To get the full mark

Toppers in English

Toppers Dictionary 2
 Toppers in English
Arts sponsorship ‫خ‬٣‫هػب‬
abstract art ٟ‫ل‬٣‫كٖ رغو‬ stage ‫فْجخ أَُوػ‬
ballet ٚ٤ُ‫كٖ اُجب‬ studio ِْ٤‫و اُل‬٣ٖٞ‫ ُز‬ٞ٣‫اٍزل‬
calligraphy ٜ‫كٖ اُق‬ stuntman )‫و‬٤ِ‫ث‬ٝ‫َ أُٔضَ (ك‬٣‫ثل‬
carpentry ‫كٖ اُ٘غبهح‬ suspense ‫ن‬٣ْٞ‫ر‬
cinematography ٠‫٘ٔبئ‬٤َُ‫و ا‬٣ٖٞ‫كٖ اُز‬ Education
embroidery ‫ي‬٣‫كٖ اُزطو‬ aware ‫اع‬ٝ
etiquette ‫ذ‬٤ٌ٤‫كٖ اإلر‬ boarding school ‫خ‬٤ِ‫ٓلهٍخ كاف‬
fine arts ‫ِخ‬٤ٔ‫ٕ ع‬ٞ٘‫ك‬ brain drain ‫خ‬٤ِٔ‫ٍ اُؼ‬ٞ‫غوح اُؼو‬ٛ
graphics ‫ي‬٤‫كٖ اُغواك‬ bringing up ‫رْ٘ئخ‬
orthography ‫غئخ‬ٜ‫ػِْ اإلٓالء واُز‬ bullying ‫ثِطغخ‬
pantomime ‫َ اُٖبٓذ‬٤‫كٖ اُزٔض‬ concentration ‫ي‬٤ً‫رو‬
photography ‫و‬٣ٖٞ‫كٖ اُز‬ core ‫اح‬ٞٗ / ‫ُت‬
sculpture ‫كٖ اُ٘ؾذ‬ corner stone ‫خ‬٣ٝ‫ؽغو اُيا‬
Cinema creative ‫ٓجلع‬
actor َ‫ٓٔض‬ cultural ٠‫صوبك‬
actress ‫ٓٔضِخ‬ curriculum ٠ٍ‫ظ كها‬ٜ٘ٓ
award ‫ٔ٘ؼ عبئيح‬٣ / ‫عبئيح‬ deterioration ‫ه‬ٞٛ‫ رل‬/ ‫رقِق‬
casting ٖ٤ِ‫به أُٔض‬٤‫افز‬ educational ٠ٔ٤ِ‫رؼ‬
celebrities ‫و‬٤ٛ‫ْٓب‬ encyclopedia ‫ػخ‬ٍٞٞٓ
censorship ‫ههبثخ‬ evaluation ْ٣ٞ‫رو‬
director ‫ٓقوط‬ faithfulness ٓ‫افال‬
location ‫و‬٣ٖٞ‫هغ ر‬ٞٓ generation َ٤‫ع‬
location (= plateau) ‫و‬٣ٖٞ‫هغ ر‬ٞٓ gestures ‫ؾبءاد‬٣‫ ا‬/ ‫ٔبءاد‬٣‫ا‬
movies ّ‫أكال‬ heritage ‫رواس‬
producer ‫ٓ٘زظ‬ inauguration ‫اكززبػ‬
publicity ‫ع‬ٞ٣‫ م‬/ ‫وح‬ّٜ innovation ‫اثزٌبه‬
scenario ٞ٣‫٘به‬٤ٍ kindergarten (KG) ‫بٗخ‬ٚ‫ؽ‬
scene ‫ل‬ْٜٓ loyalty ‫الء‬ٝ
serials ‫ََِٓالد‬ manners ‫ أفالم‬/ ‫بد‬٤ًٍِٞ
shot ِْ٤‫ ك‬٠‫ُوطخ ك‬ motives ‫اكغ‬ٝ‫ك‬
sponsor ٠‫هاػ‬ non-verbal ٠‫و ُلظ‬٤‫ؿ‬

3 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
nutrition ‫خ‬٣‫رـن‬ consume ‫ِي‬ٜ‫َز‬٣
peer ‫ ٗل‬/ ‫و‬٤‫ٗظ‬ consumer ‫ِي‬ٜ‫َٓز‬
principles ‫ء‬ٟ‫ٓجبك‬ consumption ‫الى‬ٜ‫اٍز‬
procedures ‫اعواءاد‬ corporation ‫ّوًخ‬
reforms ‫إالؽبد‬ customers ٖ‫ىثبئ‬
staff ٖ٤ِٓ‫ئخ ػب‬٤ٛ dealers ‫ ػٔالء‬/ ‫ًالء‬ٝ
strategy ‫خ‬٤‫غ‬٤‫ اٍزوار‬/ ‫فطخ‬ debtors ٕٞ٘٣‫ٓل‬
sufficiency ‫اًزلبء‬ decline ‫٘ؾله‬٣ / َ‫و‬٣
syllabus ٠ٍ‫ٓووه كها‬ discount ٘٤‫رقل‬
talented ‫ة‬ٞٛٞٓ economic ٟ‫اهزٖبك‬
UNESCO ٌَٞٗٞ٤ُ‫ٓ٘ظٔخ ا‬ economical ‫ ٓوزٖل‬/‫كو‬ٞٓ
values ‫ٔخ‬٤‫ ه‬ٝ‫ م‬/ ْ٤‫ه‬ economics ‫ػِْ اإلهزٖبك‬
verbal ٠‫ُلظ‬ economy ‫اهزٖبك‬
Economics employees ٕٞ‫ظل‬ٞٓ
accountant ‫ٓؾبٍت‬ expenses ‫ٗلوبد‬
accounts ‫ؽَبثبد‬ finance ٍ‫ٓب‬
adjustment ‫خ‬٣َٞ‫ر‬ financial ٠ُ‫ٓب‬
assets ‫ٍ٘لاد‬ fire = dismiss َٔ‫لَٖ ٖٓ اُؼ‬٣ /‫طوك‬٣
auction ‫ٓياك‬ for sale ‫غ‬٤‫ُِج‬
auctioneer ‫ أُياك‬ٟ‫ٓ٘بك‬ goods ‫بئغ‬ٚ‫ث‬
balances ‫اىٗبد‬ٞٓ gross profit ‫ اُوثؼ‬٠ُ‫اعٔب‬
bankrupt ٌِ‫ٓل‬ handmade ‫خ‬٣ٝ‫ل‬٣ ‫ٕ٘بػخ‬
bankruptcy ً‫اكال‬ hard currency ‫ػِٔخ ٕؼجخ‬
bargains ‫ٕلوبد‬ hypermarket َٓ‫ثوٓبهًذ ّب‬ٍٞ
brand ‫ٓبهًخ‬ insurance ٖ٤ٓ‫رؤ‬
budget ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫يا‬٤ٓ investment ‫اٍزضٔبه‬
capital gains or loses ‫خ‬٤ُ‫ فَبئو هأٍٔب‬ٝ‫أهثبػ أ‬ investor ‫َٓزضٔو‬
capital ٍ‫هأً أُب‬ items ‫ٍِغ‬
capitalism ‫خ‬٤ُ‫هأٍٔب‬ junk food ‫غ‬٣‫ؼبّ ٍو‬ٛ
clients ‫ػٔالء‬ labour force ‫ اُؼبِٓخ‬ٟٞ‫اُو‬
commerce ‫رغبهح‬ long-term َ‫َ األع‬٣ٞٛ
commercial ٟ‫رغبه‬ manufacture ‫ٖ٘غ‬٣

Toppers Dictionary 4
 Toppers in English
manufacturer ‫ٖٓ٘غ‬ elegance ‫أٗبهخ‬
marketing ‫ن‬٣َٞ‫ر‬ fashion designer ‫بء‬٣‫ْٖٓٔ أى‬
merchandise ‫بػخ‬ٚ‫ث‬ fashion houses ‫خ‬ُٙٞٔ‫د ا‬ٞ٤‫ث‬
monopolist ‫ٓؾزٌو‬ fashion show ‫بء‬٣‫ػوٗ أى‬
monopoly ‫اؽزٌبه‬ lenses ‫ػلٍبد‬
national income ٠ٓٞ‫اُلفَ اُو‬ mantles ‫ػجبئبد‬
nationalization ْ٤ٓ‫رؤ‬ models ‫بء‬٣‫بد أى‬ٙ‫ػبه‬
network marketing ٠ٌ‫ن ّج‬٣َٞ‫ر‬ naked ٟ‫ػبه‬
patent ‫ثواءح افزواع‬ ornaments ‫٘خ‬٣‫اد ى‬ٝ‫أك‬
prices ‫أٍؼبه‬ semi-naked ٟ‫ ػبه‬ٚ‫ّج‬
profits ‫أهثبػ‬ style ‫ة‬ٍِٞ‫أ‬
purchase ‫زبعو‬٣ stylist ٕ‫ك٘ب‬
purchaser ‫ربعو‬ synthetic ‫خ‬٤‫ٓبكح ٕ٘بػ‬
rationalization ‫ل‬٤ّ‫رو‬ tastes ‫ام‬ٝ‫أم‬
recycling ‫غ‬٤ٖ٘‫اػبكح ر‬ unique ٚ‫ كِز‬/ ‫ل‬٣‫كو‬
reduction ٘٤‫رقل‬ variety ‫ػبد‬ٞ٘ٓ
renaissance ‫خ‬ٜٚٗ wig ‫ًخ‬ٝ‫ثبه‬
revenues ‫ائل‬ٞ‫ػ‬ Government
sales ‫بد‬ٚ٤‫ رقل‬/ ‫ؼبد‬٤‫ٓج‬ adviser ‫مستشار‬
second hand َٔ‫َٓزؼ‬ alderman ‫شيخ بلد‬
shares ٍْٜ‫أ‬ ambassador ‫سفير‬
short-term َ‫و األع‬٤ٖ‫ه‬ consul ‫لنصل‬
statistics ‫بد‬٤‫اؽٖبئ‬ deputy ‫ وكيل‬/ ‫نائب‬
stock market ‫هٕخ‬ٞ‫ث‬ governorate ‫محافظ‬
taxes ‫وائت‬ٙ mayor ‫عمده‬
trade ‫زبعو‬٣ /‫رغبهح‬ minister ‫وزير‬
Fashion parliament ٕ‫ثؤُب‬
accessories ‫بد‬٤ُ‫ ًٔب‬/ ‫اهاد‬ًََٞ‫ا‬ people’s assembly ‫مجلس الشعب‬
awesome ِٛ‫ٓل‬ president ‫رئيس‬
contemporary ‫ٓؼبٕو‬ prime minister ‫رئيس الوزراء‬
cope with ‫ يواكب‬/‫و‬٣‫َب‬٣ / ٟ‫غبه‬٣ senator ‫عضو مجلس الشيوخ‬
cosmetics َ٤ٔ‫اد رغ‬ٝ‫أك‬ vice president ‫نائب الرئيس‬

5 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
History misuse ّ‫اٍبءح اٍزقلا‬
ancestors ‫ أعلاك‬/‫أٍالف‬ network ‫ّجٌخ‬
birthplace ‫ل‬ٜٓ personal computer ٠ٖ‫رو ّق‬ٞ٤‫ًٔج‬
castles ‫هالع‬ (PC)
posts ‫ اُ٘ذ‬٠ِ‫هاد ػ‬ْٞ٘ٓ
chivalry ‫خ‬٤ٍٝ‫ كو‬/ ‫بٓخ‬ّٜ privacy ‫خ‬٤ٕٖٞ‫ف‬
commemorate ٟ‫ مًو‬٠٤‫ؾ‬٣ website ‫هغ‬ٞٓ
conservancy ‫خ‬٤ٌٓٞ‫ئخ ؽ‬٤ٛ wireless ‫ ثال أٍالى‬/٠‫ائ‬ٞٛ
conservator ‫ٓؾبكع‬ Literaure
descendants ََٗ / ‫خ‬٣‫مه‬ abridgement )‫افزٖبه (ًزبة‬
fortification ٖ٤ٖ‫رؾ‬ assumption ْ‫ ىػ‬/ ٗ‫اكزوا‬
fortresses ٕٖٞ‫ؽ‬ bestseller ‫ؼـب‬٤‫األًضو ٓج‬
glory ‫ٓغل‬ climax ‫ح األؽلاس‬ٝ‫مه‬
heritage ‫رواس‬ coherence ٜ‫رواث‬
historic / historical ٠‫ق‬٣‫ربه‬ critical thinking ٟ‫و ٗول‬٤ٌ‫رل‬
invaders ‫ؿياح‬ didactic ٠ٔ٤ِ‫رؼ‬
mortal ‫فبُل‬ e-books ‫خ‬٤ٗٝ‫ًزت اٌُزو‬
nobility َ‫ٗج‬ edition ‫جؼخ‬ٛ / ‫َٗقخ‬
pre-historic ‫ـ‬٣‫ٓب هجَ اُزبه‬ epic ‫ِٓؾٔخ‬
raiders ‫ؿـياح‬ essay ‫ٓوبُخ‬
spears ‫هٓبػ‬ extract ‫ يمتبس‬/ ‫وزطق‬٣
swords ‫ف‬ٞ٤ٍ fables ‫خ‬٤‫هٖٔ فواك‬
witness to the age ‫ اُؼٖو‬٠ِ‫ل ػ‬ٛ‫ّب‬ feedback ‫خ هاعؼخ‬٣‫رـن‬
wonders ‫ػغبئت‬ fiction ٠ٖٖ‫ أكة ه‬/ ٍ‫ب‬٤‫ف‬
Internet freelance َ‫ َٓزو‬/‫ًبرت ؽو‬
administrator (admin.) )‫ (أكٖٓ اُٖلؾخ‬/ ْ‫ٓ٘ظ‬ hypothesis ٗ‫ كو‬/ٗ‫اكزوا‬
browse ‫زٖلؼ‬٣ imagination ٍ‫ب‬٤‫ف‬
communication َٕ‫ا‬ٞ‫ر‬ improvisation ٍ‫اهرغب‬
fake ‫ق‬٣‫ٓي‬ incidents ‫أؽلاس‬
phishing ٠ٗٝ‫ٖٗت اٌُزو‬ inspiration ّ‫ب‬ُٜ‫ا‬
hacker ََِ‫ ٓز‬/ ‫هوٕبٕ ٗذ‬ manuscripts ‫بد‬ٛٞ‫ٓقط‬
identity (ID) ‫خ‬٣ٞٛ masterpieces ‫ائغ‬ٝ‫ه‬
logo ‫ّؼبه‬ moral ٟ‫ٓـي‬

Toppers Dictionary 6
 Toppers in English
objective ٠‫ػ‬ٞٙٞٓ diarrhea ٍ‫ب‬ٍٜ‫ا‬
papyrus ٟ‫هم ثوك‬ٝ dissection ‫ؼ‬٣‫رْو‬
personify ‫غَل‬٣ donation ‫رجوع‬
platonic affection ٠ٗٞٛ‫ؽت أكال‬ drugs ‫ ٓقلهاد‬/ ‫خ‬٣ٝ‫ أك‬/ ‫و‬٤‫ػوبه‬
plot ‫خ‬٤ٓ‫ؽجٌخ كها‬ emergency room ‫ء‬ٟ‫اه‬ٞٛ ‫ؿوكخ‬
propensity ‫ع‬ٝ‫ ٗي‬/ َ‫ْـ‬٤‫َٓـ‬ endorphin ٖ٤‫هك‬ٝ‫ٕ اإلٗل‬ٞٓ‫و‬ٛ
public opinion ّ‫ اُؼب‬ٟ‫اُوأ‬ epidemics ‫ثئخ‬ٝ‫أ‬
reference ‫ٓوعغ‬ experiments ‫خ‬٤ِٔ‫رغبهة ٓؼ‬
spiritual strength ‫خ‬٤‫ؽ‬ٝ‫ح ه‬ٞ‫ه‬ fever ٠ٔ‫ؽ‬
stimulus ‫ ٓؾوى‬/ ‫و‬٤‫ٓض‬ hormones ‫ٗبد‬ٞٓ‫و‬ٛ
subjective ٠‫مار‬ hygiene ‫خ‬٤ٖ‫ٗظبكخ ّق‬
summary ّ‫ ٓؾبه‬/ ّ‫ٓؾو‬ immune system ‫بى أُ٘بػخ‬ٜ‫ع‬
taboo ‫َ٘ظ‬٣ incurable ٖٓ‫ ٓي‬/ ُٚ ‫ال ػالط‬
tragedy )‫ب‬٣‫ل‬٤‫ٓؤٍبح (رواع‬ indigestion ُْٜٚ‫ػَو ا‬
verbal context ‫السياق اللغوى‬ inflammation ‫بة‬ٜ‫اُز‬
Medicine injection ‫خ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫ ؽو٘خ‬/ ٖ‫ؽو‬
addict ٖٓ‫ل‬٣ intensive care ‫خ ٓوًيح‬٣‫ػ٘ب‬
addiction ٕ‫اكٓب‬ jaw )ٕ‫كي (أٍ٘ب‬
adrenaline ٖ٤ُ‫٘ب‬٣‫ٕ األكه‬ٞٓ‫و‬ٛ kidneys ٕ‫زب‬٤ِ‫ًـ‬
AIDS ‫ٓوٗ ٗؤ أُ٘بػخ‬ laboratory َٔ‫ٓؼ‬
analysis )‫لى‬٣‫(ا‬
َ٤ِ‫رؾ‬ liver ‫ًجل‬
antivenom ‫ لماح‬/ ‫بم‬٣‫ رو‬/ َٖٓ lungs ٕ‫هئزب‬
artery ٕ‫ب‬٣‫ّو‬ mania ٕٞ٘‫ ع‬/ ‫ُغ‬ٝ
backbone ٟ‫ك كوو‬ٞٔ‫ػ‬ measles ‫ؽٖجخ‬
cancer ٕ‫ب‬ٛ‫ٓوٗ اَُو‬ medicine ‫اء‬ٝ‫ ك‬/ ‫ت‬ٛ
cancerous َ‫ هبر‬/٠ٗ‫ب‬ٛ‫ٍو‬ moans )‫بد‬ٛٝ‫أٗبد ( رؤ‬
cells ‫ب‬٣‫فال‬ muscles ‫الد‬ٚ‫ػ‬
coma ‫ثخ‬ٞ‫ج‬٤‫ؿ‬ nausea ً‫ٗؼب‬
contagion ٟٝ‫ػل‬ ointment ْٛ‫ٓو‬
contagious ٟ‫ٓؼل‬ parasites ‫بد‬٤ِ٤‫ل‬ٛ
diabetes ‫ٓوٗ اٌَُو‬ pharmaceutical ٠‫ائ‬ٝ‫و ك‬ٚ‫َٓزؾ‬
diagnosis ٗ‫ٔ ُِٔو‬٤‫رْق‬ phobia ٠ٙ‫ف ٓو‬ٞ‫ف‬

