu to quoe te. Cu the ]k, san
xual cac mat hang van hda ban chay mang
iai lpi nhuan cao nhtmg khdng ehi de tieu
thu trong nudc ma edn de xuat kh3u ra
nudc ngo&i, nSng eao gia tri ciia ban than
san pham van hda dd va cac dang san pham
khac, nSng eao sue eanh tranh qudc gia tren
thi Irudng the gidi. Cho nen, gdc dp ti6p
can chi'nh sach cdng nghiep van hda la gdc
dp "sieu qude gia".
Cong nghipp van hda tir lau da trd th&nh
mdt trong nhiing ITnh v\rc kinh te quan
trpng, ddng gdp nguon thu nhap Idn cho
Idng san pham trong nudc (GDP) ciia Nhat
Ban va Han Qude.
Tai Nhat Ban, theo thong ke ctia Bp
Kinh le va Cdng nghiep nam 2004, doanh
thu cua ngSnh cong nghipp nay chiem
khoang 7% doanh thu nen kinh le vk thu
hlil 5% nhan cdng lao dpng tren loan quoc
[4]. Nam 2013, nSu chi tfnh rieng Ihj
trudng npi dja eiia nganh cdng nghi?p npi
dung sd da dat khoang 12 nghin ty y6n.
XuSl khiu nSm 2013 ciia ngSnh nky d?t
550 ty USD. Vdi muc lieu md rpng thj
Irudng tai khu vuc Chau A, Chfnh phu
Nhat Ban ky vpng se dat 75,8 ty USD vao
nam 2020 [11]. Tuy nhien, ngoai nhiing
hi?u qua kinh te Iruc tiep nhu da neu thi
hieu qua kinh le gian tiep ma nganh cong
nghiep nay mang lai cung rat Idn. Vi dy
 BiSmBongThffl.WgnyaiThi-ni8ni.H9ThiLanPhi
I ™i^ M^ii qnS t ^ ti%) cto n ^ cdilg 2007), du bfc se ttag Mn hon 500.000
I ^fp 11$ dung siinMn 2811 " ^ ttomg ngudi (ntai 2020). Theo cdng bi cna Bo
, If &g)dn t^ y ^ nhung hidn qua gita ti% Kinb te vi Cdng nghi^ ntai 2013, thl sd
|fe n ^ niy dat 22,2 ngHln^ yjn (trong nhta cdng Iao dpng cua 4 nganh qutag cta,
# , tl4 tirttdng thdng tin dp 13,41^ ygn; thi npi dung sd, du lich vi dich vu ta uing
WjW qutag cao t,9 D^iin ty yto; thj
khotag 5.900.000 ngudi vupt qna si nhta
b#ngbayai thdng % S ngMn tyySn; thi
cdng lao d^ng ciia nginh cdng nghiSp d td
l ^ n ^ kinh doanh lien quan din hinh anh
(nganh cdng nghiSp d td li 5.450.000
B ^ vltdst I , 9 n ^ n ty yftij [10].
ngudi) [10]. Khdng chi vjy, cdng nghi$p
m^ " ^ ^X" ^ 2<"4. ting kim ngsch van bda cdn gita tiep tao ra viec lim thdng
^ ritog nginh cdng nghi^ ndi dung sd qua su phit triin dong hinh vdi ngtah cdng
(f^ ,5,4* tli 133 ngUn ty ydn Icn 14 nghiep khic trong qui tnnh sta xuit sta
p ^ tJ yto. niim 2015 cd giam sdt nhung phim vta hda. Bto canh dd, cdng nghi?p
™ djt khotag hon 12 nghin ti yto. Chi vta bda cdn hS trp phit triin kmh ti dia
ntog doanh si bta quyen ngoii nudc lidn phuong thdng qua vi?c thflc diy sta xuit
quan tdi Manga vi Anime da Ito tdi 3
cic sta pbim vta hda cda dja phuong, thiic
?#i» t} yta (khotag 26 ts USD) ntai
diy kinb ti thj tiudng ndi chung, kinh te dia
# ^ . Ctog trong nam niy, doanh thu vd
« DVD cia phim ho»t hlnh Ito tdi 5,2 ty pbuong ndi ritog phit triin bon ntta. Chinh
VSD trtn tota thi gidi. Cvi thi hon, ritog sv hi trp phit triin nhu thi ddi hdi gia ttag
itaanh thn ^14 phim hojt Unh Pokemon vi l\ic lupng lao ddng, tjo ra co hpi vifc lim
lie sta pham lito quan trin thj tiudng tota cho nbieu ngudj.
