Titay National High School

GENERAL BIOLOGY-STEM 11
Name: _______________________________________________________________ Date: ______________
Grade and Section: _____________________________________________________

Direction: Choose the correct answer. Circle the letter of your choice.
1. Who is credited with developing the Cell Theory?
a) Louis Pasteur b) Anton van Leeuwenhoek c) Robert Hooke d) Gregor Mendel
2. According to the Cell Theory, all living organisms are composed of one or more:
a) Organs b) Cells c) Tissues d) Proteins
3. Which scientist was the first to observe and describe living cells under a microscope?
a) Robert Hooke b) Anton van Leeuwenhoek c) Rudolf Virchow d) Matthias Schleiden
4. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production and is often called the "powerhouse" of the cell?
a) Nucleus b) Golgi apparatus c) Mitochondria d) Chloroplast
5. The cell membrane is primarily composed of:
a) Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) Phospholipids d) Nucleic acids
6. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the cell?
a) Protein synthesis b) Lipid synthesis c) Cellular respiration d) DNA replication
7. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells:
Prokaryotic cells lack a true:
a) Nucleus b) Cell membrane c) Cytoplasm d) Ribosomes
8. Which type of cell has membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus?
a) Prokaryotic b) Eukaryotic c) Both d) Neither
9. Bacteria are an example of:
a) Prokaryotic cells b) Eukaryotic cells c) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells d) Non-cellular organisms
10. Cell Types: Red blood cells are specialized for:
a) Digestion b) Oxygen transport c) Photosynthesis d) Muscle contraction
11. Neurons are a type of cell that specialize in:
a) Reproduction b) Transmitting electrical signals c) Immune response d) Nutrient storage
12. Which type of cell has a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts for photosynthesis?
a) Animal cell b) Plant cell c) Fungal cell d) Bacterial cell
13. Cell Modifications: What are the hair-like projections on the surface of some cells that aid in movement called?
a) Microvilli b) Cilia c) Flagella d) Endoplasmic reticulum
14. Cells lining the small intestine have finger-like extensions for increased surface area. What are these extensions called?
a) Microvilli b) Cilia c) Flagella d) Villi
15. Which cell modification is responsible for increasing the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine?
a) Microvilli b) Cilia c) Flagella d) Villi
16. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
a) G1 phase b) S phase c) G2 phase d) M phase
17. What is the main control point in the cell cycle that determines whether a cell will proceed through the cycle or enter a
non-dividing state (G0)?
a) G1 checkpoint b) S checkpoint c) G2 checkpoint d) M checkpoint
18. During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, ready for separation?
a) G1 phase b) S phase c) G2 phase d) M phase
19. The G2 phase is characterized by:
a) Cell growth and preparation for mitosis b) DNA replication
c) Chromosome segregation d) Completion of cell division
20. What is the primary function of the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle?
a) Ensuring DNA is accurately replicated
b) Checking for cell size and nutrient availability
c) Verifying that DNA is undamaged before mitosis
d) Initiating the process of cell division
21. If 2n=6, how many chromosomes are present in each cell at the end of mitosis?
a) 3 b) 6 c) 12 d) 18
22. During which stage of mitosis or meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?
a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Anaphase d) Telophase
23. In meiosis, how many daughter cells are produced from a single cell with 2n=6?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
24. What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell when starting with 2n=6?
a) Each daughter cell has 6 chromosomes b) Each daughter cell has 3 chromosomes
c) Each daughter cell has 12 chromosomes d) Each daughter cell has 18 chromosomes
25. Which stage of mitosis or meiosis involves the formation of spindle fibers and the condensation of chromosomes?
a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Anaphase d) Telophase
26. Which of the following disorders is caused by uncontrolled cell division and the formation of malignant tumors?
a) Down syndrome b) Cystic fibrosis c) Cancer d) Alzheimer's disease
27. A genetic disorder characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 is known as:
a) Sickle cell anemia b) Turner syndrome c) Down syndrome d) Huntington's disease
28. Mutations in the CFTR gene lead to a defective protein involved in chloride ion transport, resulting in which disease?
a) Sickle cell anemia b) Cystic fibrosis c) Alzheimer's disease d) Parkinson's disease
29. Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the HTT gene, leading to the degeneration
of nerve cells. Which category of cell cycle malfunction does this disease fall under?
a) Aberrant cell growth b) Cell cycle arrest c) Abnormal cell differentiation d) Telomere shortening
30. What is the term for the progressive degeneration of brain cells and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly?
a) Cystic fibrosis b) Cancer c) Alzheimer's disease d) Down syndrome
31. What is the primary driving force behind the process of diffusion in cells?
a) Cellular energy (ATP) b) Concentration gradient c) Carrier proteins d) Voltage gradients
32. Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion that involves the movement of:
a) Ions through protein channels b) Water molecules across a semipermeable membrane
c) Large molecules through vesicles d) Oxygen and carbon dioxide through the lipid bilayer
33. Facilitated transport, a passive process, is characterized by:
a) The use of energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient
b) The movement of water molecules through aquaporin’s
c) The use of carrier proteins to assist the movement of specific molecules across the membrane
d) The movement of small, nonpolar molecules through the lipid bilayer
34. Active transport differs from passive transport mechanisms in that it:
a) Requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient
b) Relies on concentration gradients to move molecules
c) Involves the diffusion of water molecules
d) Occurs through simple diffusion without the need for transport proteins
35. Which transport mechanism is responsible for the uptake of glucose into cells, even when the concentration of glucose
outside the cell is lower than inside the cell?
a) Diffusion b) Osmosis c) Facilitated transport d) Active transport
36. Which of the following biological molecules is primarily used as a long-term energy storage molecule in organisms?
a) Lipids b) Carbohydrates c) Proteins d) Nucleic acids
37. What is the main function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
a) Serving as an energy source and structural component b) Storing genetic information
c) Catalyzing chemical reactions d) Forming cell membranes
38. Proteins are composed of which of the following basic building blocks?
a) Monosaccharides b) Amino acids
c) Nucleotides d) Fatty acids
39. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are essential for:
a) Storing and transmitting genetic information b) Providing quick energy for cellular processes
c) Serving as structural components of cell membranes d) Regulating metabolic reactions
40. Which biological molecule is characterized by a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head, making it a key component of cell
membranes?
a) Carbohydrates b) Proteins c) Nucleic acids d) Lipids

Enumeration/Explanation: Provide a brief and concise answer.

1. Name a major function of lipids in biological systems.
1.
2.
3.
4.What is the primary structural component of carbohydrates?
4.
5. What is the main structural building block of proteins?
5.
6. Provide an example of a nucleic acid and its function in storing genetic information. (2 points)
6-7.
8. Name a type of lipid commonly found in cell membranes and describe its function.(3points)
8-10.