7 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
pituitary gland ‫خ‬٤ٓ‫ؿلح ٗقب‬
avalanche ‫ جليدى‬/ ‫إنهيار ثلجى‬
plastic surgery َ٤ٔ‫عواؽخ رغ‬ blizzard ‫عاصفة ثلجية‬
plight ٕٞ‫بػ‬ٛ / ‫ثبء‬ٝcatastrophe ‫كارثة‬
pregnancy َٔ‫ؽ‬deforestation ‫لطع الغابات‬
pregnant َٓ‫ؽب‬
disaster ‫كارثة‬
prescription ٚ‫ّز‬ٝ‫ه‬disastrous ‫ خطير‬/‫مدمر‬
recuperation ‫خ‬ٛ‫كزوح ٗوب‬
dormancy ‫ هجوع‬/ ‫ همود‬/ ‫سكون‬
remedy ‫ػالط‬drizzle ‫رذاذ مطر‬
respiratory system ٠َ‫بى ر٘ل‬ٜ‫ع‬ earthquake ‫زلزال‬
sanitation ‫ٗظبكخ ػبٓخ‬erosion ‫ تعرية‬/ ‫تآكل‬
skin graft ‫غ‬٤‫خ روه‬٤ِٔ‫ػ‬
evergreen ‫دائم الخضرة‬
spleen ٍ‫ؾب‬ٛextinct ‫منمرض‬
stem cells ‫خ‬٤‫ب عنػ‬٣‫فال‬extinction ‫إنمراض‬
sterilization ْ٤‫رؼو‬
floods ‫فياضانات‬
surgery ‫عواؽخ‬foggy ‫كثير الضباب‬
symptoms )ٗ‫أػواٗ (ٓو‬ gale ‫ريح هوجاء‬
syrup ‫ّواة‬glacier ‫نهر جليدى‬
tablets ٓ‫أهوا‬hibernation ‫بيات شتوى‬
thyroid gland ‫خ‬٤‫ؿلح كهه‬
humidity ‫رطوبة‬
transfusion ّ‫خ ٗوَ ك‬٤ِٔ‫ػ‬
hurricane ‫إعصار‬
transplant ٞٚ‫خ ىهع ػ‬٤ِٔ‫ػ‬ landslide ‫إنزالق التربة‬
tumor ّ‫ه‬ٝ
moisture ‫رطوبة‬
vaccines ‫ ُوبؽبد‬/ ٍ‫أٖٓب‬natural ‫طبيعى‬
valves ‫ٕٔبٓبد‬ nature ‫طبيعة‬
vascular ٟ‫ل‬٣‫ه‬ٝobservatory ‫مرصد‬
vegetarian ٠‫اَٗبٕ ٗجبر‬
photosynthesis ‫عملية البناء الضوئى‬
ventilator ٠‫بى ر٘لٌ ٕ٘بػ‬ٜ‫ع‬ rainbow ‫لوس لزح‬
vessels ‫خ‬٤‫ػ‬ٝ‫أ‬
tame ‫أليف‬
vomiting ‫هئ‬
temperate ‫معتدل‬
wards ‫ أع٘ؾخ‬/ ‫ػ٘بثو‬
tornado ‫إعصار‬
11 Nature tremor ‫إهتزاز‬
anger of nature ‫ غضب الطبيعة‬tropical ‫إستوائى‬

Toppers Dictionary 8
 Toppers in English
volcano ‫بركان‬ spy / spies ‫جاسوس‬
waterfalls ‫شالالت‬ subjects ‫رعايا‬
whirlwind ‫دوامة هوائية‬ survival ‫ نجاة‬/ ‫بماء‬
wild ‫برى‬ survivors ٕٞ‫ٗبع‬
12 Peace & War treason ٠ٔ‫بٗخ ػظ‬٤‫ف‬
assassination ‫اغتيال‬ treaty ‫معاهدة‬
bombs ‫لنابل‬ truce ‫هدنة‬
campaign ‫حملة‬ victims ‫ضحايا‬
captives ‫أسرى‬ violate ‫ينتهن‬
civilians ‫مدنيين‬ violation ‫انتهان‬
comprehensive ‫شامل‬ welfare ‫رخاء‬
destructive weapons ‫أسلحة مدمرة‬ 13 Politics
epidemics ‫أوبئة‬ activist ّٜ‫ٗب‬
execution ‫إعدام‬ allies ‫ؽِلبء‬
extremism ‫تطرف‬ armed forces ‫اد َِٓؾخ‬ٞ‫ه‬
fatal / lethal ‫ لاتل‬/ ‫فتان‬ belonging ‫اٗزٔبء‬
flourish ‫يزدهر‬ conspiracy ‫ٓئآوح‬
hang ‫يشنك‬ constitution ‫ه‬ٞ‫كٍز‬
independence ‫إستمالل‬ democracy ‫خ‬٤ٛ‫هوا‬ٞٔ٣‫ك‬
lobby ‫ حزب‬/ ‫جماعة‬ democratic ٠ٛ‫هوا‬ٞٔ٣‫ك‬
luxury ‫رفاهية‬ dictatorship ‫خ‬٣‫ه‬ٞ‫ٌزبر‬٣‫ك‬
nations ‫أمم‬ diplomacy ‫خ‬٤ٍ‫ٓب‬ِٞ‫كث‬
nerds ‫ثوار‬ domination ‫طوح‬٤ٍ / ‫ٔ٘خ‬٤ٛ
peace maker ‫صانع سالم‬ elections ‫اٗزقبثبد‬
prevail ‫يسود‬ equality ‫اح‬ٝ‫َٓب‬
progress ‫تمدم‬ freedom ‫خ‬٣‫ؽو‬
prosperity ‫ازدهار‬ impartiality ‫بى‬٤‫ػلّ اٗؾ‬
rebellion / rebel ‫ يتمرد‬/‫تمرد‬ justice ‫ػلاُخ‬
refugees ‫الجئون‬ lawlessness ٠٘ٓ‫اٗلالد ا‬
resistance ‫مماومة‬ looting ‫ت‬ٜٗٝ ‫أػٔبٍ ٍِت‬
sabotage ‫يفسد‬ martyr ‫ل‬٤ّٜ
secret agent ‫عميل سرى‬ military ٟ‫ ػٌَو‬/ ٠‫ؽوث‬

9 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
national unity ‫خ‬٤٘ٛٝ ‫ؽلح‬ٝ influence = impact ‫و‬٤‫رؤص‬
negotiate ٗٝ‫لب‬٣ inhibitions ًٝ‫ٍب‬ٝ
negotiations ‫بد‬ٙٝ‫ٓلب‬ insomnia ‫أهم‬
parliament ٕ‫ثؤُب‬ mentally ill ‫ــب‬٤ِ‫٘ ػو‬٣‫ٓو‬
party ‫ؽية‬ mislead َِٚ٣
policy ‫بٍخ‬٤ٍ naive ‫ٍبمط‬
politician ٠ٍ‫ب‬٤ٍ narcissism )‫خ (ؽت اُناد‬٤َ‫ٗوع‬
politics ‫بٍخ‬٤َُ‫ػِْ ا‬ narcotics ‫ٓقلهاد‬
pro- ‫ل‬٣‫ٓئ‬ paranoia ‫اُْي‬/‫ٕ اُؼظٔخ‬ٞ٘‫ٓوٗ ع‬
public opinion ّ‫ اُؼب‬ٟ‫اُوأ‬ paranoid ‫ٕ ثبُْي‬ٞ٘‫ٓغ‬
regime ٌْ‫ٗظبّ ؽ‬ physically ill ‫ـب‬٤ٗ‫٘ ثل‬٣‫ٓو‬
rights ‫م‬ٞ‫ؽو‬ potentials ‫هلهاد ًبٓ٘خ‬
strike ‫واة‬ٙ‫ا‬ psyche ٌ‫ٗل‬
subjects ‫ب‬٣‫هػب‬ psychiatrist ٠َ‫ت ٗل‬٤‫ج‬ٛ
translucence ‫خ‬٤‫ّلبك‬ psychologist ٠َ‫ػبُْ ٗل‬
tyranny ِْ‫ظ‬ psychology ٌ‫ػِْ اُ٘ل‬
uprising ‫خ‬ٙ‫اٗزلب‬ schizophrenia ‫خ‬٤ٖ‫ٓوٗ اٗوَبّ اُْق‬
14 Psychology stubborn ‫ل‬٤٘‫ػ‬
adolescence ‫وخ‬ٛ‫كزوح أُوا‬ suicide ‫٘زؾو‬٣ / ‫اٗزؾبه‬
alienation ٠ِ‫ افزالٍ ػو‬/ ‫ػيُخ‬ super ego ٠ِ‫األٗب األػ‬
autism ‫ؽل‬ٞ‫ٓوٗ اُز‬ superficial ٠‫ٍطؾ‬
brain storm ٠٘ٛ‫اُؼٖق اُن‬ teenager ‫ن‬ٛ‫ٓوا‬
company ‫ ٕؾجخ‬/ ‫هكوخ‬ telepathy ‫اهك األكٌبه‬ٞ‫ر‬
complicated ‫ٓؼول‬ theory ‫خ‬٣‫ٗظو‬
deeds ٍ‫ أكؼب‬/ ٍ‫أػٔب‬ therapist ‫ٓؼبُظ‬
deviation ‫اٗؾواف‬ therapy ‫ػالط‬
dichotomy ّ‫اٗلٖب‬ via )‫اٍطخ‬ٞ‫ن (ث‬٣‫و‬ٛ ٖ‫ػ‬
ego ‫األٗب‬ vices َ‫همائ‬
epilepsy ‫ٕوع‬ 15 Religion
hallucination ‫ٍخ‬ِٞٛ angels ‫مالئكة‬
id )‫ (اُناد‬ُٟٜٞ‫ا‬ believers ‫مإمنون‬
identity ‫خ‬٣ٞٛ disobedient ‫عاص‬

Toppers Dictionary 10
 Toppers in English
followers ‫تابعون‬ court ‫محكمة‬
forgiveness ‫ غفران‬/ ‫عفو‬ coward ‫جبـــان‬
guidance ‫هداية‬ create a rift ‫يخلك فتنــة‬
heavenly religions ‫أديان سماوية‬ crescent ‫هالل‬
holy ‫ممدس‬ cross ‫صليب‬
messenger ‫رسول‬ crowds ‫حشود‬
obedient ‫طائع‬ curfew ‫حظر تجول‬
paganism ‫وثنية‬ current affairs ‫شئون جارية‬
pillar ‫ عمود‬/‫ركن‬ current events ‫أحداث جارية‬
pray ‫ يصلى‬/ ‫صالة‬ demands ‫مطالب‬
prophecy ‫نبوءة‬ demonstrations ‫مظاهرات‬
prophet ‫نبى‬ demonstrators ‫متظاهرون‬
repentance ‫توبــة‬ dignity ‫ كرامة‬/ ‫عزة‬
revelation ‫وحى‬ emblem = slogan ‫شعار‬
sins ‫ذنوب‬ external ‫خارجى‬
spiritual ‫روحانى‬ harassment ‫تحــرش‬
supplication ‫دعاء‬ hostages ‫رهائن‬
tolerance ‫تسامح‬ housing ‫إسكان‬
unbelievers ‫مشركون‬ innocents ‫أبرياء‬
16 Revolution internal ٠ِ‫كاف‬
abdication ‫تنحى‬ judge ‫لاض‬
authority ‫سلطة‬ legend = myth ‫أسطورة‬
bombs ‫لنابل‬ legislation ‫تشريع‬
bribe ‫رشــــوة‬ legislator ‫مشرع‬
cheers ‫هتافات‬ legitimacy ‫شرعية‬
christians ‫مسيحيون‬ living standard ‫مستوى معيشة‬
commit follies ‫يرتكب حمالات‬ majority ‫أغلبية‬
conflicts ‫صراعات‬ mass media ‫وسائل اإلعالم‬
confront to ‫يتصدى لـ‬ military coup ‫إنمالب عسكرى‬
coptics ‫ألباط‬ minority ‫أللية‬
corrupted ‫فاســـد‬ muslims ‫مسلمون‬
corruption ‫فســـــاد‬ new dawn ‫فجر جديد‬

11 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
opposition ‫ معارضة‬anthropology ‫علم دراسة اإلنسان‬
patriot ‫ وطنى‬archaeology ‫علم اآلثار‬
patriotism ‫ وطنية‬astrology ‫علم التنجيم‬
polling ‫ التراع‬astronomy ‫علم الفلن‬
poverty ‫ فمر‬bacteriology ‫علم البكتريا‬
priority ‫ أولوية‬biochemistry ‫كيمياء عضوية‬
protestors ‫ محتجون‬biology ‫علم األحياء‬
public committees ‫ لجان شعبية‬botany ‫علم النبات‬
public referendum ‫ استفتاء شعبى‬ecology ‫علم البيئة‬
put an end ‫ يضع نهاية لــ‬Egyptology ‫علم المصريات‬
ransom ‫ فديــة‬eugenics ‫علم تحسين النسل‬
recruitment ‫ توظيف‬linguistics ‫علم اللغة‬
religion ‫ دين‬neurology ‫علم األعصاب‬
religious ‫ دينى‬ornithology ‫علم الطيور‬
respond to ‫ يستجيب لـ‬pathology ‫علم أمراض الدم‬
revolution ‫ ثورة‬phonetics ‫علم الصوتيات‬
revolutionary ‫ ثورى‬physiology ‫علم الفلسفة‬
sacrifice ‫ يضحى بـ‬/ ‫ تضحية‬psychoanalysis ‫علم التحليل النفسى‬
sectarianism ‫ فتنة طائفية‬psychology ‫علم النفس‬
sects ‫ طوائف‬sociology ‫علم اإلجتماع‬
shortage ‫ نمص‬zoology ‫علم الحيوان‬
sniper ‫لناص‬ 18 Self-
social justice ‫ عدالة اجتماعية‬self- educated ‫علم نفسة بنفسه‬
solidarity ‫ تماسن‬self-abuse ‫إنهان النفس‬
targeted ‫ مستهدف‬self-centred ‫متمركز حول ذاته‬
terrorism ‫ إرهاب‬self-confident ‫الثمة بالنفس‬
terrorist ‫ إرهابى‬self-contradictory ‫تنالض النفس‬
tyranny ‫ ظلم‬self-control ‫التحكم بالنفس‬
tyrant ‫ ظالم‬self-criticism ‫النمد الذاتى‬
unite ‫ يتحد‬self-defence ‫الدفاع عن النفس‬
17 Sciences self-denial ‫إنكار الذات‬
anatomy ‫ علم التشريح‬self-employed ‫يعمل لحساب نفسه‬

Toppers Dictionary 12
 Toppers in English
self-esteem ‫اإلعتزاز بالنفس‬ jupiter ‫كوكب المشترى‬
self-expression ‫التعبير عن النفس‬ mars ‫كوكب المريخ‬
self-government ‫الحكم الذاتى‬ mercury ‫كوكب عطارد‬
selfish ‫أنانى‬ missiles ‫صواريخ‬
self-made )َٚ‫ ٗل‬٠٘‫ (ث‬٠ٓ‫ػٖب‬ orbits ‫مدارات‬
self-reliance ‫عتماد على النفس‬ )‫بنفسة‬
‫اإل‬ planets ‫كواكب‬
self-reliant ‫معتمد على نفسه‬ space agency ‫وكالة فضاء‬
self-respect ‫احترام النفس‬ space shuttle ‫مكون فضاء‬
self-rule ‫حكم ذاتى‬ space tourism ‫سياحة الفضاء‬
self-satisfied ‫الرضا عن النفس‬ venus ‫كوكب الزهرة‬
self-sufficient ً ‫مكتفى ذاتيا‬ weightless ‫بال وزن‬
self-timer ‫مإلت ذاتى‬ zero gravity ‫انعدام الجاذبية‬
19 Sea 21 Sport
caviar ‫كافيار‬
amateur ‫هاو‬
coral reefs ‫شعاب مرجانية‬ athletes ‫رياضيون‬
crabs ‫جمبرى‬ athletics ‫ألعاب لوى‬
crayfish ‫إستاكــوزا‬
audience ‫جمهور‬
creatures ‫مخلولات‬ banner holder ‫حامل الراية‬
jellyfish ‫لنديل البحر‬
behaviour ‫سلون‬
marine life ‫حياة بحرية‬bonfire ‫شعلة‬
nacre ‫عرق اللإلإ‬championship ‫بطل رياضى‬
pearls ‫لإلإ‬
coach / trainer ‫مدرب‬
school of fish ‫سرب من السمن‬ competition ‫ مسابمة‬/ ‫منافسة‬
seabed ‫لاع البحر‬
defeat ‫ يهزم‬/ ‫هزيمة‬
shrimps ‫جمبرى‬ do sports ‫يإدى رياضة‬
tide ‫المد والجذر‬
enrich )ٟ‫تثرى(رـن‬
torpedo ‫صاروخ بحرى‬ extra time ‫ولت إضافى‬
tuna ‫سمن التونة‬fair play )‫اللعب النظيف (العادل‬
20 Space fanaticism ‫التعصب‬
aliens ‫ مخلولات غريبة‬fans ‫مشجعون‬
asteroids ‫ كويكبات‬finals ‫نهائيات‬
gravity ‫ جاذبية‬goals / points ‫ نماط‬/ ‫أهداف‬