the gidi tfifli din thtag 12/2011 da dpt 3,5
iiglfflit#yta[12]. Tji Hta (3uic, vi^ dure hi^n cdng
nghi?p vta hda da tbu dupc nhOng thtah
J .Gang nghi^ vta hda cdn cd vai trd md cdng rit in tupng. Ddng gdp cda linh vvrc
itjup bOi, tjo vile Itaa v4 dem l»i sv giau cd cdng nghiap vta bda Hta Qnic cho GDP
<^. cinhto v4 xi h$i. M§t khi cdng nghi?p djt hom 6% vh cd xn hudng ttag trong
^ hda (Id thtah mOi nhijn hay mdt trong nhihig nim qua. Ting doanh thu cda ngtah
"Whig ngtah cdng nghi$p trv c§t c4a nin cdng ngbifp vta hda Hta Quoc djt 99,6
Iswh ti tb) lire lupng lao dpng tr^c tiip nghin ty won vio nim 2015, ttag khotag
^amgia vta cic Irah v^c ciia ngtah niy li 74% so vdi nim 2005. Trong giai dojn tii
A l ^ Ntai 2004, lihh v(rc cdng nghiap ntai 2005 din ntai 2015,ralScttag doanh
M !>«• oSa Nh|tt Bta thu hit khotag thu nSm sau cao hon nim trudc Idn nhit
fttse.00a nguiri, ntai 2010 Ito tdi khotog dupc ghi nhjn vio nim 2011 vdi khotag
^m 3.000.000 ngudi, chiimtil5%-7% l^c 83 nghin ry won, ttag 13% so vdi nira
ihpng hto d$ng tota qudc. Chi tlnh ritog 2010. Trong kbi dd, mdc ttag doanh thu so
IMn cdng trong ngtah cdng nghigi ndi vdi nim trudc trong giai doan niy chi gitt
*mg si (B chiim 310.000 ngudi (ntai muc dudi 5%.
 Tap chl Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, so 8(105) - 2016
Dang chli y la, cong nghiep van hoa Han
Qudc duge danh gia cao nhat la d viec dua
lai hieu qua gian tiep hay con gpi la "hieu
qua lan toa" doi vdi eac lmh vuc khac cua
nen kinh te. Cac san pham cua nen cong
nghiep van hoa dugc truyen tai den ngudi
diing mpt each sau rpng, da chieu va nhanh
chong qua mang ludi thong lin dai chiing va
cac kenh khac dua tren sir phat triSn ctia
cong nghe thong tin, Su yeu thfch ciia
ngudi dijng doi vdi eac san phSm cong
nghiep van hda, cac hinh tugng de dang
dupc Sli dung de hap dan ngudi dung d^n
vdi cac san pham ciia cac Itnh vue khac.
Cac nghien cuu cho thSy ngudi tieu dung
khi muon su dung mgt loai san phdm van
hda nay thi cung se mudn sii dung Ioai san
pham van hda khac cua Han Qudc; tu y
muon Sli dung cac san ph3m ctia nganh
cong nghiep van hda hp cung cd y muon su
dung cac san pham eiia nganh cdng nghipp
van hda phat sinh lien quan nhu du lich,
game... Dong thdi, eac y mudn sii dung cac
san pham ciia nganh cdng nghiep van hda
va san pham ciia nganh cdng nghiep van
hda phat sinh cung se dan tdi y mudn sii
dung cac san phSm cua nganh cdng nghiep
tieu diing khac nhu thudc men, hang dien
tli, quan do, my phSm, dd an uong...
Hieu qua kinh t^ ciia cdng nghiep van
hda Han Quoc thong qua cac hieu ung lan
toa tuy gian liep nhung cd nhi6u tang nSe
va tac dpng tdi cac lmh vuc da dang ciia
nen kinh te, dac bipt la ddi vdi xuil khSu,
Nghien cuu dinh lugng cho thSy, neu kim
ngach xuat khau san phim van hda Han luu
tang 100 USD thi keo theo kim ngach xudt
khau hang lieu dung ciia Han Qu6c tang
412 USD. Xuat khau chirong trinh tniyen
hinh va xuat khau phim 1^ hai ITnh vuc quan
trpng trong viec thiic ddy xudt khdu hang
lieu diing trang phuc va thuc phdm gia
efing. Kim ngach xuat khdu chuang trinh
truyen hlnh tang 100 USD keo Iheo kim
ngach xuat khau thue phdm gia cdng tang
64 USD, Con kim ngach xuat khdu phim
tang 100 USD keo Iheo kim ngach xuat
khdu trang phue tang 87 USD [8]. Do d6,
su yeu thi'ch ddi vdi cac san phdm cong
nghiep van hda Han Qudc da thiic ddy xuat
khau hang hda Han Qudc ra nude ngoSi,
dac biet ra eae khu vuc cd Han luu phat
Irien nhu Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc, Dai Loan,
Ddng Nam A. Tir cac san phdm van h6a,
Han Qudc cd the nang cao uy tfn ciia
thucmg hipu quoc gia "Made in Korea" cho
lat ca eac san pham tren thi trudng qudc te.
