CHEMISTRY 2017

Unit 1
Key Topic Test 2 – Metals and Ionic Bonding

Recommended writing time*: 45 minutes

Total number of marks available: 50 marks

SOLUTIONS

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2017 CHEMISTRY KEY TOPIC TEST

SECTION A: Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

Question Response
1 A
2 C
3 D
4 E
5 C
6 E
7 C
8 A
9 B
10 D
11 B
12 C
13 E
14 D
15 B

Question 1

Answer: A

Explanation:

All metals are malleable, good conductors of electricity and many have high tensile strength

Question 2

Answer: C

Explanation:

Metals are conductors of electricity in the solid state due to the presence of delocalised electrons,
ionic solids are non-conductors in the solid state as the ions are not free to move.

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Question 3

Answer: D

Explanation:

Metals have delocalised electrons that are free to move forming non-direction bonds which in
turn hold the lattice intact regardless of the direction of the force.
The delocalised electrons are able to move through the lattice structure.

Question 4

Answer: E

Explanation:

From least reactive to most reactive.

Question 5

Answer: C

Explanation:

The smaller carbon atoms fit between the iron atoms and stop layers from sliding past one
another they therefore act as braces.

Question 6

Answer: E

Explanation:

CO acts as a reducing agent which reacts with iron oxide to form iron.

Question 7

Answer: C

Explanation:

The compound formed between X and Y would be XY2, as X forms 2+ cations and Y would
form 1- anions.

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Question 8

Answer: A

Explanation:

Repulsions that occur when like charges align when the lattice is disrupted due to applied force.

Question 9

Answer: B

Explanation:

The charged particles (ions) are fixed in place in the lattice structure and therefore cannot conduct
a current.

Question 10

Answer: D

Explanation:

Al2(SO4)3 forms from Al3+and SO42-

Question 11

Answer: B

Explanation:

Quenching, a metal is heated then cooled quickly.

Question 12

Answer: C

Explanation:

Alloys are generally harder but less malleable.

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Question 13

Answer: E

Explanation:

Ionic solids have a regular three dimensional lattice of alternating Na+ and Cl- ions

Question 14

Answer: D

Explanation:
Transition metals are harder and can lose electrons from either the d or s subshells therefore they
have a greater number of oxidation states and many have catalytic properties

Question 15

Answer: B

Explanation:

Nano-metals have numerous useful properties including excellent electrical conductivity, very
high tensile strength and catalytic behaviour

SECTION B: Short-answer questions

Question 1
a. i. Molten ionic compounds have mobile ions which are able to conduct an electric current but
do not have any mobile charges in the solid state thus they cannot conduct an electric current
in the solid state.

1 mark

ii. MgCl2, is relatively hard, due to strong ionic bonds and stable 3d ionic lattice structure
but will shatter easily when struck with a hammer as the like charges repel when they
align when a force is applied disrupting the lattice.
2 marks

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iii. Al 3+2 O2- 3 = Al2O3

1 mark

b.
i. KCl CaO

4 marks

ii. In KCl the ionic charges are 1+ and 1- respectively whereas in CaO they are 2+
and 2- resulting in a much greater attractive force between the ions in CaO thus
requiring more energy to break the bonds.
1 mark
Total 9 marks

Question 2
a. i. A metal is a pure element with no other element mixed with it whereas an alloy is a
mixture of two or more elements, one of which is a metal,
1mark
ii. The alloy generally is harder, less malleable and a lower melting point and lower
electrical conductivity than the pure metals from which it was made.

b.
i. The two main types of alloys are substitutional and interstitial.

lead Tin

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iii.

Interstitial- e.g. steel Substitutional-e.g. solder

iv. Interstitial alloys have a metal element which is much larger than the added
element.
The metal element has a much higher percentage than the other element.
Substitutional alloys have atoms which are about the same size and percentage. 
2 marks
Total 8 marks

Question 3

i. Cu(I)NO3: copper (I) nitrate

ii. BaSO4: barium sulfate
iii. PbCO3: lead (II) carbonate
iv. Al(OH)3 : aluminium hydroxide

1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 marks
a. Write the chemical formulae for each of the following compounds:

i. Calcium orthophosphate: Ca3(PO4)2

ii. Potassium permanganate: KMnO4

iii. Aluminium sulfate: Al2(SO4)3

iv. Ammonium dichromate: (NH4)2 Cr2O7

1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 marks

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b. State one use of each of the following ionic compounds:

i. NaOH - making soap and alcohols

ii. CaCO3 - building material, glass

iii. Al2O3 - making aluminium

iv. NH4NO3 – fertiliser, explosives

1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 marks
Total 12 marks

Question 4

a. C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)

b. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

c. C(s) + CO2(g) → 2CO(g)

d. 3CO(g) + Fe2O3(s) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

e. CaO(s) + SiO2(s) → CaSiO3(s)

1+1+1+2+1=6

Total 6 marks

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