13 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
gym ‫صالة ألعاب‬ domestic tourism ‫سياحة داخلية‬
gymnast ‫العب جمبــاز‬ earner ‫جالب‬
honour ‫ يكرم‬/ ‫شرف‬ ecotourism ‫سياحة بيئيـــة‬
idealist ‫شخص مثالى‬ fine ‫ بديع‬/ ‫غرامة‬
individual ‫فردى‬ hard currency ‫عملة صعبة‬
muscles ‫عضالت‬ homesickness ‫حنين للوطن‬
physical fitness ‫ليالة بدنيـــة‬ hospitality ‫كرم الضيافة‬
professional ‫محترف‬ hostility ‫عداء‬
professionalism ‫احترافية‬ impression ‫انطباع‬
referee ‫حكم مبارة‬ mass tourism ‫سياحة جماعية‬
rivals ‫منافسون‬ migration ‫هجرة‬
set an example ‫ لدوة‬/ ‫يكون نموذ ًجا‬ monuments ‫آثار‬
solo ‫ منفرد‬/ ‫فردى‬ multinational ‫متعدد الجنسيات‬
spectators ‫مشجعون‬ national income ‫الدخل المومى‬
strip of ‫يجرد من‬ numerous ‫عديد‬
substitution ‫تبديل‬ pharaohs ‫فراعنة‬
take drugs ‫تعاطى المنشطات‬ recreation ‫ترفيه‬
tournament ‫دورة‬ residence ‫إلامة‬
training ‫تدريب‬ resort ‫ منتجع‬/‫مصيف‬
unite peoples ‫توحد الشعوب‬ safety ‫أمـــان‬
victory ‫نصر‬ security ‫أمن‬
world cup ‫كــــؤس العالم‬ sightseeing ‫زيارة المعالم السياحية‬
youth hostels ‫بيوت الشباب‬ souvenirs ‫تذكارات‬
22 Tourism surplus ‫الفائض‬
aboriginals ‫السكان األصليون‬ tourism ‫سياحة‬
attractions ‫أماكن جذب‬ tourist ‫سائح‬
attractive ‫جذاب‬ travel agency ‫وكالة سفريات‬
chalets ‫شاليهات‬ vacant ‫ فارغ‬/‫شاغر‬
civilization ‫حضارة‬ vacations ‫ أجازات‬/‫عطالت‬
cultures ‫ثمافات‬ 23 Zoology
density ‫ كثافة‬arachnids ‫عناكب‬
destination ‫ جهة الوصول‬/ ‫ ممصد‬eagle ‫صمر‬

Toppers Dictionary 14
 Toppers in English
endanger ‫معرض لخطر‬ mammals ‫ثديات‬
extinction ‫ انمراض‬/ ‫اندثار‬ rare species ‫ ساللة نادرة‬/ ‫فصيلة‬
females ‫إناث‬ reptiles ‫زواحف‬
herd of….. ‫لطيع من‬ scales ‫ حراشف‬/ ‫لشور‬
hibernation ‫بيات شتوى‬ sloth ‫حيوان الكسالن‬
instinct ‫غريزة‬ vampire ‫مصاص دماء‬

15 Toppers Dictionary
Toppers in English

Toppers Dictionary 16
 Toppers in English
abject poverty ‫كوو ٓلهغ‬ advantages ‫ياد‬٤ٔٓ
abnormal ٍٟٞ ‫و‬٤‫ ؿ‬/ ‫ّبم‬ advertisements ‫اإلػالٗبد‬
abuse ‫ء ٓؼبِٓخ‬٠َ٣ affect ٢ِ‫ئصو ػ‬٣
abuse = misuse ّ‫ء اٍزقلا‬٠َ٣ after a request from ‫ِت‬ٛ ٠ِ‫ث٘بء ػ‬
abuse of power ‫ء اٍزقلاّ اَُِطخ‬ٍٞ against ‫ل‬ٙ
accidentally ‫ثبُٖلكخ‬ age ‫اُؼٖو‬
according to ٠ِ‫ث٘بء ػ‬ aggression ‫اػزلاء‬
accountant ‫ٓؾبٍت‬ aggressive ٠ٗ‫ا‬ٝ‫ػل‬
accurate ‫ن‬٤‫كه‬ agricultural ٢‫ىهاػ‬
accurately ‫ثلهــخ‬ agricult ure ‫اُيهاػخ‬
accuse ْٜ‫ز‬٣ aid ‫ أَُبػلاد‬/ ‫ٗبد‬ٞ‫أُؼ‬
accused ْٜ‫ٓز‬ aim at ٢ُ‫لف ا‬ٜ٣
achieve ‫٘غي‬٣ /‫ؾون‬٣ aimless (adj.) ‫خ‬٣‫ ثالؿب‬/ ‫لف‬ٛ ‫ثال‬
achieve much ‫وا‬٤‫ؾون رولٓب ًج‬٣ air pollution ‫اء‬ُٜٞ‫س ا‬ِٞ‫ر‬
progress
achievement ‫اٗغبى‬ alike ‫اء‬ٍٞ ‫ ؽل‬٢ِ‫ػ‬
achieving = realizing ‫ن‬٤‫رؾو‬ all of us ‫ؼب‬٤ٔ‫ًِ٘ب ع‬
acquire knowledge ‫ٌزَت أُؼوكخ‬٣ all over the world ُْ‫غ أٗؾبء اُؼب‬٤ٔ‫ ع‬٠‫ك‬
acting upon ‫ِت‬ٛ ٠ِ‫ث٘بء ػ‬ almost ‫جـب‬٣‫روو‬
activate ْٜ٘‫ر‬ amateur ٝ‫ب‬ٛ
activists ‫اُْ٘طبء‬ ambiguity ٗٞٔ‫ؿ‬
activity ٛ‫ْٗب‬ ambiguous ٘ٓ‫ؿب‬
acts of terrorism ‫خ‬٤‫بث‬ٛ‫أػٔبٍ اه‬ ambition ‫ػ‬ٞٔٛ
acute shortage ‫ٗؤ ؽبك‬ ambitious ( adj.) ‫ػ‬ٞٔٛ َ
adapt ‫ق‬٤ٌ‫ز‬٣ among ٖٔٙ ٖٓ/ٖ٤٘‫ٖ أًضوٖٓ اص‬٤‫ث‬
adaptation ِْ‫ اُزـؤهــ‬/ ‫ق‬٤ٌ‫اُز‬ amuse ٠ِ‫َـ‬٣
addiction ٕ‫اكٓب‬ amusement ٠ٛ‫أُال‬
addressing ‫ٓؼبُغخ‬ amusement park ٠ٛ‫٘خ أُال‬٣‫ٓل‬
admit ‫ؼزوف‬٣ ancestors ‫األٍالف‬
adopt ٠٘‫زج‬٣ ancient monuments ‫ٔخ‬٣‫آصبه هل‬
advance = progress ّ‫اُزوـل‬ and vice versa ‫ؼ‬٤‫اُؼٌٌ ٕؾ‬ٝ
advanced ّ‫ٓزوـل‬ angry ‫ت‬ٙ‫ؿب‬
advanced countries ‫ٍ أُزولٓخ‬ٝ‫اُل‬ annoyed ‫ن‬٣‫ب‬ٚ‫ٓز‬

17 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
anti-regime ّ‫ل اُ٘ظب‬ٙ attention ٙ‫اٗزجب‬
antibiotic ٟٞ٤‫بك ؽ‬ٚٓ attitude ‫هق‬ٞٓ / ‫ى‬ٍِٞ
anti-Islamic ّ‫رزؼبهٗ ٓغ اإلٍال‬ attitudes ‫بد‬ٛ‫ارغب‬
anti-smoking campaign ٖ٤‫ل اُزلف‬ٙ ‫ؽِٔخ‬ attract ‫غنة‬٣
any time you wish ‫هذ رْبء‬ٝ ١‫ أ‬٢‫ك‬ attraction ‫خ‬٤‫عبمث‬
Arab affairs ‫خ‬٤‫ٕ اُؼوث‬ٞ‫اُْئ‬ attractions ‫أٓبًــٖ عنة‬
Arab common market ‫خ ْٓزوًخ‬٤‫م ػوث‬ٍٞ attractive ‫عناة‬
Arab league ‫خ‬٤‫ٍ اُؼوث‬ٝ‫عبٓؼخ اُل‬ audience ‫ه‬ٜٞٔ‫اُغ‬
Arab solidarity ٢‫بٖٓ اُؼوث‬ٚ‫اُز‬ author ‫ٓئُق‬
argument ٍ‫علا‬ authority = power ‫اَُِطخ‬
argumentative ٍ‫و ُِغل‬٤‫ٓض‬ authorized sources ‫ب‬ٜ‫م ث‬ٞ‫ص‬ٞٓ ‫ٖٓبكه‬
arise from ٖ‫ر٘غْ ػ‬ autobiography َٚ‫خ ُِْقٔ ٗل‬٤‫وح اُنار‬٤َُ‫ا‬
armed forces ‫اد أَُِؾخ‬ٞ‫اُو‬ available ‫َو‬٤ٓ / ‫كو‬ٞ‫ ٓز‬/ ‫ٓزبػ‬
arouse ‫َزؾش‬٣ /‫و‬٤‫ض‬٣ avoid ‫زغ٘ت‬٣ / ٟ‫زلبك‬٣
articles of constitution ‫ه‬ٞ‫اك اُلٍز‬ٞٓ / ‫ك‬ٞ٘‫ث‬ award ‫ٌٓبكئخ‬
artificial lake ‫خ‬٤‫وح إط٘بػ‬٤‫ثؾ‬ aware of ‫ ٓلهى‬/٠ِ‫ ٓطِغ ػ‬/ ‫اع ُـ‬ٝ
as for ‫ثبَُ٘جخ ُـ‬ awareness ‫ ٓؼوكخ‬/ ٠‫ػ‬ٝ
as much as possible ٕ‫ثوله اإلٌٓب‬ Bb
ask for an ٖ‫ؼ ػ‬ٙٞ‫َز‬٣ back to back ٢ُ‫ٓززب‬
explanation
assets ٍٕٞ‫أ‬ backward countries ‫ٍ ٓزقِلخ‬ٝ‫ك‬
astronaut ‫بء‬ٚ‫هائل ك‬ backwater ‫ك‬ًٞ‫ؽبُخ ه‬
at a rate of ٍ‫ثٔؼل‬ bail / fine ‫ ؿوآخ‬/ ‫ًلبُخ‬
at all depends ‫ف‬ٝ‫ؽَت اُظو‬ balance ٕ‫اى‬ٞ‫ر‬
at an alarming rate ‫ثٔؼلٍ ٓيػظ‬ balanced ٕ‫اى‬ٞ‫ٓز‬
at his prime ٚ‫ؼبٕ ّجبث‬٣‫ ه‬٠‫ك‬ balanced of nature ‫ئخ‬٤‫اىٕ اُج‬ٞ‫ر‬
at the age of ٍٖ ٠‫ ك‬/‫ ػٔو‬٠‫ك‬ ball ‫ؽلِخ هاهٖخ‬
at the height of his youth ٚ‫ؼبٕ ّجبث‬٣‫ ه‬٠‫ك‬ ballot box ‫م اإلهزواع‬ٝ‫ٕ٘ل‬
atmosphere ٞ‫ع‬ balloting ‫ اإلٗزقبة‬/ ‫ذ‬٣ٖٞ‫اُز‬
atomic energy ‫خ‬٣‫اُطبهخ اُنه‬ base ً‫أٍب‬
atomic waste ‫خ‬٣‫بد مه‬٣‫ٗلب‬ bases ٌٍ‫أ‬
attach ‫وكن‬٣ basis ً‫أٍب‬
attempt murder َ‫ هز‬٠‫ع ك‬ٝ‫ّو‬ battle ‫ٓؼوًخ‬

Toppers Dictionary 18
 Toppers in English
(be) away from ٖ‫ثٔؼيٍ ػ‬ book fair ‫ٓؼوٗ اٌُزبة‬
(be) best known for ‫ه ثـ‬ْٜٞٓ / ‫ف ثـ‬ٝ‫ٓؼو‬ booklet ‫ـــت‬٤‫ًـز‬
(be) in debt ٕٞ٣‫ٓل‬ borders ‫ك‬ٝ‫ؽل‬
(be) interested in ‫زْ ثـ‬ٜ‫ ر‬/ ‫ ثـ‬٢٘‫رؼ‬ bower ٠‫ل‬٣‫ؿ ه‬ًٞ / ‫ْخ‬٣‫رؼو‬
(be) keen on ٢ِ‫ؾوٓ ػ‬٣ branches ٕ‫ أؿٖب‬ٝ‫ع أ‬ٝ‫كو‬
(be) reflected on ٠ِ‫ٓ٘ؼٌٌ ػ‬ branches of ِّٞ‫أكوع اُؼ‬
beaches = sea sides ‫ئ‬ٛ‫ا‬ّٞ knowledge
break a record ‫بٍىب‬٤‫ؾطْ ههٔب ه‬٣
beauty ٍ‫اُغٔب‬ break the law ٕٞٗ‫قزوم اُوب‬٣
beauty lovers ٍ‫ػْبم اُغٔب‬ bribe ‫ح‬ّٞ‫ ه‬/ّٞ‫و‬٣
bedouins ٝ‫اُجل‬ bright ‫ ْٓوم‬/ ‫الٓغ‬
behave ‫زٖوف‬٣ / ‫َِي‬٣ brightness ‫اإلّوام‬
behaviour ‫ى‬َُِٞ‫ا‬ bright future ‫ ْٓوم‬/‫و‬ٛ‫َٓزوجَ ثب‬
believe it or not ‫ ال رٖلم‬ٝ‫ٕلم أ‬ brilliant ‫ ٗبثـخ‬/ ‫ٓزول اُنًبء‬
belonging ‫اإلٗزٔبء‬ bring up ٠‫وث‬٣
benefit ‫ل‬٤‫َزل‬٣ / ‫كبئلح‬ bring....to reason ‫اة‬ُٖٞ‫ ا‬٠ُ‫ ا‬...‫وك‬٣
benefit from ٖٓ ‫ل‬٤‫َزل‬٣ broadcast ‫غ‬٣‫ن‬٣ / ‫اماػخ‬
benefits ‫ ٓ٘بكغ‬/ ‫ائل‬ٞ‫ك‬ broaden = widen ‫ٍغ‬ٞ٣
besides ٖ‫ال ػ‬ٚ‫ ك‬/ ٠ُ‫بكخ ا‬ٙ‫ثبإل‬ brochure ‫عي‬ٞٓ ‫ ثؾش‬/ ‫خ‬٣ٞ‫ٓط‬
between ٖ٤٘‫ٖ اص‬٤‫ث‬ budget ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫يا‬٤ٓ
bilingual ‫ اُِـخ‬٠‫ صبئ‬/ ٖ٤‫ ُـز‬ٝ‫م‬ but in vain ٟٝ‫ثال عل‬
biography ‫خ ػٖ آفو‬٤‫وح اُنار‬٤َُ‫ا‬ by all means َ‫ثٌبكخ اَُجـــ‬
biology ‫بء‬٤‫ األؽ‬/ ٢‫ؼ‬٤‫ـ اُطج‬٣‫اُزبه‬ by chance ‫ثبُٖلكخ‬
bird flu ‫ه‬ٞ٤‫ٗيا اُط‬ِٞ‫اٗل‬ by nature ‫ثبُلطوح‬
birth control ََُ٘‫ل ا‬٣‫رؾل‬ by the book ‫ٔبد‬٤ِ‫ؽَت اُزؼ‬
birth planning ََُ٘‫ْ ا‬٤‫ر٘ظ‬ Cc
birth rate ‫ل‬٤ُ‫ا‬ُٞٔ‫ٓؼلٍ ا‬ call ‫ح‬ٞ‫كػ‬
blackmail ‫جزي‬٣ / ‫اثزياى‬ call for َ‫ ٖٓ أع‬ٟ‫٘بك‬٣ ٝ‫ أ‬ٞ‫لػ‬٣
blessing ‫ٗؼٔخ‬ call for help ‫ش‬٤‫َزـ‬٣
blood circulation ‫خ‬٣ٞٓ‫هح اُل‬ٝ‫اُل‬ camp ‫ ٓؼٌَو‬/ ‫ؼٌَو‬٣
blood donor ّ‫ٓزجوع ثبُل‬ campaign ‫و ؽِٔخ‬٣‫ل‬٣ / ‫ؽِٔخ‬
bombing ‫و‬٤‫رلغ‬ campus ‫ؽوّ اُغبٓؼخ‬
bondage ‫خ‬٣‫ك‬ٞ‫اُؼج‬ can’t be regained ٙ‫ٌٖٔ اٍزوكاك‬٣‫ال‬