Ke tir sau khiing hoang tai chfnh tien te nam
1997, trong bdi canh kinh t^ dinh tr?, s\r
phal trign nhanh chdng ciia ngSnh cong
nghiep van hda va nhung hi?u qua true tiep
cung nhu nhimg hieu qua gian ti6p ciia nd
da cd vai trd ddng gdp khdng nhd cho sy
phal trien ciia nkn kinh tk Ukn Qudc. Cong
nghiep van hda Han Qudc dugc xem \k
"dpng luc phat trien mdi" ciia nen kinh te,
3. Sv quang ba van hda ciia cong
nghiep van hda
0 Nhat Ban va Han Quoc, cae san phim
eiia eong nghiep van hda da tao didu ki?n
dap ling nhu edu hudng thy v5n hda phong
phu, da dang eiia mgi tdng Idp trong xa hpi,
San pham ciia cdng nghipp v5n hda khong
phai ehi danh rieng cho mpt gidi hay mpt
lang ldp trong xa hpi, ma danh cho tdi ca
ngudi dan cd nhu cau hudng thu cae san
pham eong nghiep van hda. Chfnh vi vay.
 HijmBanEThii.Wguy&i-nijThim,HaThiLanPhi

T S^igBgliiffvtahdaditoigvisetjoinpi « kem thdng qua cac sto phim cfla cdng

• ^™ Wpidi tit ca ngudi dta cd CO hpi t i ^
nghi^ vta hda. Tit ca diu nhim myc dich
,« # . w n cong nghifti vta hda, qua dd hudng
gfa liin vm vta bda ndi chung, vfa hda
J ? "* " " S Uto nhiin nhit cd tbi. Trta
Nhjt Bta tbdi tota ciu hda ndi ritog. Tito
II ' i ^ ti, ngudi dta khdng khd khin trong
11 qni trtnh ti% xflc, budng tbvi cac sta phim tbuc ti, cac sfa pbim cua cdng nghiep vfa
li t t e g iighj^ vta bda bdi le chflng thudng bda Nbjt Bfa (nhu trayjn tranh, phun boat
H &pc Kta xnit htag loat, cho nto mftc dp Unh, tro Choi cdng nghj cao, tidi trang, am
ll #ffbKn, inh budng lit ldng Idn. nhac, am thuc...) trd nto quen thupc d hiu
*l CSng n ^ S p vfa hda cua Nhjt Bta cdn hit eic qudc gia tiSn thi gidi. Mdt minh
< .*MBg vai trt quan tipng la qutag ba vta hda chftng cho thiy rd diiu niy dd li kit qua tdt
" quic gia ra nudc ngoM. Tito thyc ti, sii trong vice qutag bi vta hda Nhjt Bta cfla
' iihit triin mjnh m5 cfla cdng nghi^ vta hojt dpng du Ijch vi im thvc.
' Ma Nhit Bta da v i dang tah hudng sin Tji Hta Qnic, cdng nghijp vta bda phit
' "^ng tdi dW song vta hda thi gidi, ddli kit triin cd vai trt khdi phvc vi bta tin vta
gqi cua qui trtnh xiy dvmg, phit triin cdng bda trayin thing cfta dta tpc. D j cung cip
MW^ iSn hda d nudc ngoii do Chlnh phfl
chit liju vi tao nguon sfag tjo cho linh vvc
Nhft Bfa di xudng ttt lin. Nhu di thiy, 5
cdng nghijp niy, Hta Quic tiin hinh so
I » h v ^ nhu cdng nghiap n$i dung si, thdi
bda nguyta gdc vfa hda truyjn thong, tjo
Irang. 4m thvc, nhi d (chu yiu li phong
tMnh cac kho diit liju, kho tii nguyjn so
em Mh tiflc Nbjt Bta), du lich ngiy ctag
dc cung cip cbo cic doanh nghijp vi ngudi
Mm n h ^ cic thi tnrdng nudc ngoii di
dta vdi cich thttc gan nhu l i miln phf.
