zmt 231/4

Assignment 2
Human respiratory system

Name: RABIATULADAWIAH BINTI HASBULLAH

Matric Num.: 160384

Label the following diagram with the correct parts associated with respiratory system

answer
1. Nasal Cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Lungs
7. Alveoli
8. Heart
 Instructions: Choose the best answer.

1. The process that takes place in the lungs which involves the movement of oxygen and
carbon dioxide is known as _____.

A. gas exchange
B. cellular respiration
C. ventilation
D. pulmonary circulation

2. Which of the following best describes how gas exchange occurs?

A. Air is on one side of the respiratory membrane and blood is on the other
B. Oxygen moves out of the alveolar into the blood, while carbon dioxide moves in the
opposite direction.

C. Carbon dioxide moves into the blood, and oxygen moves in the opposite direction.
D. Gas exchange occurs in the heart.

3. Why does the process of gas exchange need to be efficient?

A. To enable us to run longer marathons in shorter amounts of time at greater speeds.

B. To enable us have more energy that will allow us to multitask to ultimately get
accomplished in a shorter period of time.

C. To get enough oxygen in to help our cells make energy to do work, and get carbon
dioxide out when we work

D. We do not need gas exchange to be efficient

 A “MITEY” MONSTER

The scary beast in figure is likely to be lurking in your own home, where it feeds on organic
debris, including human skin. What is it? It’s the common dust mite, a close relative of
spiders. The dust mite is so small that it is barely visible with the unaided eye, so it’s obviously
shown greatly enlarged above. If you think you can get rid of dust mites in your home by
frequent and thorough cleaning, think again.

There may be thousands of dust mites in just one gram of dust! Regardless of how clean you
keep your house, you can’t eliminate dust mites entirely. So why even bother trying? The feces
of dust mites contain proteins that are a common trigger of asthma attacks.

What is asthma attack? How can asthma attacks be prevented?

How can symptoms of asthma attacks be controlled?.

answer
An asthma attack occurs when the airways swell and tighten,
causing difficulty breathing, coughing, and chest tightness. To
prevent asthma attacks, avoid triggers such as dust, pet dander,
smoke, and strong odors by maintaining a clean environment,
avoiding smoking, and managing respiratory infections through
early medication and vaccinations. During an attack, stay calm,
sit upright, use a prescribed inhaler, and seek medical help if
symptoms persist. In controlling the attack, a long-term
management includes practicing breathing exercises like
pursed-lip and diaphragmatic breathing to strengthen lung
capacity could be done. Regular medical check-ups are essential
for effective asthma management and adjusting treatment plans
as needed.
 What is pneumonia? What is the different between asthma attack and
pneumonia? How can pneumonia be prevented? How is it treated?

answer
Pneumonia is the condition where an infection happened to the
lung that causes the air sacs, or alveoli of the lungs to fill up
with fluid. The different between pneumonia and asthma attack
can be seen from the causes itself where the pneumonia is due to
infection whereby asthma attack are causes from the tighten of
airways that comes from allergies, dusty condition and also it is
can be inherited from the parents. Other comparison that can be
seen is the condition if the airways of these two conditions
where pneumonia the alveoli will be filled up with liquid but
asthma attack, the airways will swelling. Pneumonia can be
prevented through vaccinations for diseases like COVID-19,
Influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), also avoiding
smoking, go for regular medical check-ups, and limiting alcohol
consumption. Treatment involves taking antibiotics for bacterial
infections, antiviral medications for viral causes, and antifungal
treatments if caused by fungi, along with over-the-counter
medicines to alleviate symptoms like fever and muscle pain.
let's play
 O SMOKIN
N G
THIS AREA
IN
RISKS OF
SMOKING
Smoking is a major public health concern due to the numerous risks associated
with it. The harmful effects of smoking are well-documented and can impact
nearly every organ in the body. List some of the main risks emanating from
smoking:
ADDICTION
Nicotine in tobacco is a highly
addictive substance that triggers
the release of dopamine in the
brain, but its effects are short-
lived. Over time, as a person
continues to smoke, their body
requires more dopamine, leading to
increased cravings. This
dependency and the withdrawal
symptoms associated with nicotine
contribute to tobacco addiction.
INFERTILITY
Infertility rates in both male and
female smokers are approximately
double those found in nonsmokers.
This is because exposure to
tobacco can damage DNA in sperm
and smoking can impact hormone
production.
DENTAL PROBLEMS
Smoking increases the risk of
developing mouth cancer, gum
problems, tooth loss, and decay at
the roots of teeth. It also leads to
complications after tooth removal,
as well as gum and oral surgeries.
LUNG DISEASES
Smoking can lead to numerous lung
diseases, including lung cancer,
chronic bronchitis, and asthma.
Another example is emphysema, a
condition where the alveoli are
damaged.
HEART DISEASES
Smoking damages the heart and
blood vessels, which can lead
to high cholesterol, high blood
pressure, and heart attacks.
Additionally, it increases the
risk of developing peripheral
artery disease, where narrowed
arteries reduce blood flow to
the limbs.
DIABETES
Smoking can be a cause of type 2
diabetes. The chemicals in
cigarettes can cause
inflammation throughout the
body, making insulin less
effective.
Thank You
FOR YOUR
PARTICIPATION