19 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
candid ٚ٣‫ ٗي‬/‫ي‬٤‫و ٓزؾ‬٤‫ؿ‬/ ‫ؼ‬٣‫ ٕو‬citizenship ‫٘خ‬ٛ‫ا‬ٞٓ
candidate ‫ ٓوّؼ‬civil defence ٠ٗ‫اُلكبع أُل‬
care for ‫زْ ثـ‬ٜ‫ ر‬civil disobedience ٠ٗ‫بٕ ٓل‬٤ٖ‫ػ‬
career ‫٘خ‬ٜٓ civil societies ‫خ‬٤ِٛ‫بد األ‬٤‫اُغٔؼ‬
career َٔ‫ػ‬/ ‫٘خ‬ٜٓ civil war ‫خ‬٤ِٛ‫ؽوة أ‬
carelessness ٍ‫ٔب‬ٛ‫ اإل‬civilization ‫بهح‬ٚ‫اُؾ‬
caretaker government ‫خ‬٤ُ‫ٓخ اٗزوب‬ٌٞ‫ ؽ‬civilized person ‫و‬ٚ‫ّقٔ ٓزؾ‬
carry out ‫٘لن‬٣ classify ‫ٖ٘ق‬٣
cars factory ‫بهاد‬٤ٍ ‫ ٖٓ٘غ‬clear ‫ؼ‬ٙ‫ا‬ٝ
case ‫واهت‬٣ climate changes ‫خ‬٤‫واد ٓ٘بف‬٤‫رـ‬
case / issue ‫ ؽبُخ‬/ ‫خ‬٤ٚ‫ ه‬clinging ‫ رْجش‬/ ّ‫اػزٖب‬
care for
cast his vote ٚ‫ر‬ٖٞ‫ ث‬٢ُ‫ل‬٣ clinic ‫بكح‬٤‫ػ‬
catch up with ٟ‫غبه‬٣ / ‫اًت‬ٞ٣ /‫و‬٣‫َب‬٣ cloning ‫اإلٍزَ٘بؿ‬
catching cancer ٕ‫ب‬ٛ‫ اإلٕبثخ ثبَُو‬close to ٖٓ ‫ت‬٣‫هو‬
celebrate َ‫ؾزل‬٣ cold war ‫اُؾوة اُجبهكح‬
celebration ٍ‫ اؽزلب‬collapse ‫به‬ٜ٘٣
cell ‫خ‬٤ِ‫ ف‬colleague َٔ‫َ ػ‬٤ٓ‫ى‬
central security ٟ‫اد األٖٓ أُوًي‬ٞ‫ ه‬combating ‫ٌٓبكؾخ‬
forces
ceremony ٍْ‫ ٓوا‬commence = start ‫جلأ‬٣
certificate ‫بكح‬ّٜ commit ( a crime) (‫ٔخ‬٣‫ورٌت ) عو‬٣
challenges ‫بد‬٣‫ رؾل‬committee ‫ُغ٘خ‬
chance ‫ كوٕخ‬common good ّ‫اُٖبُؼ اُؼب‬
charge ‫ٔخ‬ٜ‫ ر‬common property ‫خ ْٓزوًخ‬٤ٌِٓ
charity ‫خ‬٣‫و‬٤‫خ ف‬٤‫ عٔؼ‬common responsibility ‫خ ْٓزوًخ‬٤ُٞ‫َٓئ‬
charlatanism َ‫ اُلعـ‬communicate with ‫إَ ٓغ‬ٞ‫ز‬٣
chemist ٠ُ‫ل‬٤ٕ communication ٍ‫اإلرٖب‬
chemist’s = pharmacy ‫خ‬٤ُ‫ل‬٤ٕ communism ‫شيوعية‬
childhood ‫ُخ‬ٞ‫ اُطل‬communist ٠‫ػ‬ٞ٤ّ
children with disabilities ٕٞ‫لبٍ ٓؼبه‬ٛ‫ أ‬communities ‫ٓغزٔؼبد‬
children workers ٍ‫لب‬ٛ‫ ػٔبُخ األ‬compared to ‫ثبُٔوبهٗخ ثـ‬
chill ‫ اؽَبً ثبُجوك‬compete ٌ‫٘بك‬٣
citizen ٖٛ‫ا‬ٞٓ competition ‫ٓ٘بكَخ‬

Toppers Dictionary 20
 Toppers in English
competitive ٌ‫ٓ٘بك‬ constitutional legitimacy ‫خ‬٣‫ه‬ٞ‫خ كٍز‬٤‫ّوػ‬
complain ٌْٞ٣ construct ‫ل‬٤ْ٣ / ‫ؼٔو‬٣
complaint ٌّٟٞ construction ‫اُج٘بء‬
components ‫ٗبد‬ٌٞٓ constructive (adj) ‫ث٘ــبء‬
comprehensive َٓ‫ّب‬ consult ‫و‬٤ْ‫َز‬٣
compromises ‫بد‬٣َٞ‫ر‬ consume ‫ِي‬ٜ‫َز‬٣
concentrating on ٠ِ‫ي ػ‬٤ً‫اُزو‬ consumer ‫ِي‬ٜ‫َٓز‬
conclusion ‫فبرٔخ‬ consumption ‫الى‬ٜ‫اإلٍز‬
condemn ‫َزٌ٘و‬٣ / ٖ٣‫ل‬٣ continent ‫هــبهح‬
condensed ‫ٌٓضلخ‬ contribute to ٢‫ْ ك‬ٛ‫َب‬٣ / ‫ْبهى‬٣
condition ‫خ‬٤ٚ‫ه‬ contributive to ْٛ‫َٓب‬
conference ‫ٓئرٔو‬ contribution ‫ٔخ‬ٛ‫َٓب‬
confirm ‫ئًل‬٣ contributions ‫بٓبد‬ٍٜ‫ا‬
confirmation ‫ل‬٤ً‫رؤ‬ co-operate ٕٝ‫زؼب‬٣
conflict ‫ٕواع‬ co-operation ٕٝ‫رؼب‬
confuse ‫ورجي‬٣ co-ordinate ‫َ٘ن‬٣ / ْ‫٘ظ‬٣
confused ‫ٓورجي‬ co-ordination ‫ن‬٤َ٘‫ ر‬/ ْ٤‫ر٘ظ‬
confusion ‫اهرجبى‬ cope with = catch up with ‫و‬٣‫َب‬٣
congestion ً‫اُزٌل‬ coral reefs ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫اُْؼت أُوعب‬
connection ٍ‫ارٖب‬ cornerstone ً‫ؽغو األٍب‬
connect to ‫زَٖ ثـ‬٣ corruption ‫كَبك‬
conniving ‫ء‬٠ٛ‫ا‬ٞ‫ ٓز‬/ ‫ٓزآٓو‬ courage = bravery ‫ّغبػخ‬
conquering desert ‫ اُٖؾواء‬ٝ‫ؿي‬ course ‫هح‬ٝ‫ ك‬/‫َٓبه‬
conquest ٍ‫ اؽزال‬/ ‫ كزؼ‬/ ٝ‫ؿي‬ court ‫ٓؾٌٔخ‬
consequences ‫ ٗزبئظ‬/ ‫اهت‬ٞ‫ػ‬ court martial ٟ‫ٓغٌِ ػٌَو‬
conserve ٕٖٞ٣ / ‫ؾبكع‬٣ cradle of civilization ‫بهح‬ٚ‫ل اُؾ‬ٜٓ
conserve the environment ‫ئخ‬٤‫ اُج‬٠ِ‫ؾبكع ػ‬٣ create ‫قِن‬٣
consider ‫ؼزجو‬٣ creation ‫ اثلاع‬/ ‫فِن‬
considerable ‫و ثبالػزجبه‬٣‫ عل‬/ ْٜٓ Creator ‫اُقبُن‬
consideration ‫اػزجبه‬ creature ‫م‬ِٞ‫ٓق‬
constitution ‫ه‬ٞ‫اُلٍز‬ crime ‫ٔخ‬٣‫عو‬
constitution drafting ‫ه‬ٞ‫بؿخ اُلٍز‬٤ٕ criminal ّ‫ٓغو‬

21 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
crisis ‫أىٓخ‬ deepen ‫ؼٔن‬٣
critic ‫ٗبهل‬ defalcation ّ‫ٍوهخ أُبٍ اُؼب‬
critical ‫ ؽوط‬/ٟ‫ٗول‬ defame ‫ء َُٔؼخ‬٠َ٣
critical stage ‫ٓوؽِخ ؽوعخ‬ defend ‫لاكغ‬٣
criticism ‫اُ٘ول‬ degree ‫خ‬٤ِٔ‫كهعخ ػ‬
crossroads ‫ اُطوم‬٢‫ِٓزو‬ deliver a speech ‫ فطجخ‬٠‫ِو‬٣
cruel = violent ً‫هـــب‬ delusion َ‫اُلع‬
cruelty ‫ح‬ٞ‫هَـــ‬ demand ‫ٓطِت‬
crusaders ٕٞ٤‫ج‬٤ُِٖ‫ا‬ democracy ‫خ‬٤ٛ‫ٔووا‬٣‫اُل‬
cultivation ‫ىهاػخ‬ demonstrations ‫واد‬ٛ‫أُظب‬
cultural ٢‫صوبك‬ demonstrators ٕٝ‫و‬ٛ‫أُزظب‬
cultural event ٢‫ؽلس صوبك‬ density of traffic ‫ه‬ٝ‫ًضبكخ أُو‬
culture ‫اُضوبكخ‬ dentist ٕ‫ت أٍ٘ب‬٤‫ج‬ٛ
v to be + ‫ؼل‬٣ – ‫ؼزجو‬٣
cure ‫ؼبُظ‬٣ depend on ٢ِ‫ؼزٔل ػ‬٣
considered
curfew ٍ‫ا‬ٞ‫ؽظو اُزغ‬ despotism=tyranny ‫اإلٍزجلاك‬
curriculum ٢ٍ‫ظ اُلها‬ُٜ٘ٔ‫ا‬ destiny ‫و‬٤ٖٓ
curse ‫ لعنة‬/ ‫ٗؤخ‬ destroy ‫لٓو‬٣
customs and traditions ‫ل‬٤ُ‫اُزوب‬ٝ ‫اُؼبكاد‬ destruction ‫و‬٤ٓ‫ رل‬/‫كٓبه‬
Dd detective stories ‫خ‬٤َ٤ُٞ‫اُؤٖ اُج‬
daily life ‫خ‬٤ٓٞ٤ُ‫بح ا‬٤‫اُؾ‬ determine ّ‫ؼي‬٣ / ْٖٔ٣
daily needs ‫خ‬٤ٓٞ٣ ‫بعبد‬٤‫اؽز‬ determine his fate ٙ‫و‬٤ٖٓ ‫ووه‬٣
damage ‫زِق‬٣ develop ‫ه‬ٞ‫ط‬٣ / ٢ٔ٘٣
day of rage ‫ت‬ٚ‫ّ اُـ‬ٞ٣ developed countries ‫ٍ ٓزولٓخ‬ٝ‫ك‬
deadly weapons ‫أٍِؾخ كزبًخ‬ developing countries ‫خ‬٤ٓ‫ٍ ٗب‬ٝ‫ك‬
deal with ‫زؼبَٓ ٓغ‬٣ development ‫و‬٣ٞ‫ رط‬/ ‫خ‬٤ٔ٘‫ر‬
dealing with ‫اُزؼبَٓ ٓغ‬ deviation ‫اٗؾواف‬
decide on ‫ؾلك‬٣ /‫قزبه‬٣ device ‫أكاح‬
decide to ٕ‫ووه أ‬٣ differences ‫فالكبد‬
decision makers ‫ٕ٘بع اُوواه‬ digest ْٜٚ٣ / ‫ػت‬ٞ‫َز‬٣
decisive steps ‫اد ؽبٍٔخ‬ٞ‫فط‬ dignity ‫ًوآخ‬
decrease = redce َ‫و‬٣ dilemma=fix=plight ‫خ‬ٛ‫ه‬ٝ
deeds ٍ‫أػٔب‬ disabled children ٕٞ‫لبٍ أُؼبه‬ٛ‫األ‬

Toppers Dictionary 22
 Toppers in English
disadvantages ‫ة‬ٞ٤‫ػ‬ drug trafficker ‫وة ٓقلهاد‬ٜٓ
disappointed ٜ‫ٓؾج‬ drug user ‫ ٓقلهاد‬٠ٛ‫ٓزؼب‬
disaster ‫ًبهصخ‬ drugs ‫و‬٤‫اُؼوبه‬
disease ٗ‫ٓو‬ due to = because of ‫ثَجت‬
disorder ٠ٙٞ‫ك‬ duty ‫اعت‬ٝ
dispute ‫ٗياع‬ Ee
disrupt َ‫ؼط‬٣ / ‫يػظ‬٣ each of us ‫ًَ ٓ٘ب‬
dissatisfaction ‫ب‬ٙ‫ػلّ اُو‬ earner َ‫ػبئــ‬
dissolve the parliament ٕ‫ؾَ اُجؤُب‬٣ earn his living ٚٓٞ٣ ‫د‬ٞ‫ٌَت ه‬٣
distinguish ‫ي‬٤ٔ٣ earthquake ٍ‫ىُيا‬
distinguished ‫ي‬٤ٔٓ economic ١‫اهزٖبك‬
distribute ‫ىع‬ٞ٣ economic conference ٟ‫ٓئرٔو اهزٖبك‬
distribution ‫غ‬٣‫ى‬ٞ‫ر‬ economic forum ١‫ اإلهزٖبك‬ٟ‫أُ٘زل‬
do….best ٙ‫ل‬ٜ‫ ع‬ٟ‫جنٍ هٖبه‬٣ economic program ٟ‫ثوٗبٓظ اهزٖبك‬
do a show ٗ‫ولّ ػو‬٣ economic reform ١‫اإلٕالػ اإلهزٖبك‬
do architecture ‫خ‬٣‫٘لٍخ أُؼٔبه‬ُٜ‫لهً ا‬٣ economic reform ‫ثوٗبٓظ اإلٕالػ‬
do the laundry َ٤َ‫ّ ثبُـ‬ٞ‫و‬٣ programme (car..)
economical ‫ٓوزٖل‬ ١‫االهزٖبك‬
/ ‫كو‬ٞٓ
do without ٖ‫ ػ‬٠٘‫َزـ‬٣ economist ‫ػبُْ اهزٖبك‬
documents ‫صبئن‬ٝ economize on ٢‫وزٖل ك‬٣
domination ‫طوح‬٤ٍ economy ‫اهزٖبك‬
donate ‫ت‬ٛٝ eco-tourism ‫خ‬٤‫ئ‬٤‫بؽخ اُج‬٤َُ‫ا‬
donors ٕٞ‫أُزجوػ‬ edge ‫ؽبكخ‬
don't imagine ‫ــب‬٤ُ‫ب‬٤‫الرٌٖ ف‬ editor-in-chief ‫و‬٣‫ٌ اُزؾو‬٤‫هئ‬
double ‫بػق‬ٚ٣ educated ِْ‫ٓزؼ‬
double-edged weapon ٖ٣‫ ؽل‬ٝ‫ٍالػ م‬ education ْ٤ِ‫اُزؼ‬
double-faced persons ٕٞ‫أُ٘بكو‬ education aids ‫خ‬٤ٔ٤ِ‫ٍبئَ اُزؼ‬ُٞ‫ا‬
downstream ‫ٍ أُٖت‬ٝ‫ك‬ education for all ‫غ‬٤ٔ‫ْ ُِغ‬٤ِ‫اُزؼ‬
countries
draft ‫ع‬ٝ‫ ْٓو‬/ ‫كح‬َٞٓ effect on ‫و‬٤‫رؤص‬
droplets ‫همام‬ effective means ‫ِخ كؼبُخ‬٤ٍٝ
droppers out ْ٤ِ‫ٕ ٖٓ اُزؼ‬ٞ‫أُزَوث‬ efficiency ‫ًلبءح‬
dropping out ‫اُزَوة ٖٓ أُلهٍخ‬ efficient ‫ًقء‬
drug addiction ‫اكٓبٕ أُقلهاد‬ efforts ‫ك‬ٜٞ‫ع‬

23 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
Egypt was exposed to ‫ذ ٖٓو‬ٙ‫ رؼو‬equally ٟٝ‫ثبُزَب‬
Egyptian intelligence bureau ‫ انًخابراث انًصريت‬equipment ‫أُؼلاد‬
eid el adha ٠‫ؾ‬ٙ‫ل اال‬٤‫ ػ‬erect ‫ل‬٤‫ْــ‬٣
eid el fitre ‫ل اُلطو‬٤‫ ػ‬err ‫قطئ‬٣
elections ‫ اٗزقبثبد‬escaping = running away ٖٓ ‫وثـب‬ٛ
electric sets ‫خ‬٤‫وثبئ‬ٌُٜ‫يح ا‬ٜ‫ األع‬essential ٟ‫ه‬ٝ‫و‬ٙ / ٠ٍ‫ أٍب‬/ ْٜٓ
elements ‫ ػ٘بٕو‬essential matter ٟٞ٤‫ع ؽ‬ٞٙٞٓ
eliminate pollution ‫س‬ِٞ‫زقِٔ ٖٓ اُز‬٣ event ‫ؽلس‬
emancipation ‫و‬٣‫ رؾو‬everlasting peace ْ‫ٍالّ كائ‬
emergency ‫ء‬ٟ‫اه‬ٞٛ ‫ ؽبُخ‬every now and then ‫فو‬٥ ٖ٤‫ٖٓ ؽ‬
emergency law ‫ء‬ٟ‫اه‬ٞ‫ٕ اُط‬ٞٗ‫ هب‬evidence = proof ٕ‫ب‬ٛ‫ ثو‬/َ٤ُ‫ك‬
emergency meeting ‫ء‬ٟ‫به‬ٛ ‫ اعزٔبع‬evil ‫ّو‬
emotion ‫لخ‬ٛ‫ ػب‬examine ٔ‫لؾ‬٣
emotional ٠‫ل‬ٛ‫ ػب‬example to ‫ح ُـ‬ٝ‫هل‬
emotions ‫ ْٓبػو‬exceed ١‫زؼل‬٣
employees ٕٞ‫ظل‬ٞٓ excellence ‫ هكؼخ‬/ ‫م‬ٞ‫رل‬
employment ‫ق‬٤‫ظ‬ٞ‫ اُز‬exciting matter ‫ٓبكح ُإلصبهح‬
enable...to... ٖٓ ٖ‫ٌٔـ‬٣ exert ٍ‫جن‬٣
encourage ‫ْغغ‬٣ exert great efforts ‫ٔخ‬٤‫ك ػظ‬ٜٞ‫جنٍ ع‬٣
encourage youth ‫غ اُْجبة‬٤‫ رْغ‬exhaust ‫ي‬ٜ٘٣ / ‫َز٘يف‬٣
end the sit-ins and strikes ‫واثبد‬ٙ‫اإل‬ٝ ‫ ك٘ اإلػزٖبٓبد‬exhaust fumes ّ‫أكف٘خ اُؼبك‬
endangered ٗ‫لك ثبإلٗووا‬ٜٓ experience ‫فجوح‬
endemic ٖٓ‫ ٓوٗ ٓي‬experiences ‫بح‬٤‫ رغبهة اُؾ‬/ ‫فجواد‬
enemy ٝ‫ اُؼل‬expert ‫و‬٤‫فج‬
engaged in ٠‫ ك‬ٛ‫ه‬ٞ‫ ٓز‬expertise ‫فجوح‬
enrich ١‫ضو‬٣ explosion ‫اٗلغبه‬
enrichment َ٣ٞٔ‫ ر‬/ ‫ اصواء‬export ‫ٖله‬٣
enterprises ‫ػبد‬ٝ‫ ْٓو‬express ٖ‫ؼجو ػ‬٣
environment ‫ئخ‬٤‫ اُج‬extra ٠‫بك‬ٙ‫ا‬
environmental ٢‫ئ‬٤‫ ث‬extravagancy ‫إسراف‬
envy ‫ اُؾَل‬extravagant ‫مسرف‬
epidemic ‫ثــبء‬ٝ extremism ‫رطـوف‬