# i i i g bi v i bta cic sta pbim vta bda.
mng nSm, cic sv kijn ldn nhu Uta hoan Cic sta phim vta hda giai tri chuyin tai
jlhim quic ti; Uta boan quoc ti Nb|t Bta mjt cich sinh djng vi sfag tao cic nji
vi truyta tranh, phun hojt hlnh, Tuin ll dung trayjn thing nguySn gic giflp cho
thdi trang Nh|t Bta, Tuin le im thvc Nhil ngudi dta Hta Qnoc hiin biit vi truyen
Bin... dnpc ti chttc ding thdi, iim ip, dua thing, ntog cao dta tri vi lim phong phfl
* i h d a Nh|t Bfa ra vdi thi gidi. Vdi vijc thSm ddi sing tmh thin cua nhta din. Bta
t i chfc cic sv Uta. lito hoan qudc ti, Nhjt than ngudi IKn (Juic kbdng pbai ai cflng
Bta 1^ vpng khdng chi diy manh cdng biit, cfing hiSu rd hit vi vta hda truyen
nghi^ vfa bda trong vi ngoii nudcraacdn thdng cua dta tpc minh. Trong rapt xa hpi
q i ^ bi nhanh chdng vi sin rpng nin vfa Nho giio, vfa hda rit dc dupc xem li djc
B5a Nh|t Bfa thdng qna cdng nghijp vfa quyta cfla tang Idp thupng luu. Vdi cdng
Bda cOng din thay dii theo thdi gian nhim ngUjp vfa hda giai trf thdng qua sv pbd
^ h hpp vdi hota ctah tttng giai doan, thdi cip cua mang mtemet va h j thing thdng tm
^ licb sft. Sv tbay ddi niy lito quan din dai chflng, co hpi tiip xflc vdi vta hda trd
Vijc Iva chpn hinh inb qutag bi, mvc tidu nen phd biin va binh ding hon cho mpi
ngudi. Mpi ngudi dfa Hta Quic diu dupc

53
Tap chl Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, so 8(105) - 2016

thudng thlic, nghe, nhin va cam nhan ve van hda ndi chung ma la van hda duge cong
van hda, ve gia tri truyen thong va hien dai nghiep hda mang Iai.
ciia dan tpc. Tir do, ngudi dan Han Qudc 4. Cdng nghiep van hda trong vifc cai
hieu biet hem, cd y thue hem, tu hSo hem ve thien hinh anh flat nirdrc tren trirdng
van hda ciia dan toc mlnh. quoc te va cai thien ngoai giao
Gan vdi mue dfch xuat khau, nganh Thuc te cho Ihay, sir phat trien ciia cong
cfing nghiep van hda Han Qudc da tao nghiep van hda, nhat la su quang ba san
duac lan sdng yeu thfch van hda Han Qudc pham cfing nghiep van hda d hai ngoai, cd
d nudc ngoai. Thong qua dd, su quan tam, vai trd ral tfch cue ve mat eai thien hinh anh
su hieu biet ve van hda Han Qude ndi dat nude, gdp phan vao nang cao tfn nhiem
rieng va Han Qudc ndi ehung tren the gidi ciia dat nudc. Chfnh vi vay, Nhat Ban va
dugc nang cao. Tai Chau A, nhdt la d cac Han Quoc deu coi cong nghiep van hfia
nude thugc vung van hda Nho giao va chii (dac biel la van hda giai trf), eoi dd lk
Han nhu Trung Qufic, Nhat Ban, Viet phuang tien quan trong de tiep can quan he
qudc te lii khi budc vko ihk ky XXI.
Nam, thdng qua cac bd phim truyen hinh,
ngudi dan mdi cd the hieu rd han nhung Nhu chung ta bi6t, cac san phdm ciia
tucmg dong van hda vdi Han Qudc. Tren cdng nghipp van hda eiia Nhat Ban ngky
CO sd cam nhan dupe nhung diem chung cang trd nen quen thudc tren \.hk giai, vupt
ve van hda, ngudi dan trd nen gdn gui, qua ca su khac biet ve van hda, ngdn ngii,
chiing lde; d diu chung eiing dugc ch^o
than Ihien, tin tudng nhau hon. Dac biel, d
ddn nfing nhiet va de lai dau dn sau dam
cac khu vuc cd su khac biet van hda nhu
trong gidi tre. Thfing qua dd, c&c san phdm
Chau Phi, Trung Ddng, van hda Han Quoe
van hda nay edn gdp phan lao nen mpi
cung dugc quan tam va yeu thfch. Ngoai
hinh anh "nudc Nhat Ban mdi" so vdi
ra, du mudn hay khdng, d phuong Tay, trudc kia. Dd khdng cdn la mdt nudc Nhai
khu vuc cd nen van hda thudng vdn dugc Ban qu§n phiet, mpt nudc Nhat Ban chi c6
cho la "uu viet" hem thl cac san phdm ciia sue manh kinh te, ma la mpt qudc gia c6
nganh cong nghiep van hda giai tri Han siic hap dan ve van hda. Ro rang, san pham
Qudc eting dupe ua thfch, cfing nghipp van hda khfing ehi la cfing
nghe, su sang tao, ma edn la phuang tl?n
Nganh cdng nghiep van hda Han Qudc (hay chific cau nfii) ciia sir hi6u biSl vk van
CO vai trd dua cac gia tri van hda len mfit hda giiia cac qudc gia, dan tfie de qua dd,
tam cao mdi. Ngoai nhirng gia tri vdn cd nang cao tinh hiru hao giCta ngudi Nhat
ciia van hda, thfing qua nhung ddng gdp cua Ban vdi cpng ddng eae dan tpc trong khu
no vk kinh 16, chfnh tri xa hfii nhu da de cap vuc va tren the gidi. Thuc 16 cho thdy, dfii
d tren, van hda cd them gia iri kinh te, gia tugng yeu men san pham cdng nghiep v5n
trj quyen lyc trong chfnh iri ddi npi va dfii hda Nhai Ban eho den nay khdng chi b6
ngoai. Do la nhung gia tri phat sinh hay la hep d gidi ire ma edn md rgng sang cac
nhiing "hieu ung lan tda" ma khdng phai la gidi, tang ldp xa hpi thupc nhi6u chau lyc
 raam Htmg Thai, Ngpyln TTii Th&m, Hg Thj Lan Phi

trSn the ^ d t Thaomg hieu Nh^t Ban nfii khdng thS choi bd, do do, hai nirdc deu
l ^ n h i ^ th^p k^ qua vh qua dd da t^o ra daag dieu chinh vh xem xdt lgi vi tri ciia
njbfing gtd trj t^t d?p v e dh miQC Nhat Ban n&i c@ng n ^ e p van hda dBfimra hudng di
ngiy nay vdi hinh anh cua mot dan tgc tdt nhdt cho sa phSt tri&i tilp theo. Li6n
hitai. hda, yfiu chupng hda binh trong long quan den quang ba hinh anh qufic gia cdn
cgng dSng nhilu qudc gia tren thS gioi. phai tao ra duprc "thuong hieu NhSt Ban",
^, D6i vdi tnrcmg hop H ^ Qudc, s\r yeu "thuong hieu Han Qufic" nhSm phuc vii tdt
tt^gh c&c san pham cua cong nghiSp van n h ^ cho n&i cdng nghiap van hda, tao siic
Ijfja ^ i trf Hin Quoc 6 nudc ngoai (hay cuon hut ciia mdi num; trSn the gidi. Tuy
£ ^ ggi 1^ Han luu) gop phan cai thien nhien, nhilu qudc gia cung dua "thuong
hlnh anh qu6c gia ciia ddt nudc nky. Theo hi6u quoc gia" ciia minh nhu Australia,
f - - - luwu ijuub 510 \tUH II
Mt qna thdng Itj, Hin luu dupc dtah gia Trung Qudc... Boi vhy. vice qufag bi hinh
cao trong vijc ntag cao hlnh tah cua Hta fah qudc gia cua Nhat Bta vii Hta Quic
Qudc tai nude ngoii vdi tren 60% S kiin lhdng qua cdng nghijp vfa hda chJc chta
dSng tinh. Sw yen thfch sta pham cdng hi fah hudng trade s\i "cjnh tranh" quyk
nghifli vta bda giai tri dan tdi vijc tin lijt neu khdng giai quy^t dupc nhiing h?n
tudng vta htag hda, djch vji, cfch thiic che ciia mlnh. Chfnh vi le dd, vijc triln
cia Hta Quoc vh cudi ctag sB hlnh thtah khai, md rpng cua cdng nghijp vfa hda se
m Hii^ cdm d6i vdi dk nudc Hta Qudc. khd trtah khdi nhiSng khd khfa trong qui
Ifflhh tab quoc gia trd nen tfch ctic hon se tnnh phit tridn.
14 nin ttag xiy dvmg vh ntag cao gii tri Thti hai la ban quyin: Ddi vdi qui trinh
cSa thuong hiju quoc gia. Diy chfnh li phit triln cdng nghijp vta hda NhSt Bta,
' sic m?nh mem" cua Hta Qu6c khdng chi Hta Qu6c, vta d« xtai pham quyjn tic gia,
niang l^ nhihig uu thl trong thuong mai, t j n»n sao chep bat hpp phip da lim cta trd
diu thiu mi cdn trong ngoai giao qudc t l svr phit triln cua khdng ft nginh trong ITnh
ciia Hta Qo^c. vvrc niy. Thvrc tl trong qui trtnh xuc tien,
5. Nhihig viin d l d$t ra d l i vdi phat phit trien cdng nghijp vta hda tu dau the
w i n cSng nghijp yfa hda * Nhat Bin ky XXI din nay, Chfnh phfl Nhat Bta vi
vk H i n Q n i c Hta Qudc ludn khuyin khfch vijc xuat
khiu cic sta phim cfla nginh niy ra the
TM nhdt Ul stic ip cgnh tranh: Hijn
gidi. Tuy nbijn, d nhilu noi, nhit li thi
W . nhilu qu6c gia kinh te phit triln diu
tradng Chiu A, cic cdng ty cfla Nhat Bta
.C^ khi ntag dl trien khai, md rpng cdng
vi Hin Qudc phai doi mjt vdi nan sao chjp
-nghijp vta hda cua nudc minh ra thl gidi.
bat hop phip, giy tdn thit khdng chi vl raJt
Nhu vjy, cdng nghijp vta hda cua Nhjt kinh te mi con vj uy tin cfla nudc sta xuit.