Toppers Dictionary 24
 Toppers in English
Ff fever ٠ٔ‫ؽ‬
fable ‫اُقواكخ‬ feverish ّٞٔ‫ٓؾ‬
face ٚ‫اع‬ٞ٣ field ٍ‫ٓغب‬
face to face ٚ‫ع‬ُٞ ‫ـب‬ٜ‫ع‬ٝ fight ‫ؾبهة‬٣
facilities ‫الد‬٤َٜ‫ر‬ find a replacement ‫ال ُـ‬٣‫غل ثل‬٣
factions ‫ عٔبػبد‬/‫ ىٓوح‬/ ‫ائق‬ٞٛ for
fine weather ‫ هائغ‬ٞ‫ع‬
factors َٓ‫ا‬ٞ‫ػ‬ fire = dismiss َٔ‫لَٖ ٖٓ اُؼ‬٣ /‫طوك‬٣
faculty of commerce ‫خ اُزغبهح‬٤ًِ fireworks ‫خ‬٣‫أُؼبة ٗبه‬
faculty = college ‫خ‬٤ًِ firm ّ‫ ٕبه‬/ ّ‫ؽبى‬
failure َْ‫اُل‬ firm actions ‫اعواءاد ؽبىٓخ‬
fair = just ٍ‫ػبك‬ fishy ‫ح‬ٞ‫ ْٓج‬/ ‫جخ‬٣‫أػٔبٍ ٓو‬
fair peace ٍ‫اَُالّ اُؼبك‬ fit ‫ب‬٤ٗ‫الئن عَٔب‬
fair wages ‫ه ػبكُخ‬ٞ‫أع‬ flee -fled -fled ‫يهرب‬
fairground ٗ‫أهٗ أُؼبه‬ flood ٕ‫كب‬ٞٛ / ٕ‫ب‬ٚ٤‫ك‬
fairness = justice ٍ‫اُؼل‬ flourish ‫به‬ٛ‫ اىك‬/‫و‬ٛ‫يك‬٣
fair copy )‫اَُ٘قخ أُ٘وؾخ (ٌُزبة‬ flow of traffic ‫ه‬ٝ‫بة أُو‬٤َٗ‫ا‬
faithful = sincere ِٔ‫ٓق‬ fly-over bridges ‫خ‬٣ِٞ‫ ػ‬ٟ‫ًجبه‬
fall-back pay ‫اػبٗخ ثطبُخ‬ flyovers ‫خ‬٣ِٞ‫ ػ‬ٟ‫ًجبه‬
family planning ‫ْ االٍوح‬٤‫ر٘ظ‬ focus on ٠ِ‫وًي ػ‬٣
famine = starvation ‫ٓغبػخ‬ follow the steps ‫ظ‬ٜٗ / ‫اد‬ٞ‫زجغ فط‬٣
fanatic ‫ٓزؼٖت‬ following the example of ‫ح ثـ‬ٍٞ‫أ‬
fanaticism ‫اُزؼٖت‬ food crisis ‫أىٓخ اُـناء‬
fancy = imagine َ٤‫زق‬٣ food production ٢‫اإلٗزبط اُـنائ‬
farming ‫ىهاػخ‬ food security ٠‫األٖٓ اُـنائ‬
fasten the seatbelt ٕ‫ ؽياّ األٓب‬ٜ‫وث‬٣ food shortage ّ‫ٗؤ اُطؼب‬
fatal (adj.) َ‫ هبر‬/ ‫ذ‬٤ٔٓ foot and mouth ‫خ‬٤‫ اُوالػ‬٠ٔ‫اُؾ‬
fatal diseases ‫أٓواٗ كزبًخ‬ disease
for all peoples ‫ة‬ٞ‫غ اُْؼ‬٤ٔ‫ُغ‬
fate ‫ هله‬/ ‫و‬٤ٖٓ for all that ‫ٓغ ًَ مُي‬
fear = horror = terror ‫ف‬ٞ‫ ف‬/ ‫هػت‬ for better, for worse ‫واء‬ُٚ‫ا‬ٝ ‫ اَُواء‬٠‫ك‬
feast ‫ٔخ‬٤ُٝ / ‫ل‬٤‫ػ‬ for instance ٍ‫َ أُضب‬٤‫ ٍج‬٢ِ‫ػ‬
‫واء‬ُٚ‫ا‬ٝ ‫ اَُواء‬٢‫ك‬
feel at ease ‫ْؼو ثبُواؽخ‬٣ for my sake ٟ‫و‬ٛ‫ألعَ فب‬
festival ٕ‫وعب‬ٜٓ / ٍ‫اؽزلب‬ for the good of ‫ُٖبُؼ‬

25 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
for the sake of world peace ‫ين أجم انسالو انعا نًي‬ Gg
foreign agents ‫ػٔالء أعبٗت‬ gain ‫ٌزَت‬٣
foreign exchange ٢‫كفَ اُزجبكٍ اُقبهع‬ gain people’s respect ُْ‫ٌَت اؽزواّ اُؼب‬٣
income
foreign investment ٠‫االٍزضٔبه األع٘ج‬ galaxy ‫ٓغوح‬
foreign languages ‫خ‬٤‫ُـبد أع٘ج‬ game reserves ‫خ‬٤‫ؼ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫بد‬٤ٔ‫ٓؾ‬
forger ‫ق‬٣‫ ٓي‬/ ‫ه‬ٝ‫ٓي‬ gap ‫ح‬ٞ‫كغ‬
forgive ٖ‫ ػ‬ٞ‫ؼل‬٣ general education ّ‫ْ ػب‬٤ِ‫رؼ‬
forgiveness ٞ‫اُؼل‬ generate ‫٘زظ‬٣ / ‫ُل‬ٞ‫ر‬
form ٌٕٞ‫ـ‬٣ / َ‫ـٌْـ‬٣ generations ٍ‫ب‬٤‫أع‬
former president ‫ٌ اَُبثن‬٤‫اُوئ‬ generous ْ٣‫ًو‬
fortify ٖٖ‫ؾ‬٣ germs ْ٤‫عواص‬
forts ‫هالع‬ get in touch with ‫ ارٖبٍ ٓغ‬٠ِ‫ ػ‬٠‫جو‬٣
forum ٟ‫ٓ٘زل‬ get out of ‫زـِت‬٣
forwardness ‫ ٓزولٓخ‬ُٚ‫ؽب‬ get rid of ٖٓ ِٔ‫زق‬٣
found -ed -ed ٌٍ‫ئ‬٣ give a hand to ‫ٕ ُـ‬ٞ‫ل اُؼ‬٣ ‫ٔل‬٣
foundation ‫ٓئٍَخ‬ give a lift ‫بهح‬٤َ‫َٕ ث‬ٞ٣
free education ٠ٗ‫ْ ٓغب‬٤ِ‫رؼ‬ give his name ٠ِ‫ ػ‬ٍٚٔ‫طِن ا‬٣
free of ٖٓ ‫خ‬٤ُ‫فب‬ give priority ‫خ‬٣ُٞٝ‫ األ‬٠‫ؼط‬٣
free time = spare time ‫هذ اُلواؽ‬ٝ global commerce ‫خ‬٤ُٔ‫اُزغبهح اُؼب‬
free trade area ‫ٓ٘طوخ اُزغبهح اُؾوح‬ global economy ٢ُٔ‫اإلهزٖبك اُؼب‬
freedom ‫خ‬٣‫ؽو‬ global warming ٟ‫اإلؽزجبً اُؾواه‬
freedom of expression ‫و‬٤‫خ اُزؼج‬٣‫ؽو‬ globalization ‫ُٔخ‬ٞ‫اُؼ‬
freelance َ‫ َٓزو‬/‫ؽو‬ globe ‫خ‬٤ٙ‫اٌُوح األه‬
from now on ‫ٕ كٖبػلا‬٥‫ٖٓ ا‬ gloomy (adj.) ‫ت‬٤‫ًئ‬
from the first glance ٠ُٝ٥‫ٖٓ أُِؾخ ا‬ glory ‫أُغل‬
Fruitful efforts ‫ك ٓضٔوح‬ٜٞ‫ع‬ go off to sleep ُِّٞ٘ ‫قِل‬٣
fulfill ‫كبء‬ُٞ‫ ا‬/ ٠‫ل‬٣ go on sale ‫غ‬٤‫ؼوٗ ُِج‬٣
full funding َٓ‫كػْ ًب‬ go over ‫زٖلؼ‬٣
full judicial َٓ‫ ًب‬٢‫بئ‬ٚ‫اّواف ه‬ go wrong ‫لَل‬٣ / ًَ‫ؾلس ْٓب‬٣
supervision
fungi ‫بد‬٣‫كطو‬ good ‫و‬٤‫اُق‬
furious ‫ت علا‬ٙ‫ ؿب‬/ ‫صبئو‬ good and evil ‫اُْو‬ٝ ‫و‬٤‫اُق‬
fury = rage = anger ‫ت‬ٚ‫ؿ‬ good citizen ‫ٖ ٕبُؼ‬ٛ‫ا‬ٞٓ

Toppers Dictionary 26
 Toppers in English
good fame ‫لح‬٤‫ ع‬ٚ‫ ٍٔؼ‬heavenly religions ‫خ‬٣ٝ‫بٕ أَُب‬٣‫األك‬
good manners ‫لح‬٤ٔ‫ األفالم اُؾ‬hence= so= therefore ‫ ين ثى‬/ ‫ ين هنا‬/ ‫بناء عهي هذا‬
good morals (ethics) ‫لح‬٤ٔ‫ األفالم اُؾ‬herbal medicine ‫اُؼالط ثبألػْبة‬
good witness to ‫ل ُـ‬ٛ‫و ّب‬٤‫ ف‬heritage ‫اُزواس‬
governmental jobs ‫خ‬٤ٌٓٞ‫ظبئق ؽ‬ٝ hesitate ‫زوكك‬٣
graduate ‫ظ‬٣‫ فو‬/ ‫زقوط‬٣ hibernate ٟٞ‫بد اُْز‬٤‫ّ ثبُج‬ٞ‫و‬٣
graduate from ٖٓ ‫زقوط‬٣ higher studies ‫ــب‬٤ِ‫كهاٍبد ػ‬
graduation ‫ اُزقوط‬hijack ‫بئوح‬ٛ ‫قطق‬٣
great profit ‫وح‬٤‫ كبئلح (هثؼ) ًج‬hold a banner ‫خ‬٣‫ؾَٔ اُوا‬٣
green house ‫خ‬٤‫ثخ ىهاػ‬ٕٞ hold a referendum ‫ اٍزلزبء‬ٟ‫غو‬٣
guest ‫ق‬٤ٙ hold demonstrations ‫و‬ٛ‫زظب‬٣ / ‫واد‬ٛ‫ّ ثبُٔظب‬ٞ‫و‬٣
guilty ‫ ٓنٗت‬hold great promises ٍ‫ٓب‬٥‫خ ا‬٤ِ‫ؼول ػ‬٣
Hh hold -held -held ‫ؼول‬٣
habitat ٌٍٖ / ٖٛٞٓ homeless ٟٝ‫ ثال ٓب‬/‫ٓزْوك‬
hand over power ‫َِْ اَُِطخ‬٣ homesick ُِٖٛٞ ‫ْٓزبم‬
handcuffs ‫ ًالثْبد‬homesickness ُِٖٛٞ ٖ٤٘‫اُؾ‬
handicapped ‫ ٓـؼبم‬honour ‫ ّوف‬/ ْ٣‫ رٌو‬/ ّ‫ٌو‬٣
hang up the clothes ٌ‫ؼِـن أُالث‬٣ hooked ٖٓ‫ٓل‬
hard currency ‫ ػِٔخ ٕؼجخ‬horizons ‫آكـــبم‬
hard work ‫ ػَٔ ّبم‬hospitable ‫بف‬٤ٚٓ
hardships ‫ثبد‬ٞ‫ ٕؼ‬hospitality ‫بكخ‬٤ُٚ‫ؽَٖ ا‬
haters and traitors ‫ٗخ‬ٞ‫اُق‬ٝ ٕٝ‫ اُؾبهل‬hostages ٖ‫بئــــ‬ٛ‫ه‬
have a chance ‫خ كوٕخ‬٣‫ ُل‬housing problem ٕ‫ٌِْٓخ اإلٌٍب‬
have got a degree in ٢‫َ ك‬ٛ‫ ٓئ‬٠ِ‫ ؽبَٕ ػ‬human ١‫ ثْو‬/ ٢ٗ‫اَٗب‬
havoc ‫ فواة‬/ ‫ كٓبه‬human beings ‫اُجْو‬
head person of ٖ‫ٍ ػ‬ٞ‫ أَُئ‬human instinct ‫خ‬٣‫ كطوح ثْو‬/ ‫يح‬٣‫ؿو‬
headline ٠َ٤‫إ هئ‬ٞ٘‫ ػ‬/ ‫ذ‬٤ْٗ‫ ٓب‬human race ٟ‫ اُغٌ٘ اُجْو‬/ ‫خ‬٣‫اُجْو‬
heal ْ‫ِزئ‬٣ human resources ‫خ‬٣‫اهك اُجْو‬ُٞٔ‫ا‬
healing element ٠‫ ػٖ٘و ػالع‬human rights ٕ‫م اإلَٗب‬ٞ‫ؽو‬
health awareness ٠‫ اُٖؾ‬٠‫ػ‬ُٞ‫ ا‬humanitarian aid ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫َٓبػلح اَٗب‬
health centre ٠‫ ٓوًي ٕؾ‬humanity ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ اإلَٗب‬/ ‫خ‬٣‫اُجْو‬
healthcare ‫خ‬٤‫خ اُٖؾ‬٣‫ اُوػب‬hydroponics ‫ٕ روثخ‬ٝ‫ىهاػخ اُ٘جبربد ثل‬

27 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
hygiene ‫خ‬٤ٖ‫اُ٘ظبكخ اُْق‬ improvements ‫٘بد‬٤َ‫رؾ‬
hyper- ‫جب‬٣‫روو‬ in all aspects ‫اٗت‬ٞ‫ ًبكخ اُغ‬٠‫ك‬
hypo- ٘‫ ٓ٘قل‬٠٘‫ثبكئخ ثٔؼ‬ in all fields of life ‫بح‬٤‫ ًبكخ ٓغبالد اُؾ‬٠‫ك‬
hypocrisy ‫نفـــاق‬ in all its forms/shapes ُٚ‫ أٌّب‬/ ٙ‫ه‬ٕٞ ٌَ‫ث‬
hypocrite ‫منافــــك‬ in another way ٟ‫وخ أفو‬٣‫ثطو‬
Ii in any way ٌَّ ٟ‫ثؤ‬
ideal ٢ُ‫ٓضب‬ in charge of ٖ‫ٍ ػ‬ٞ‫َٓئ‬
idealism ‫خ‬٤ُ‫أُضب‬ in contact with ‫ ارٖبٍ ثـ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
identify ‫ؾلك‬٣ / ٠ِ‫زؼوف ػ‬٣ in co-operation ‫ٕ ٓغ‬ٝ‫ثبُزؼب‬
If exploited well ‫ب‬ُٜ‫ أؽَٖ اٍزـال‬ُٞ with
in defence ٖ‫ككبػـــب ػ‬
ignorance = illiteracy ‫خ‬٤ٓ‫ أ‬/ َٜ‫ع‬ in detail َ٤ٖ‫ثبُزل‬
ignorant = illiterate ٠ٓ‫ أ‬/ َٛ‫عب‬ in different ways ‫ اُطوم‬٠‫ثْز‬
ill-effects ‫بهح‬ُٚ‫صبه ا‬٥‫ا‬ in enriching ‫ اصواء‬٠‫ك‬
illegal immigration ‫خ‬٤‫و اُْوػ‬٤‫غوح ؿ‬ُٜ‫ا‬ in favour of ‫ل ُـ‬٣‫ ٓئ‬/ ‫ُٖبُؼ‬
Illegal migration ‫خ‬٤‫و ّوػ‬٤‫ ؿ‬ٙ‫غو‬ٛ in forming of ٖ٣ٌٞ‫ر‬
illiteracy ‫خ‬٤ٓ‫األ‬ in general ‫ٓــب‬ٞٔ‫ ػ‬/ ّٞٔ‫ اُؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
illiteracy abolishing ‫خ‬٤ٓ‫ األ‬ٞ‫ٓؾ‬ in great need of ٠ُ‫ ؽبعخ ٓبٍخ ا‬٠‫ك‬
illiteracy and ignorance َٜ‫اُغ‬ٝ ‫خ‬٤ٓ‫األ‬ in other words ‫ آفو‬٢٘‫ثٔؼ‬
illiterate ٠ٓ‫ أ‬/ َٛ‫عب‬ in reason ٍٞ‫ك أُؼو‬ٝ‫ ؽل‬٠‫ك‬
illness = sickness ٗ‫ٓو‬ in recognition of ‫وا ُـ‬٣‫رول‬
illustrate ‫ؼ‬ٙٞ٣ / ‫لَو‬٣ in the press ‫ اُٖؾبكخ‬٠‫ك‬
imaginative ٢ُ‫ب‬٤‫ف‬ in this age ‫نا اُؼٖو‬ٛ ٠‫ك‬
immense ْ‫ق‬ٙ / َ‫بئ‬ٛ in trouble ‫ ٓؤىم‬٠‫ك‬
immoral ٠‫و أفاله‬٤‫ؿ‬ in what way…? ‫وخ؟‬٣‫و‬ٛ ٟ‫ ثؤ‬/ ‫ثٔبما‬
immortal ٟ‫ ٍوٓل‬/ ‫فبُل‬ inauguration ‫اكززبػ‬
import ‫هك‬ٞ‫َز‬٣ include ٖٔٚ‫ز‬٣ / ٠ِ‫ْزَٔ ػ‬٣
importance ‫خ‬٤ٔٛ‫األ‬ increase in ٠‫يكاك ك‬٣ / ٢‫بكح ك‬٣‫ى‬
important ْٜٓ increasing ‫بكح اإلٗزبط‬٣‫ى‬
imported products ‫هكح‬ٞ‫أُ٘زغبد أَُز‬ production
incredible ‫ٖلم‬٣ ‫ال‬
imports # exports ‫ اُٖبكهاد‬# ‫اهكاد‬ُٞ‫ا‬ indicate ‫ؼ‬ٙٞ٣
impose ٗ‫لو‬٣ indispensable ٚ٘‫ٌٖٔ اإلٍزـ٘بء ػ‬٣ ‫ال‬
impose restrictions to ٠ِ‫كا ػ‬ٞ٤‫غ ه‬ٚ٣ / ٗ‫لو‬٣ individuals ‫األكواك‬