Bta ctag nhu cia Hta Qudc vdi nhanE uu Cho den nay, cic nudc nay ciing dua ra
the vdn CO cd the dung traoc nguy ca bi md thdng ft cac bijn phip cap qudc gia dk giai
nhjt vdi cac qudc gia khic. Diy li thpc tj quyjt• vta • dl. niy, thtai chf Uong khudn khd
 Tap chf Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam. s6 8(105) - 2016

mol khung hop tac quoc te Tuy nhien, dl cfla cnng nghijp vta hda cfla Nhat Bta,
cham dut hota toan te nan nay khong hi Hta Qudc trong nhimg thap ky vfia qua cho
don gita cho nen vijc trien khai tit ca thay, neu bilt khai thac va phit triln dtag
nhimg gi lien quan den sta phim cong
hudng, ITnh vuc cong nghiep vta hda se
nghiep van hoa se cbn gap nhiing kho khta,
dem lai Ipi nhuta to Idn, thu hfll dupc mol
trd ngai khong tranh khoi.
lugng lap dpng rit dang kl.
TItii ba la nguon nlian lire: Mpt yeu td Thti hai, phal triln cnng nghijp vta hda
quan trgng bac nhit trong cong nghiep vta cung la mgt cich phat Irien sue manh mlm
hoa la ngudn nhan lire Nhat Bta va Han cua quoc gia vua tao nen kha nang tu vj
Quoc dil het sue quan tam nhung vin vip vta hoa dta tgc, vu-a qutag bi tich cue hinh
phai mpt so kho khan nhu tinh trang Ihilu
anh dil nudc d hai ngpai, lap nen nhimg
nhta cong lao dong do gia hda dan s6, ty le
hieu ling ill de phal triln kinh ll. NIU chara
sinh thap... Neu nhir khong tim ra cac bijn
nhta Ihlic va hanh dgng trong linh vuc nay
phap hieu qua de giai quyit ngudn nhan lire
se dua din nguy co bi "xam Itag van hda"
van hda, Nhat Bta va Han Qudc chic chin
ngay mgl cao.
gap phai nhiing khd khan, thach thiic trpng
qui Irinh phal Irien nin cong nghiep vta Thti ba, Viji Nam cin nhanh chdng xay
hda trong nudc cung nhu md rpng Ihi dimg hj thong chfnh sach vl phil triln cong
tnidng nudc ngpai. nghiep van hda nhim lap ra khung phap If
va khuyin khfch su phit triln cfla cic
6. Ham y cbinb sacb cho Vijt Nam
ngtah san xuit vta hda. Cin cd chfnh sich
Qua cac nghien ciiu cho Ihiy, hien nay,
hd Irp cong nghijp vta hpi d 3 linh wifz:
cac nganh cnng nghiep van hpa d Viet Nam
dao tao ngudn nhta luc; ngudn von; minh
con d Irinh dp ril so khai va lung lung Irong
bach Ihi Irudng cdng nghijp vin hpi. Ddng
chieu hudng phit Iriln. Vin dl khp khan
Ihdi cta khta iraong cd nhiing bijn phip
dang dai ra ddi vdi cac ngtah cdng nghijp
giap due, tuyen Iruyln cci hiju qua nhjm
van hda trpng nudc khong chi la ngudn vdn,
kmh nghiem ma con la moi Irucmg dau Iu bap vj phpng luc, tap quan vin hpa lanh
(nhu chua cci chfnh sach rp rang, co chl bao manh cua dta Ipc. Ngcai ra cin hnan ihijn
vc bta quyin con Idng lep...). Tit kinh Lual Quyin sd httu In luj; cin cd chfnh
nghiem phal Iriln cpng nghiep vta hpa cua sach khuyen khfch sing lap van hpa; c6
Nhat Ban va Han Qudc, chiing toi dua ra chien djch qutag bi, tuyen truyin cho cic
mpi SP ham y chfnh sach phal Irien cong sta phim cdng nghijp van hoi Vijt Nam.
nghiep van hda a Viel Nam nhu sau: Qua kinh nghiem phat triln cfla Han Quic
chp Ihay, sd dT san phim nganh cnng
Tint nhdl, Viet Nam cin nhan Ihuc rn nghiep npi dung so cfla Han Qudc xuil ra
hon niia vj trf, y nghTa vai iro ciia cnng nudc ngoai dera lai hieu qua kinh ll to ldn
nghiep van hoa dli vdi su phal triln ciia dil chp nudc nay la dp Chfnh phfl Han Qudc da
nudc irpng ihd ky XXI. Thuc tiln phal Iriln sdm cd chfnh sich dung vl dap lap nhan lai.
 Ptjmadng Thiii. Ngnyin Thi Thim, Ha Thi Lap Phi

ctog nhta qnym sd httu trf tnj, ditoh sich thdng dac sic cua ca nudc cnng nhu tftng
Blue cd Uiih khny& ttfch nisnh me (tai dia pbuong dl phit ttiln vta bda du ljch vi
Ifin Quoc, ngay tiir ntai 1994 dudi chfnh cdng iighijp npi dung so, tu dd xac dinb
quyen Kun Ydng Sam, Cue Cdng nghijp mpt sd linh wrc diu to phit triln ttpng
vta bda d i dupc tbinh lap bxmg B? Vta diem. Chiln lupc cdng nghijp vta hda cfla
hda Gita d p ; v i Thl thao vdi m»c dfch xuc NhSt Bta v i Hta Qudc tu nam 2008 din
tiln p b * triln cdng nghijp vfa hda v i nhta nay lit chii ttpng vijc nghidn cftu, phit buy
Ihlic day dfl v l gii tri kmh t l cna nginh nhftng gia ttj vta bda dja pbuong vio trong
edng nghijp niy). Nhjt Bta chu traong mdi cdng nghijp npi dung sd. Trong cic gii tri
CO qnan dai dijn cfla Nb|t Bta d nudc vta hda dac sic vflng miln, cin dilu tra
?gQii phii bd tbinh noi qutag cio cbo nghien cftu IBih vvrc cd gii ttj kmh tl cao dj
thuong hijn Nbjt Bta, phai gdp phin t»o diu to phit ttiln. Xiy dyng vi tao ra dupc
nJn sftc hiit cho thuong hi ju Nhit Bto. ndt ritag die sic cua tftng vtag se phit
ttien dupc du ljch dl liy dd lim nguin tbu
ThA tu, do cor cau, trtnh dj vi npi lvtc
tii diu to.
pbit tricn cia cic ngtah cdng nghijp vta
hda Vijt Nam cdn rit hsm che njn cin phai 7. Kit luao
ngWJn cftu ttm ra nhihig liiih vvrc mui nhpn Thvrc tien phit ttiln cdng nghijp vta bda
mi Vijt Nam cd nhilu lpi tbl dl tao ra cfta Nhat Bta v i Hta Qudc ttpng thdi gian
budc d«t phi chft khdng thl phit triln theo qua cho tbay, diy li linh vvic cd vai ttd rat
h-Udng d&ig diu. Mu6n tSn dyng, phit huy ldn khdng chi d pbuong dijn kinh tl, rai
im mpih^ cfla cdng nghijp vta hda tbi cdn ci d cic phuong dijn khic, nhit li
Ichdng thl chi budng nji m i cdn pbai pbuong dijn ttuyin b i vta bda vi ttag
hudng ngoai. Chfnh vi viy, phai Ivia chpn coong sftc manh mlm cfla dit nudc. Phit
dope thl mjnh cd sftc canh tranh qu6c tl. triln cic nginh ngbl dich vvi vta hda theo
Trong cdng nghijp vta hda cfla Nhjt Ban, hudng cdng nghijp hda hijn nay cflng dang
stag tic v i tign thv trayjn tranh vln li mgt dupc ttag budc dk cap ttong cic chfnh sich
ndt vta hda trayin th6ng r6i phit ttiln phit ttien kinh tl, vfa hda, x i bpi cfla Btag
thinh mjt tiio luu cd tfnh quic tj. Tniyjn vi^Nhi nudc ta. Tuy nhien, qui trinh phit
tranh vi phim hoat hinh, game dupc chfl trien cdng nghijp vta bda ttpng boi ctah
tipng vi hd thtah thl manh. Tai Hta Qudc, tota ciu hda vi hpi nhap qudc tl ngiy mgt
Hta luu bit diu tu phim trayin hlnh rdi sau' sin rjng hijn nay vfta dung ttirdc nhftng co
phit triln dan sang cic linh vvrc khic nhu hdi Idn lao nbung cung phai ddi mil vdi
tal nhac thdi trang... Tuong m „bu vay, kbdng ft thich thuc. Dl phit niln linh vyc
Vijt Nam cd thl di sta vio mpt sd ITnh virc niy mpt each cd hiju qua, Vijt Nam khdng
chi can ngudn vdn diu to thfch hpp ma ca
t»n dyng dupc lpi thl sing tao, vf du nhu
SII djnh hudng cbfnh sich dung din. Ben
game online.