Toppers Dictionary 28
 Toppers in English
industrial projects ‫خ‬٤‫ػبد ٕ٘بػ‬ٝ‫ْٓو‬ intolerant ‫ ٓزؼٖت‬/ ‫و ٓزَبٓؼ‬٤‫ؿ‬
industry/manufacture ‫اُٖ٘بػخ‬ invade ٝ‫ ؿي‬/ ٝ‫ـي‬٣
inexperience ‫ٗؤ اُقجوح‬ invading ٝ‫ؿي‬
infancy ‫ُخ‬ٞ‫اُطل‬ invention ‫افزواع‬
infancy = childhood ‫ُخ‬ٞ‫ل‬ٛ invest ‫َزضٔو‬٣
infect ١‫ؼل‬٣ investigation ‫ن‬٤‫ رؾو‬/ ٟ‫رؾو‬
infected ‫ ٖٓبة‬/ ٟ‫ٓؼل‬ investment ‫اٍزضٔبه‬
infection ٟٝ‫ػل‬ investors ٕٝ‫َٓزضٔو‬
infectious disease ٟ‫ٓوٗ ٓؼل‬ iron fist ‫خ‬٣‫ل‬٣‫خ ؽل‬ٚ‫هج‬
influence ‫و‬٤‫رؤص‬ isolate ٍ‫ؼي‬٣
information ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ؽٔالد اػال‬ isolated ٍ‫ٓ٘ؼي‬
campaigns
infrastructure ‫خ‬٤‫خ اُزؾز‬٤٘‫اُج‬ isolation ‫ػيُخ‬
inhuman practices ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫واَٗب‬٤‫ٓٔبهٍبد ؿ‬ issue ‫خ‬٤ٚ‫ه‬
initiative ‫ٓجبكهح‬ It all depends ‫ف‬ٝ‫ ؽَت اُظو‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
injustice ِْ‫اُظ‬ It is thoughtful of you ٕ‫ت ٓ٘ي أ‬٤ٛ ‫ه‬ٞ‫ ُْؼ‬ٚٗ‫ا‬
injustice and tyranny ‫اإلٍزجلاك‬ٝ ِْ‫اُظ‬ to
It is to your interest ‫ ٖٓ ِٖٓؾزي‬ٚٗ‫ا‬
in-line-skate ‫زيُظ ثؾناء ٖٓ ػغالد‬٣ It stands to reason ٕ‫ أ‬٠ٜ٣‫ٖٓ اُجل‬
innocent ‫ء‬ٟ‫ثو‬ that a mess
It’s ٠ٙٞ‫ب ك‬ٜٗ‫ ا‬/ ‫ ػجش‬ٚٗ‫ا‬
innovation ‫اإلثلاع‬ It’s a must to ٕ‫ أ‬ٟ‫ه‬ٝ‫و‬ُٚ‫ ٖٓ ا‬ٚٗ‫ا‬
insecticide ٟ‫ل ؽْو‬٤‫ٓج‬ It’s my treat ٠‫ ؽَبث‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
inspection ِ٤‫رلز‬ It’s no good ‫ال كبئلح‬
institute ‫ل‬ٜ‫ٓؼ‬ It’s no use ‫٘بى كبئلح‬ٛ ٌ٤ُ
integrated system ‫ٓخ ٓزٌبِٓخ‬ٞ‫ٓ٘ظ‬ It’s of no importance ‫خ ُـ‬٤ٔٛ‫٘بى أ‬ٛ ٌ٤ُ
integration َٓ‫اُزٌب‬ It’s scary ‫ق‬٤‫ ٓق‬ٚٗ‫ا‬
intelligent ٠ً‫م‬ It’s time for ‫هذ ُـ‬ُٞ‫ؽبٕ ا‬
interests of the people ‫ٖٓبُؼ اُْؼت‬ Jj
interfere ‫و‬٤‫ٕ اُـ‬ٞ‫ ّئ‬٠‫زلفَ ك‬٣ jealous ‫ه‬ٞ٤‫ؿ‬
interference َ‫اُزلف‬ jealousy ‫وح‬٤‫ؿ‬
internal issues ‫خ‬٤ِ‫ب اُلاف‬٣‫ب‬ٚ‫اُو‬ jellyfish ‫َ اُجؾو‬٣‫ه٘ل‬
international ٢ُٔ‫خػب‬٤‫اُقبهع‬
/ ٢ُٝ‫ك‬ Jewish ٟ‫ك‬ٜٞ٣
international Cairo book fair ‫يعرض انقاهرة نهكتاب‬ Job opportunities َٔ‫كوٓ ػ‬
‫ٌُِزبة‬
international waters ‫خ‬٤ُٝ‫بح ك‬٤ٓ judge ٗ‫هب‬

29 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
justice ‫ اُؼلاُخ‬leading ْٜٓ / ٟ‫بك‬٤‫ ه‬/ ‫هائل‬
justify ‫جوه‬٣ leak ‫َوة‬٣
Kk leap ‫ولي‬٣ / ‫هليح‬
keep away from ٖ‫جزؼل ػ‬٣ lecture ‫وح‬ٙ‫ٓؾب‬
keep in touch with ‫ ارٖبٍ ٓغ‬٠ِ‫ ػ‬٠‫جو‬٣ legal ٠‫ّوػ‬
keep pace with ‫ ٓغ‬٢ّ‫زٔب‬٣ /‫و‬٣‫َب‬٣ leisure ‫ولت فراغ‬
keep up with ‫و‬٣‫َب‬٣ / ‫اًت‬ٞ٣ less productive ‫أهَ اٗزبعـب‬
keeping security ٖٓ‫ األ‬٠ِ‫ أُؾبكظخ ػ‬lest ٕ‫خ أ‬٤ْ‫ ف‬/ ٕ‫ٓقبكخ أ‬
kerchief ‫ّبػ‬ٝ / ‫ ؽغبة‬/ َ٣‫ ٓ٘ل‬liable to ‫ٓؼوٗ ُـ‬
key to ‫ ٓلزبػ ُـ‬liberate ‫زؾوه‬٣
keynote ‫خ‬٤َ٤‫ اُلٌوح اُوئ‬liberation ‫اُزؾوه‬
kidnap ‫قطق ّقٖب‬٣ liberty ‫خ‬٣‫ؽو‬
kind- hearted ‫ْ اُوِت‬٤‫ هؽ‬liberator ‫ ٓؼزـِن‬/‫ؾوه‬ِ ٓ
knowledge ‫ أُؼوكخ‬licence ٕ‫ ام‬/ ‫هفٖخ‬
knowledge is power ‫ح‬ٞ‫ أُؼوكخ ه‬lick his wounds ٚ‫ٔل عواؽ‬ٚ٣
known for ‫ف ثـ‬ٝ‫ ٓؼو‬lie around ‫٘زْو‬٣
Ll lighthouse ‫ٓ٘بهح‬
labour ‫ اُؼبِٓخ‬١‫ل‬٣‫ األ‬limited income َ‫ اُلف‬ٟ‫ك‬ٝ‫ٓؾل‬
labour day ٍ‫ل اُؼٔب‬٤‫ ػ‬listen secretly ٠ُ‫اٍزٔغ فَِخ ا‬
labour force ‫ اُؼبِٓخ‬ٟٞ‫ اُو‬literature ‫األكة‬
lack of medical care ‫خ‬٤‫خ اُطج‬٣‫ ٗؤ اُوػب‬living conditions ‫ْخ‬٤‫اٍ أُؼ‬ٞ‫أؽ‬
laconic ‫ت‬ٚ‫ ٓوز‬/‫عي‬ٞٓ living stander ‫ْخ‬٤‫ أُؼ‬١ٞ‫َٓز‬
laconism ‫غبى‬٣‫ اإل‬local articles ‫خ‬٤ِ‫اَُِغ أُؾ‬
ladder ٍِْ local industries ‫خ‬٤ِ‫اُٖ٘بػبد أُؾ‬
land for peace ّ‫ األهٗ ٓوبثَ اَُال‬local products ٠ِ‫ٓ٘زظ ٓؾ‬
land reclamation ٠ٙ‫ اٍزٖالػ األها‬location ‫هغ‬ٞٓ
lassitude ٍٞٔ‫ ف‬lock up ‫ؾزغي‬٣
last for ‫ّ ُٔلح‬ٝ‫ل‬٣ long term project َ‫َ األع‬٣ٞٛ ‫ع‬ٝ‫ْٓو‬
launch a campaign against ‫ل‬ٙ ‫ْٖ ؽِٔخ‬٣ looters ‫خ‬٤‫ثِطغ‬
launch a satellite ‫ـب‬٤‫طِن هٔوا ٕ٘بػ‬٣ looting ‫أػٔبٍ ثِطغخ‬
law of gravitation ‫خ‬٤‫ٕ اُغبمث‬ٞٗ‫ هب‬low ٘‫ٓ٘قل‬
lead ٢ُ‫ ا‬١‫ئك‬٣ / ‫ب‬٤‫ؾ‬٣ low cost ‫ٖخ‬٤‫رٌِلخ هف‬

Toppers Dictionary 30
 Toppers in English
loyalty to the country ُِٖٛٞ ‫الء‬ُٞ‫ا‬ marked by ‫ي ثـ‬٤ٔ‫ز‬٣
luggage = baggage ‫ ؽوبئت ٍلو‬/ ٚ‫أٓزؼ‬ martyrs ‫لاء‬ّٜ
lungs ٖ٤‫اُوئز‬ marvels = wonders ‫ػغبئت‬
Mm mass destruction weapons َٓ‫أٍِؾخ كٓبه ّب‬
magic ‫اَُؾو‬ mass information ‫خ‬٤ُ‫ٓبد اعٔب‬ِٞ‫ٓؼ‬
main ٢َ٤‫ هئ‬/ ٢ٍ‫أٍب‬ mass media ّ‫ٍبئَ اإلػال‬ٝ
main sources ‫خ‬٤َ٤‫ٖٓبكه هئ‬ massacre/blood bath ‫ ٓغيهح‬/ ‫ٓنثؾخ‬
major threat ْ٤‫ ػظ‬/ ‫و‬٤‫ل ًج‬٣‫ل‬ٜ‫ر‬ master’s degree ‫و‬٤‫كهعخ أُبعَز‬
majority ‫خ‬٤‫األؿِج‬ masters of art ٖ‫أٍبرنح اُل‬
make arrangements ‫جبد‬٤‫ّ ثؼَٔ رور‬ٞ‫و‬٣ mastery of foreign languages ‫اعبكح اُِـبد‬
for contributions
make ‫بٓبد‬ٍٜ‫ولّ ا‬٣ materialistic ١‫ٓبك‬
make efforts ‫كا‬ٜٞ‫جنٍ ع‬٣ materials ّ‫اى‬ُٞ / ‫اد‬ٝ‫أك‬
make everything ‫ه‬ٞٓ‫ء األ‬َٞ‫ر‬ matter of life or death ‫د‬ٞٓ ٝ‫بح أ‬٤‫َٓؤُخ ؽ‬
worsefull use of
make َ‫َزقلّ اإلٍزقلاّ األٓض‬٣ maximum income َ‫ كف‬٠ِ‫أػ‬
make fun of ٖٓ ‫َقو‬٣ means َ‫ٍبئ‬ٝ / ‫ِخ‬٤ٍٝ
make good use of ‫لا ُـ‬٤‫َزـَ اٍزـالال ع‬٣ means of entertainment ٚ٤‫ِخ روك‬٤ٍٝ
make great efforts ‫ٔخ‬٤‫كا ػظ‬ٜٞ‫جنٍ ع‬٣ means to an end ‫خ‬٣‫ ؿب‬٠ُ‫ِخ ا‬٤ٍٝ
make progress ‫ؾوى رولٓــب‬٣ measures ‫اعواءاد‬
make the best use of ‫لا‬٤‫َزـَ اٍزـالال ع‬٣ media / mass media ّ‫ٍبئَ األػال‬ٝ / ّ‫اإلػال‬
make up your mind ‫ارقن هواهى‬ medical ٠‫ج‬ٛ
make us sleepless ‫بعغ‬ُٚٔ‫و٘ ا‬٣ meeting point ٢‫ ِٓزو‬/‫ٗوطخ اُزوبء‬
make use of َ‫َزـ‬٣ members ‫بء‬ٚ‫أػ‬
malice = hatred ‫ؽول‬ menacing ‫لك‬ٜٓ
mame after ٠ِ‫ ػ‬٠َٔ٣ mental health ‫خ‬٤َ‫ ٗل‬/ ‫خ‬٤ِ‫ٕؾخ ػو‬
man ٕ‫اإلَٗب‬ mentioned above ٙ‫ه أػال‬ًٞ‫أُن‬
man of letter ‫ت‬٣‫أك‬ mercy ‫هؽٔخ‬
mandarin ٠‫ٍل‬ٞ٣ methods َ‫ ٍجــ‬/ َ‫ٍبئ‬ٝ /‫وم‬ٛ
mankind ١‫اُغٌ٘ اُجْو‬ middle east area ٍٜٝ‫ٓ٘طوخ اُْوم األ‬
manners ‫أفالم‬ midwife ‫خ‬٣‫اُلا‬
map ‫طخ‬٣‫فو‬ military forces ‫اد أَُِؾخ‬ٞ‫اُو‬
march ‫وح‬٤َٓ ministers ‫ىهاء‬ٝ
mark of civilization ‫خ‬٣‫به‬ٚ‫ٍٔخ ؽ‬ ministry of supply ٖ٣ٞٔ‫ىاهح اُز‬ٝ

31 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
minority ‫خ‬٤ِ‫األه‬ mystery ‫ٍو‬
miracle ‫ٓؼغيح‬ Nn
miser = mean َ‫ ثق‬/ ً‫ثئ‬ narrator ‫ هٖخ‬ٟٝ‫ ىا‬/ ‫ٍبهك‬
miserly (adj.) َ٤‫ثق‬ nation ٖٛٝ / ‫أٓخ‬
misery ً‫ اُجئ‬/ َ‫اُجق‬ national ٠ٓٞ‫ ه‬/ ٠٘ٛٝ
mislead َِٚ٣ national duty ٠ٓٞ‫اعت ه‬ٝ
misleading َ٤ِٚ‫ر‬ national income ٠ٓٞ‫اُلفَ اُو‬
mistakes ‫أفطبء‬ national project ‫خ‬٤ٓٞ‫ػبد اُو‬ٝ‫أُْو‬
misunderstanding ْٜ‫ء اُل‬ٍٞ national security ٠ٓٞ‫األٖٓ اُو‬
mixed blessing ‫اؽل‬ٝ ٕ‫ آ‬٠‫ٗؤخ ك‬ٝ ‫ٗؼٔخ‬ national target ٠ٓٞ‫لف ه‬ٛ
mixed results ‫بهثخ‬ٚ‫ٗزبئظ ٓز‬ national unity ‫خ‬٤ُ٘ٛٞ‫ؽلح ا‬ُٞ‫ا‬
mode ‫وخ‬٣‫و‬ٛ / ‫ َٗن‬/ ‫ة‬ٍِٞ‫أ‬ national unity government ‫خ‬٤٘ٛٝ ‫ؽلح‬ٝ ‫ٓخ‬ٌٞ‫ؽ‬
modern means of.. ‫ضخ ُـ‬٣‫ٍبئَ ؽل‬ٝ nationhood ‫خ‬٤ٓٞ‫بكح ه‬٤ٍ
modernization ‫ش‬٣‫رؾل‬ native ٠٘ٛٝ / ٠ِٛ‫أ‬
‫ب‬٤‫ع‬ٌُٞٞ٘‫ُِز‬
modernize ‫ؾلس‬٣ natural ‫خ‬٤‫ؼ‬٤‫ئخ اُطج‬٤‫اُج‬
modest ‫غ‬ٙ‫ا‬ٞ‫ٓز‬ surroundings
natural barriers ‫خ‬٤‫ؼ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫اعي‬ٞ‫ؽ‬
monopoly of arms ‫اؽزٌبه اَُالػ‬ natural disasters ‫خ‬٤‫ؼ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫اهس‬ًٞ
monuments ‫آصبه‬ natural remedies ٢‫ؼ‬٤‫اُؼالط اُطج‬
moral ‫ ػجوح‬/ ٟ‫ ٓـي‬/ ٠‫أفاله‬ natural resources ‫خ‬٤‫ؼ‬٤‫اهك اُطج‬ُٞٔ‫ا‬
moral values ‫خ‬٤‫ْ األفاله‬٤‫اُو‬ natural variation ٢‫ؼ‬٤‫ع اُطج‬ٞ٘‫اُز‬
morality ‫ االفالم‬/ ‫ِخ‬٤ٚ‫اُل‬ necessary ١‫ه‬ٝ‫و‬ٙ
morals = ethics ‫أفالم‬ necessity = a must ‫هح‬ٝ‫و‬ٙ
mother tongue ّ‫اُِـخ األ‬ necessary ١‫ه‬ٝ‫و‬ٙ
mother’s day ّ‫ل األ‬٤‫ػ‬ necessities of life ‫بح‬٤‫هاد اُؾ‬ٝ‫و‬ٙ
motivate ‫ؾش‬٣ /‫لكغ‬٣ /‫ؾلي‬٣ neglet َٛ‫زغب‬٣
motives ‫اكغ‬ٝ‫ ك‬/ ‫اكي‬ٞ‫ؽ‬ neglected َٜٔٓ
multi-media ‫ أُزؼلكح‬ٜ‫ٍبئ‬ُٞ‫ا‬ negligence ٍ‫ٔب‬ٛ‫اإل‬
multinational ‫بد‬٤َ٘‫ٓزؼلك اُغ‬ negligent َٜٔٓ
mummification ‫تحنيط‬ negligible impact َ٤‫ئ‬ٙ ‫و‬٤‫رؤص‬
mummify ‫يحنط‬ negotiations ‫بد‬ٙٝ‫ٓلب‬
mummy ‫مومياء‬ negotiate ٗٝ‫لب‬٣
mutual ‫ْٓزوى‬ negotiator ٗٝ‫ٓلب‬