Ctah d(3, vijc nghien cftu, dfah gia thyc
Thii nam,^ cin cd chuong trtnh nghien
trang tiem ntag phal ttiln ttong nudc va
cftu ting thl cic gia trj vta hda ttnyin
hgc hdi kinb nghijm cfla cic nudc di trade
Tap chl Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, s6 8(105) - 2016

trong do cd kinh nghiem ciia Nhat Ban, Han ii5]:,2lfi., 26/07/2013 (BQ Van h6a Thl thao
Quoc la rat can thiet. va Du ljch Hkn Quoc, Vi?n Chan hrnig ngi
dung so. Thong ke cong nghiap noi dung nSm
Tai lieu tham khao 2012, Cue Thong ke, e- Chi tiSu quoc gia,
26/07/2013).
[IJ Ban Chap hinh Tning uong, Ban Kinh te
(2005), Phdt triin nganh cong nghiep van hoa [7] ilih^ff],2011. Sa:2]if-}=}?lloli4£: S:^
Viil Nam trong hqi nhap quoc le. Ha Noi. tv^ ^zi H.^ii o]5]2] n^ ^-L^^ ^m
^i: §:a ^ ^-^SliSaiis]
[2] Bg Van hda Tha thao va Du Hch (2008), Thdng
i^iL^M Sil-^^), ^^ ^^^^^^.
ke nucinh tong nghiep vdn hoa, Hk Noi.
. ^ 2 l l 5 l H ^ M f l l ' t i ^ , ^ 2 4 M OS., pp.435-
[3] Thii tuctng Chfnh phii (2009), "Quyit dinh s6
453 (Kim Sang Won & dong nghi?p, 201!,
581/QD-TTg ngiy 6 thang 5 v6 viec phe
Nghien ciiu phuang An C3i thi^n hlnh anh
duyet: Chien litac phdl tnen vdn hoa den ndm
thucmg hi?u quoc gia HSn Quoc thflng qua
2(720", Ha NQi.
truyan th&ng vkn hda: Hipu qua ve sau ctia
[4] ^S}^ £1, 2016, 2016- ^ S S ! 5 . i l 2 J ^^• cong nghipp van hda giai tri HSn Quoc t^i Diic,
2015!d Bl!:?l 2016k! Sl^ :^-^1). Tap chf Brechl vS Kjch hipn dai, Hgc hpi
t > ^ £ S ] ^ i l 2 € l (Kang Ik Hee & nhdm Brechl, Quyen 24, s6 0, tr.435-453),
nghien cuu, 2016, Tnen vong cong nghiep van
18] ?ia*l £|. 2015, i f i M i l ; : ^ ^ ^ 2Q^
h6a ngi dung nam 2016- Tong kel nam 2015
vk phan tfch cac van de nam 2016, Vi?n Chin J^Ztst 2l3tL t > : S £ : l i i + S < ^ 2 : ^ (Kim
hung noi dung so H&n Quoc). Kyu Chan vi dong nghipp, 2015, 20 nSm chi'nh
siich cflng nghigp van hda, Diinh gid vk tnen
[5] i]3]±, 2002, [-^SL mm ^:^e]
vgng, Vipn Nghien ciiu Vdn hda Du ljch Hdn
ii::Si>2}23 4 3 21:2), ^ej uj-^
Quflc, tr,277).

^ ^ ^ S ^ E t ^ i l , 211 II S,43:,pp.l-22(Kim [9] www meti.go,jp/committee/materials2/

Chung Son, 2002, Gi?! y chi'nh sdch cong downloadriles/gl00405a04j.pdf

nghiep van hi5a lir hi?n tugng Bin luu: S\i hi?n [10] http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/kenkyukai/
di?n a niroc ngoSi ciia cong nghiap van hda seisan/cooiJapan/pdf/0 n_s02_00.pdf.
nuoc la vk ho trg chi'nh sich ciia chi'nh phu,Tap [11] www, meti.go.jp/policy/mono_info_service/
chl Hoc hoi chfnh sdch Han Quoc, quyen 11,
..,/l 507shokanjiko.pdf
so 4, tr. 1-22)
[12] http7/wWW,meti.go.jp/commitlee/kenkyukai/
[6] £^ill^iiiiif ' J l r ^ S S i i i J l - l ^ , 2013,
[2012S|11^i!::a Sil]]. SZll^, e- seisan/cooljapan/pdf/011_s02„00.pdf