Toppers Dictionary 32
 Toppers in English
needed ّ‫ الى‬/ ‫ة‬ِٞ‫ٓط‬ Oo
needless to say ٕ‫ال ؽبعخ أ‬ obligation ّ‫اُيا‬
needlework ‫ي‬٣‫اُزطو‬ oblige = obligate ‫غجو‬٣ / ّ‫ِي‬٣
needs ‫بعبد‬٤‫اؽز‬ observation ‫ ٓواهجخ‬/ ‫ٓالؽظخ‬
needy (adj) ‫ٓؾزبط‬ observe ‫الؽع‬٣
nerve cells ‫خ‬٤‫ب ػٖج‬٣‫فال‬ obtain ٢ِ‫ؾَٖ ػ‬٣
nervous system ٠‫بى اُؼٖج‬ٜ‫اُغ‬ obvious ‫ؼ‬ٙ‫ا‬ٝ
neutral ‫محايد‬ occasion ‫ٓ٘بٍجخ‬
neutrality ‫حيادية‬ occupation ‫لخ‬٤‫ظ‬ٝ / ٍ‫اؽزال‬
never give up َِْ‫َز‬٣‫ال‬ occupied land ‫أهٗ ٓؾزِخ‬
new vistas of urban ٢ٗ‫ اُؼٔوا‬ُِٞٔ٘ ‫لح‬٣‫آكبهب عل‬ oculist ٕٞ٤‫ت ػ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ
new year’s day ‫ل هأً اَُ٘خ‬٤‫ػ‬ off and on ‫افو‬ٝ ٖ٤‫ٖ ؽ‬٤‫ث‬
news broadcast ‫ْٗوح األفجبه‬ off season ٕ‫ا‬ٝ٥‫و ا‬٤‫ ؿ‬٠‫ك‬
news reader ‫ء األفجبه‬ٟ‫هبه‬ offer services ‫ولّ فلٓبد‬٣
nice-looking ‫عناة‬ ointment ْٛ‫ٓو‬
nickname ‫وح‬ُْٜ‫ اٍْ ا‬/ ‫ُوت‬ on board )‫ انطائرة‬، ‫ ٓزٖ (انسفينت‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
nightmare ًٞ‫ًبث‬ on the contrary ٘٤‫ اُ٘و‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
Nile basin َ٤ُ٘‫ٗ ا‬ٞ‫ؽ‬ on the one hand ‫خ‬٤‫ٖٓ ٗبؽ‬
Nile basin countries َ٤ُ٘‫ٗ ا‬ٞ‫ٍ ؽ‬ٝ‫ك‬ on the other hand ٟ‫خ أفو‬٤‫ٖٓ ٗبؽ‬ٝ
Noah’s Ark ‫ػ‬ٞٗ ‫٘خ‬٤‫ٍل‬ on the whole ّٞٔ‫ اُؼ‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
Nobel laureate َ‫ث‬ٞٗ ‫ عبئيح‬٠ِ‫ؽبَٕ ػ‬ on what occasion? ‫ ٓ٘بٍجخ؟‬ٟ‫ أ‬٠‫ك‬
Nobel winner َ‫ث‬ٞٗ ‫كبئي ثغبئيح‬ open education ‫ػ‬ٞ‫ْ ٓلز‬٤ِ‫رؼ‬
nocturnal animal ٠ِ٤ُ ٕ‫ا‬ٞ٤‫ؽ‬ operation ‫خ‬٤‫خ عواؽ‬٤ِٔ‫ػ‬
nongovernmental ٢ٌٓٞ‫و ؽ‬٤‫ؿ‬ opinion polls ٟ‫اٍزطالع اُوا‬
notice ‫الؽع‬٣ opinion polls ٟ‫اٍزطالػبد اُوأ‬
notion ‫كٌوح ػبٓخ‬ opportunity ‫ ٓ٘بٍجخ‬/ ‫كوٕخ‬
nourishment ‫خ‬٣‫ رـن‬/ ّ‫ؼب‬ٛ opposite direction ‫بك‬ُٚٔ‫ ا‬ٙ‫اإلرغب‬
novelist ٠‫ائ‬ٝ‫ه‬ opposition ‫خ‬ٙ‫أُؼبه‬
nowadays ّ‫ب‬٣‫ األ‬ٙ‫ن‬ٛ ٠‫ك‬ opposition parties ‫خ‬ٙ‫أؽياة أُؼبه‬
nuclear energy ‫خ‬٣ُٝٞ٘‫اُطبهخ ا‬ oppressed ِّٞ‫ ٓظ‬/ ‫ل‬ٜ‫ط‬ٚٓ
nuclear reactor ٟٝٞٗ َ‫ٓلبػ‬ oppression ِْ‫ ظ‬/ ‫بك‬ٜ‫ط‬ٙ‫ا‬
nursery ‫بٗخ‬ٚ‫اُؾ‬ optical illusion ‫خداع بصرى‬

33 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
optimism َ‫رلبئ‬ package ‫ هىٓخ‬/ ‫وك‬ٛ
optimist َ‫ٓزلبئ‬ pain ُْ‫أ‬
optimistic َ‫ٓزلبئ‬ pains ّ٥‫أ‬
ordinary childhood ‫خ‬٤‫ؼ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫ُخ‬ٞ‫ل‬ٛ palace ‫هٖو‬
organization ‫ٓ٘ظٔخ‬ Palestinian issue ‫خ‬٤٘٤‫خ اُلَِط‬٤ٚ‫اُو‬
organizing your time ‫هزي‬ٝ ْ٤‫ر٘ظ‬ paradise ‫ع٘خ‬
originate from ٖٓ ‫ْ٘ؤ‬٣ part and parcel ‫زغيء‬٣‫عيء ال‬
orphanage ‫ِٓغؤ‬ part -own ‫خ‬٤ٌِٓ ٠‫ْبهى ك‬٣
otherwise ‫اال‬ participate in ٠‫ْبهى ك‬٣
out of date ‫خ‬٤‫ اُٖالؽ‬٠ٜ‫ٓ٘ز‬ party ‫ ؽية‬/ ‫اُطوف‬
out of hand ٠‫فبهط ػٖ اهاكر‬ pass from…to… ٠ُ‫ ا‬... ٖٓ َ‫٘زو‬٣
out of my will ٠‫فبهط ػٖ اهاكر‬ passive ‫ل‬٤ِ‫ ث‬/ ٠‫ٍِج‬
outbreak ‫ة‬ْٞٗ /‫ اٗزْبه‬/٠ْ‫رل‬ patience ‫ٕجو‬
outcast ‫ؽوة‬
‫م‬ٞ‫ٓ٘ج‬ patient ٘٣‫ ٓو‬/ ‫ه‬ٞ‫ٕج‬
outdo (v.) ٠ِ‫م ػ‬ٞ‫زل‬٣ / ‫ٔزبى‬٣ patriotism ُٖٛٞ‫ ؽت ا‬/ ‫خ‬٤ُ٘ٛٞ‫ا‬
outdoor life ‫بح االٗطالم‬٤‫ؽ‬ patriot (n.) ُٚ٘ٛٞ ‫ ٓؾت‬/ ٠٘ٛٝ
outstanding ‫و‬ٛ‫ ظب‬/ ‫ثبهى‬ patriotic (adj.) ٠٘ٛٝ
over and above ‫م ًَ مُي‬ٞ‫ك‬ pave the way to ‫ن ُـ‬٣‫ل اُطو‬ٜٔ٣
over bear ٖٔ٤ٜ٣ / ‫و‬ٜ‫و‬٣ pay attention to ٠ُ‫ ا‬ٚ‫٘زج‬٣
over- crowdedness ّ‫اُيؽب‬ pay much attention ‫و ُـ‬٤‫زٔبٓب ًج‬ٛ‫ ا‬٠‫ؼط‬٣
over population ٠ٗ‫اإلىكؽبّ اٌَُب‬ peace ّ‫ٍال‬
over staffed ‫ػٔبُخ ىائلح‬ peace conference ّ‫ٓئرٔو اَُال‬
overcome ٢ِ‫زـِت ػ‬٣ peace loving ّ‫ٓؾجخ َُِال‬
overcome = get rid of ٖٓ ِٔ‫زق‬٣ / ٠ِ‫زـِت ػ‬٣ peace loving country ّ‫ثِل ٓؾت َُِال‬
overcome = get over ٠ِ‫زـِت ػ‬٣ peace prevails ّ‫ك اَُال‬َٞ٣
overcoming ٠ِ‫اُزـِت ػ‬ peace process ّ‫خ اَُال‬٤ِٔ‫ػ‬
oversee ٠ِ‫ْوف ػ‬٣ peace talks ّ‫ٓؾبكصبد اَُال‬
overturn ‫اٗوالة‬ peace treaty ّ‫لح ٍال‬ٛ‫ٓؼب‬
overweight ٕ‫ى‬ُٞ‫ ا‬٠‫ىائل ك‬ peace of mind ٍ‫هاؽخ اُجب‬
owe to ‫ٖ ُـ‬٣‫ل‬٣ peaceful march ‫خ‬٤ٍِٔ ‫وح‬٤َٓ
Pp peacefully ٠ٍِٔ ٞ‫ ٗؾ‬٠ِ‫ ػ‬/ ‫ـب‬٤ٍِٔ
pack ‫ؾيّ آزؼزخ‬٣ / ‫ؼتء‬٣ pension ُ‫ٓؼب‬

Toppers Dictionary 34
 Toppers in English
perform a play ‫خ‬٤‫ؼوٗ َٓوؽ‬٣ political party ٠ٍ‫ب‬٤ٍ ‫ؽية‬
perseverance ‫ٓضبثوح‬ polling stations ‫ٓواًي االهزواع‬
personal interests ‫خ‬٤ٖ‫أُٖبُؼ اُْق‬ pollutants ‫صبد‬ِٞٓ
persuade ‫و٘غ‬٣ polluted ‫س‬ِٞٓ
pessimism ّ‫رْبإ‬ polluted area ‫صخ‬ِٞٓ ‫ٓ٘طوخ‬
pessimistic = gloomy ٌ‫ ػبث‬/ ْ‫ٓزْبئ‬ pollution ‫س‬ِٞ‫اُز‬
pests ‫آكبد‬ population ٢ٗ‫اإلٗلغبه اٌَُب‬
pillar ‫كػبٓخ‬ explosion
positive ‫اصن ٖٓ ٗلَخ‬ٝ / ٠‫غبث‬٣‫ا‬
pills ‫ة‬ٞ‫ ؽج‬/ ٓ‫أهوا‬ posses = own ‫ٔزِي‬٣
pioneering ٟ‫بك‬٣‫ ه‬/ ‫هائل‬ post-graduation ‫ب‬٤ِ‫كهاٍبد ػ‬
pioneering role ‫ه هائل‬ٝ‫ك‬ postpone = put off َ‫ئع‬٣
pioneers ‫اك‬ٝ‫ه‬ poverty ‫اُلوو‬
pious ٠‫رو‬ power ‫ ٍِطخ‬/ ‫ح‬ٞ‫ه‬
plague ‫ثبء‬ٝ / ٕٞ‫بػ‬ٛ practice makes perfect ٕ‫ ُإلروب‬ٟ‫أُٔبهٍخ رئك‬
planets ‫اًت‬ًٞ practicing ‫ٓٔبهٍخ‬
platform ‫ق اُوطبه‬٤ٕ‫ه‬ practise ً‫ٔبه‬٣
play cards ‫٘خ‬٤ْ‫ر‬ًٞ ‫ِؼت‬٣ praise ‫ٔلػ‬٣
please the humanity ‫خ‬٣‫َؼل اُجْو‬٣ predict ‫ز٘جؤ‬٣
pledge ‫ل‬ٜ‫رؼ‬ =foresee=foretell
pre-packed ‫يح‬ٛ‫عب‬
plot ‫ ؽجٌخ‬/ ‫ ٓئٓوح‬/‫زؤٓو‬٣ prescription ‫خ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫ّزخ‬ٝ‫ه‬
plotter ‫ٓزؤٓو‬ present policy ‫خ‬٤ُ‫بٍخ اُؾب‬٤َُ‫ا‬
poem ‫لح‬٤ٖ‫ه‬ Preservation ‫اُؾلع‬
poet ‫ّبػو‬ preserve ‫ؾلع‬٣
poetry ‫ّؼو‬ president ٌ٤‫هئ‬
point of view ‫خ ٗظو‬ٜ‫ع‬ٝ press agency ٕ‫اػال‬ٝ ‫خ‬٣‫ًبُخ كػب‬ٝ
poison َْٔ٣ / ٍْ press conference ٠‫ٓئرٔو ٕؾل‬
poisonous ّ‫ٍب‬ pressing problems ‫ْٓبًَ ِٓؾخ‬
police day ‫خ‬ٛ‫ل اُْو‬٤‫ػ‬ pressure ٜ‫ـ‬ُٚ‫ا‬
policy ‫بٍخ‬٤َُ‫ا‬ prevail ‫ك‬َٞ٣ / ْ‫ؼ‬٣
political ٠ٍ‫ب‬٤ٍ prevent = protect ٠‫و‬٣ / ٠ٔ‫ؾ‬٣
political attitude ٠ٍ‫ب‬٤َُ‫هق ا‬ُٞٔ‫ا‬ prevention ‫خ‬٣‫هب‬ٝ
political crisis ‫خ‬٤ٍ‫ب‬٤ٍ ‫أىٓخ‬ preventive ٠‫هبئ‬ٝ

35 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
priceless ٖٔ‫ال روله ثض‬ protesters ٕٞ‫أُؾزغ‬
pride ‫زلبفو‬٣ / ‫كقو‬ prove ‫ضجذ‬٣ /ٖٛ‫جو‬٣
primary education ٠‫ْ اثزلائ‬٤ِ‫رؼ‬ prove ٖٛ‫جو‬٣ / ‫ضجذ‬٣
primitive ٢‫ثلائ‬ prove himself ٚ‫ضجذ مار‬٣
principals ‫ٗبظو‬ prove that ٕ‫ضجذ أ‬٣
principal ٢ٍ‫ أٍب‬/٢َ٤‫هئ‬ provide ‫ك‬ٝ‫ي‬٣ /‫كو‬ٞ٣
principles ‫ٓجبكئ‬ provide = supply ‫ك ثـ‬ٝ‫ي‬٣ / ‫ٔل‬٣
priorities of the new ‫ٓخ‬ٌٞ‫بد اُؾ‬٣ُٞٝ‫أ‬ with figures
public ‫بد ػبٓخ‬٤ٖ‫ّق‬
government
prison ٖ‫ٍغ‬ public morals ‫كاة اُؼبٓخ‬٥‫ا‬
private associations ‫خ‬٤ِٛ‫بد األ‬٤‫اُغٔؼ‬ public relations ‫ػالهبد ػبٓخ‬
private firms ‫أُئٍَبد اُقبٕخ‬ public sector ّ‫اُوطبع اُؼب‬
private sector ٓ‫هطبع فب‬ public transport ّ‫اُ٘وَ اُؼب‬
privatization ‫اُقٖقٖخ‬ punctual ‫ل‬٤‫اػ‬ُٞٔ‫ ا‬٠ِ‫اظت ػ‬ٞٓ
problem of housing ٕ‫ٌِْٓخ اإلٌٍب‬ punish ‫ؼبهت‬٣
procedures ‫اعواءاد‬ punishment ‫اُؼوبة‬
produce ‫٘زظ‬٣ purify air ‫اء‬ُٜٞ‫ ا‬٠‫٘و‬٣
product ‫ٓ٘زظ‬ purpose ‫لف‬ٛ/ٗ‫ؿو‬
production ‫اٗزبط‬ put an end to ‫غ ؽلا ُـ‬ٚ٣
production wheel ‫ػغِخ اإلٗزبط‬ put on weight ‫ىٗـب‬ٝ ‫يكاك‬٣
professional ‫ٓؾزوف‬ Qq
progress = advance ّ‫رول‬ qualifications ‫الد‬ٛ‫ٓئ‬
promising ‫اػل‬ٝ qualified َٛ‫ٓئ‬
promising youth ‫اػل‬ُٞ‫اُْجبة ا‬ qualify َٛ‫ئ‬٣
promote ٠‫زوه‬٣ quality ‫كح‬ٞ‫ع‬
promotion ‫ظ‬٣ٝ‫ رو‬/ ‫خ‬٤‫روه‬ quality assurance ‫كح‬ٞ‫ٔبٕ اُغ‬ٙ
proof ٕ‫ب‬ٛ‫ ثو‬/ َ٤ُ‫ك‬ questionnaire ٕ‫ب‬٤‫اٍزج‬
propaganda ‫خ‬٣‫كػب‬ quite sure ‫ ٓزؤًل‬/ ‫اصن رٔبٓب‬ٝ
prose ‫ٗضو‬ quiver ‫ً٘بٗخ‬
prosperity ‫اُوفبء‬ quiz master ٖ‫ٓٔزؾ‬
prosperous society ‫ٓغزٔغ اُوفبء‬ Rr
protect our property ‫ ٓٔزٌِبد‬٠ٔ‫ؾ‬٣ race ‫ٍجبم‬
protest ‫ اؽزغبط‬/ ‫ؾزظ‬٣ raise the standard of living ‫يرفع يستوى انًعيشت‬

Toppers Dictionary 36
 Toppers in English
rally ‫ؾزْل‬٣ / ‫ؾْل‬٣ refreshments ‫جبد‬ٛ‫ٓو‬
range from ٖٓ ‫ٔزل‬٣ regional ٢ٔ٤ِ‫اه‬
ranks ‫جوبد‬ٛ regulate ْ‫٘ظ‬٣
rape ‫ـزٖت‬٣ reinforce ‫ؼيى‬٣
rapid growth ‫غ‬٣‫ ٍو‬ٞٔٗ reinforcement ‫ي‬٣‫رؼي‬
rate ٍ‫ٓؼل‬ reject ٘‫وك‬٣ / ‫٘جن‬٣
ratio ‫َٗجخ‬ reject foreign interference ٠‫ٗوك٘ رلفَ أع٘ج‬
rationalization )‫الى‬ٜ‫ل (اإلٍز‬٤ّ‫رو‬ related to ‫ ثـ‬ٜ‫ ٓورج‬/ ‫ٓزؼِن ثـ‬
rationalize ‫وّل‬٣ relation ‫اُؼالهخ‬
rationalizing ‫ل‬٤ّ‫رو‬ relax ٢‫َزوف‬٣
reach = get to ٢ُ‫َٖ ا‬٣ relaxation ‫اإلٍزوفبء‬
react to ‫ت ُـ‬٤‫َزغ‬٣ religion ٖ٣‫اُل‬
reaction َ‫هك كؼ‬ religious programmes ‫خ‬٤٘٣‫اُجوآظ اُل‬
read out ٍ‫د ػب‬ٖٞ‫ووأ ث‬٣ remains ٍ‫ال‬ٛ‫ ا‬/ ‫ب آصبه‬٣‫ثوب‬
reading for all ‫غ‬٤ٔ‫اُوواءح ُِغ‬ remarks ‫ٓالؽظبد‬
real pleasure ‫خ‬٤‫و‬٤‫ٍؼبكح ؽو‬ remedial tourism ‫خ‬٤‫بؽخ اُؼالع‬٤َُ‫ا‬
realism ‫خ‬٤‫اهؼ‬ٝ remnants ٍِٞ‫ك‬
realistic solutions ‫خ‬٤‫اهؼ‬ٝ ٍِٞ‫ؽ‬ remote areas ‫خ‬٤‫ ٗبئ‬ٝ‫لح أ‬٤‫ن ثؼ‬ٛ‫ٓ٘ب‬
rebel ‫زٔوك‬٣ / ‫ه‬ٞ‫ض‬٣ renaissance ‫خ‬ٜٚٗ
rebellion ‫هح‬ٞ‫ ص‬/ ٕ‫ب‬٤ٖ‫ ػ‬/ ‫رٔوك‬ renew ‫غلك‬٣
rebels ٕٝ‫ ٓزٔوك‬/ ‫اه‬ٞ‫ص‬ renewable energy ‫اُطبهخ أُزغلكح‬
recent age ٢ُ‫اُؼٖو اُؾب‬ replace ٍ‫َزجل‬٣
reckless ‫غير مبال‬ replacement ٍ‫اٍزجلا‬
reclaiming desert ‫اٍزٖالػ اُٖؾواء‬ reportage ٠‫ن ٕؾل‬٤‫رؾو‬
reconsider ‫ل اُ٘ظو‬٤‫ؼ‬٣ represent ٖ‫ة ػ‬ٞ٘٣ / َ‫ٔض‬٣
reconstruction ‫و‬٤ٔ‫اُزؼ‬ reproduce ‫زٌبصو‬٣
recover ٢‫زؼبك‬٣ /٢‫ْل‬٣ reproduction ‫رٌبصو‬
recovery ‫ّلبء‬ reputation ‫ٍٔؼخ‬
recreation ّ‫ اٍزغٔب‬/ ‫ؼ‬٣ٝ‫رو‬ reputed ‫ؽَٖ أَُؼخ‬
recycling ‫ تدوير‬/‫إعادة تصنيع‬ require ‫زطِت‬٣
reflect ٌٌ‫ؼ‬٣ requirements ‫ٓزطِجبد‬
reform ‫اإلٕالػ‬ resign َ٤‫َزو‬٣

37 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
resist ّٝ‫وب‬٣ run out of ‫خ‬٣‫٘لن ٓبُل‬٣
resist diseases ٗ‫ّ األٓوا‬ٝ‫وب‬٣ running for ٌ٤‫ٓوّؼ ُٖٔ٘ت اُوئ‬
resistance ‫ٓخ‬ٝ‫ ٓوب‬president
rural ٢‫ل‬٣‫ه‬
resort = spa ‫ ٓ٘زغغ‬rush hours ‫ح‬ٝ‫ٍبػبد اُنه‬
resource ‫هك‬ٞٓ Ss
respect ّ‫ؾزو‬٣ / ّ‫ أؽزوا‬sacrifice ‫خ‬٤‫ؾ‬ٚ‫ ر‬/ ٠‫ؾ‬ٚ٣
responsibility ‫خ‬٤ُٞ‫ َٓئ‬safety ٖٓ‫أ‬
responsible for ٖ‫ٍ ػ‬ٞ‫ َٓئ‬salute the flag ِْ‫ اُؼ‬٠٤‫ؾ‬٣
result from ٖ‫٘زظ ػ‬٣ sanctions ‫ثبد‬ٞ‫ػو‬
result in = cause ‫َجت‬٣ sanitation ‫اُ٘ظبكخ اُؼبٓخ‬
retire ٍ‫ؼزي‬٣ / ‫زوبػل‬٣ satisfaction ‫ ه٘بػخ‬/ ‫ اّجبع‬/ ‫ب‬ٙ‫ه‬
revenue ‫ ػبئل‬satisfied ‫ هبٗغ‬/ ٗ‫ها‬
revolt ‫هح‬ٞ‫ ص‬satisfy ٢ٙ‫و‬٣
revolution ‫هح‬ٞ‫ ص‬save time and effort ‫ل‬ٜ‫اُغ‬ٝ ‫هذ‬ُٞ‫كو ا‬ٞ‫ر‬
revolutionary ٟ‫ه‬ٞ‫ ص‬savings ‫ٓلفواد‬
revolutionary front ‫خ‬٣‫ه‬ٞ‫خ ص‬ٜ‫ عج‬scarce ‫ٗبكه‬
revolutionist ٟ‫ه‬ٞ‫ اُض‬/ ‫ اُضبئو‬scenery ٠‫ؼ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫ٓ٘ظو‬
riches ‫اد‬ٝ‫ صو‬/ ٢٘‫ اُـ‬scholarship ‫خ‬٤ٍ‫ٓ٘ؾخ كها‬
rights ‫م‬ٞ‫ ؽو‬school fees ‫خ‬٤ٍ‫كبد ٓله‬ٝ‫ٖٓو‬
riots ‫طواثبد‬ٙ‫ ا‬/‫ أؽلاس ّـت‬science ِْ‫اُؼ‬
rival factions ‫ كٖبئَ ٓز٘بكَخ‬science fiction ٠ِٔ‫بٍ اُؼ‬٤‫اُق‬
rival parties ‫ أؽياة ٓز٘بكَخ‬scientific research ٠ِٔ‫اُجؾش اُؼ‬
road map plan ‫ن‬٣‫طخ اُطو‬٣‫ فو‬scientific solutions ‫خ‬٤ِٔ‫ٍ ػ‬ِٞ‫ؽ‬
robbery with violence ‫ ٍوهخ ثبإلًواح‬search and rescue ‫اٗوبم‬ٝ ‫ثؾش‬
role ‫ه‬ٝ‫ ك‬search for ٖ‫جؾش ػ‬٣
roots ‫ه‬ٝ‫ عن‬secondary education ٟٞٗ‫ْ صب‬٤ِ‫رؼ‬
route ‫ َٓبه‬/ ‫ن‬٣‫و‬ٛ sectarian clingings ‫خ‬٣ٞ‫اإلػزٖبٓبد اُلئ‬
rubbish dumps ‫بد‬٣‫ اُ٘لب‬/ ‫ ٓوبُت اُؤبٓخ‬sectarian strife ‫خ‬٤‫بئل‬ٛ ‫كز٘خ‬
ruins ‫ كٓبه‬sector ‫هطبع‬
run ‫و‬٣‫ل‬٣ secure ٖٓ‫ئ‬٣
run business ‫و ػٔال‬٣‫ل‬٣ security ٖٓ‫األ‬
run offs ‫الد اإلػبكح‬ٞ‫ ع‬security council ٖٓ‫ٓغٌِ األ‬

Toppers Dictionary 38
 Toppers in English
security vacuum ٠٘ٓ‫كواؽ أ‬ shock ‫ٕلٓخ‬
seek ٢‫َؼ‬٣ /٢‫اَُؼ‬ shop window َ‫اعخ أُؾ‬ٝ
seek other's advice ‫ؾخ‬٤ٖٗ َ‫ ٖٓ أع‬٠‫َؼ‬٣ shopping malls ‫خ‬٣‫ٓواًي رغبه‬
seek to ٠ُٖ٣‫فو‬٥‫ا‬
‫ ا‬٠‫َؼ‬٣ shyness and shame َ‫اُقغ‬ٝ ‫اُؼبه‬
seizure ‫الء‬٤‫ اٍز‬/ ‫ٖٓبكهح‬ scarce ‫ٗبكه‬
seize power ‫ اَُِطخ‬٠ِ‫ ػ‬٠ُٞ‫َز‬٣ scenery ٠‫ؼ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫ٓ٘ظو‬
self sufficiency ٢‫اإلًزلبء اُنار‬ side by side ‫ ع٘ت‬٠ُ‫ع٘جـب ا‬
self-confident َٚ‫اصن ٖٓ ٗل‬ٝ side effects ‫خ‬٤‫آصبه عبٗج‬
self-confidence ٌ‫اُضوخ ثبُ٘ل‬ sight ‫اُجٖو‬
self-control ٌ‫ اُ٘ل‬ٜ‫ج‬ٙ signals ‫اّبهاد‬
self-dependence ٌ‫ اُ٘ل‬٠ِ‫اإلػزٔبك ػ‬ simultaneously ٖٓ‫ ثبُزيا‬/ ‫ٓؼب‬
self-reliance ٌ‫ اُ٘ل‬٢ِ‫اإلػزٔبك ػ‬ sit-ins ‫اإلػزٖبٓبد‬
self-rule ٠‫اُؾٌْ اُنار‬ skip lunch ‫ اُـلء‬ٚ‫ر‬ٞ‫ل‬٣
self-sufficiency ٢‫اإلًزلبءاُنار‬ skyscrapers ‫ؾبد اَُؾبة‬ٛ‫ٗب‬
seminar ‫ح‬ٝ‫ٗل‬ slight rise ‫ق‬٤‫ل‬ٛ ‫اهرلبع‬
sense of humor ‫ػ اُلػبثخ‬ٝ‫ه‬ slogan ‫ّؼبه‬
septic wounds ‫صخ‬ِٞٓ ‫ػ‬ٝ‫عو‬ slums ‫بد‬٤‫ائ‬ْٞ‫ػ‬
series ‫ٍَِِخ‬ smells good ‫خ‬٤ً‫ هائؾخ م‬ٝ‫م‬
serious ‫ عبك‬/‫و‬٤‫فط‬ smuggle ‫وة‬ٜ٣
serious turn ‫و‬٤‫ فط‬٠٘‫ٓ٘ؾ‬ snack ‫لخ‬٤‫عجخ فل‬ٝ
serve ّ‫قل‬٣ social ٢‫اعزٔبػ‬
service ‫فلٓخ‬ social fund for ٢‫م اإلعزٔبػ‬ٝ‫اُٖ٘ل‬
services ‫فلٓبد‬ development
social position ‫خ‬٤‫خاعزٔبػ‬٤‫ٌٓبٗخ‬
ٔ٘‫ُِز‬
set )ٞ٣‫ هاك‬/ ٕٞ٣‫بى (رِلي‬ٜ‫ع‬ social services ‫خ‬٤‫فلٓبد اعزٔبػ‬
set free ‫ؾوه‬٣ social settlement ٢‫اإلٍزوواه اإلعزٔبػ‬
set the table ‫ؼل أُبئلح‬٣ society ‫ٓغزٔغ‬
setback ‫اٗزٌبٍخ‬ solar energy ‫خ‬٤َُْٔ‫اُطبهخ ا‬
settle disputes ‫خ اُقالكبد‬٣َٞ‫ر‬ solar system ٠َُْٔ‫اُ٘ظبّ ا‬
severe shortage ‫ٗؤ ؽبك‬ solidarity ٖٓ‫ب‬ٚ‫ ر‬/ ‫رٔبٍي‬
sewage ٠‫اُٖوف اُٖؾ‬ solution َ‫ؽ‬
share = take part in ‫ْبهى‬٣ / ‫ْٓبهًخ‬ solve َ‫ؾ‬٣
shelter ٟٝ‫ ٓؤ‬/‫ِٓغبء‬ sooner or later ‫ػبعال أّ آعال‬

39 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
sorrow ٕ‫ اُؾي‬stomach upsets ‫طواة ثبُٔؼلح‬ٙ‫ا‬
sound and picture ‫هح‬ُٖٞ‫ا‬ٝ ‫د‬ُٖٞ‫ ا‬stop bleeding ‫ق‬٣‫هق اُ٘ي‬ٞ٣
sound body ْ٤َُِ‫ اُغَْ ا‬stray dogs ‫بُخ‬ُٚ‫اٌُالة ا‬
sound mind ْ٤َُِ‫ اُؼوَ ا‬street pulse ‫ٗج٘ اُْبهع‬
source ‫ ٖٓله‬stress ٠ِ‫ئًل ػ‬٣ / ‫بك‬ٜ‫اإلع‬
source of life ‫بح‬٤‫ ٖٓله اُؾ‬strike /striker ْ‫بع‬ٜٓ /‫وة‬ٚٓ /‫واة‬ٙ‫ا‬
spare no effort to ٕ‫ٍؼـب أ‬ٝ ‫لفو‬٣ ‫ ال‬string ٜ٤‫ف‬
spare time = leisure time ‫هذ كواؽ‬ٝ strong ties ‫خ‬٣ٞ‫إو ه‬ٝ‫ أ‬/ ‫خ‬٣ٞ‫ ه‬ٜ‫اث‬ٝ‫ه‬
special needs ‫بعبد فبٕخ‬٤‫ اؽز‬strong will ‫خ‬٣ٞ‫اهاكح ه‬
specialist ٖٔ‫ ٓزق‬struggle ٍ‫ب‬ٚٗ / ‫ٌبكؼ‬٣ / َٙ‫٘ب‬٣
spiritual values ‫خ‬٤‫ؽ‬ٝ‫ْ اُو‬٤‫ اُو‬students’ union ‫ارؾبك اُطالة‬
splendid ‫و‬ٛ‫ ثب‬/ ‫ هائغ‬subheadings ‫خ‬٤‫ٖ كوػ‬٣ٝ‫ػ٘ب‬
spoil ‫ رلَل‬submit ‫جش‬٣
sponsor َ٤‫ ًل‬/‫ هاع‬/ َ‫ٌل‬٣ / ٠‫وػ‬٣ substance ‫ٓبكح‬
spread ‫ ْٗو‬/ ‫ رْ٘و‬subtle ‫ن‬٤‫كه‬
spread peace ّ‫ْ٘و اَُال‬٣ sue -sued -sued ‫يماضى‬
stability ‫ اٍزوواه‬suffer from ٖٓ ٢ٗ‫ؼب‬٣
staff ٌ٣‫ئخ رله‬٤ٛ suffering ‫ٓؼبٗبح‬
stage ‫ ٓوؽِخ‬suicidal action ٟ‫ػَٔ اٗزؾبه‬
stamina ٍ‫ح اإلؽزٔب‬ٞ‫ ه‬summit ‫هٔخ‬
stand as a one man ‫اؽل‬ٝ َ‫ ٗوق ًوع‬sunburn ٌُْٔ‫م ا‬ٝ‫ؽو‬
stand by ‫وق ثغبٗت‬٣ superstition ‫اُقواكخ‬
stand for ‫ روٓي ُـ‬supplies ‫وح‬٤‫ مف‬/ ٖ٣ٞٔ‫ ر‬/ ‫آلاكاد‬
standard of living ‫ْخ‬٤‫ أُؼ‬ٟٞ‫ َٓز‬supply and demand ‫ اُطِت‬ٝ ٗ‫اُؼو‬ٕ‫ٓئ‬/
state ‫ٖوػ‬٣ / ِٖ‫ؼ‬٣ / ‫ُخ‬ٝ‫ ك‬support ‫ل‬٤٣‫ رؤ‬/ ْ‫ كػ‬/‫َبٗل‬٣ / ْ‫لػ‬٣
state security forces ‫ُخ‬ٝ‫اد أٖٓ اُل‬ٞ‫ ه‬supreme ٠ِ‫ أػ‬/ ٢ٓ‫ٍب‬
stay in bed ُ‫ِيّ اُلوا‬٣ surgery ‫عواؽخ‬
stay up ‫و‬َٜ٣ surrounded by ‫ ثـ‬ٛ‫ٓؾب‬
step by step ‫ح‬ٞ‫ح ثقط‬ٞ‫ فط‬surroundings ‫طخ‬٤‫ئخ ٓؾ‬٤‫ث‬
stick to ‫زَٔي ثـ‬٣ / ‫ِزيّ ثـ‬٣ suspect ‫ْي‬٣
stock exchange ‫هٕخ‬ٞ‫ اُج‬suspicious ٖ‫ ظ‬/ ‫ّي‬
bourse
stomach trouble ‫طواة ثبُٔؼلح‬ٙ‫ ا‬symptoms ٗ‫أػوا‬

Toppers Dictionary 40
 Toppers in English
Tt terrorism ‫بة‬ٛ‫اه‬
tale ‫خ‬٣‫ؽٌب‬ terrorist ٠‫بث‬ٛ‫اه‬
talent ‫جخ‬ٛٞٓ terrorist movement ‫خ‬٤‫بث‬ٛ‫ؽوًخ اه‬
talented = gifted ‫ة‬ٞٛٞٓ testify ‫يشهد‬
talk show ‫و‬٤ٛ‫ػوٗ رِلبى ُِْٔب‬ testimony ‫شهادة‬
tame ٗٝ‫و‬٣ thanks for ‫ٌّوا ُـ‬
target ‫لف‬ُٜ‫ا‬ thanks to َٚ‫ثل‬
tasks ّ‫ب‬ٜٓ the Arab League ‫خ‬٤‫اُغبٓؼخ اُؼوث‬
taste ‫م‬ٝ‫م‬ the Arab nation ‫خ‬٤‫األٓخ اُؼوث‬
taxes ‫وائت‬ٙ the Arab solidarity ٢‫بٖٓ اُؼوث‬ٚ‫اُز‬
tear gas ‫ع‬ٞٓ‫َ ُِل‬٤َٓ ‫ؿبى‬ the armed forces ‫اد أَُِؾخ‬ٞ‫اُو‬
terror ‫هػت‬ the atmosphere ٟٞ‫اُـالف اُغ‬
the odd one out ‫ء أُقزِق‬٠ُْ‫ا‬ the carrot and stick ‫ت‬٤ٛ‫ اُزو‬ٝ ‫ت‬٤‫بٍخ اُزوؿ‬٤ٍ
the order of merit ‫ االٍزؾوبم‬ٛٞٗ policy
the charge of ٖ‫ٍ ػ‬ٞ‫أَُئ‬
the organs transplant ‫بء‬ٚ‫ىهاػخ األػ‬ the corner stone ‫خ‬٣ٝ‫ؽغو اُيا‬
the out of law ٕٞٗ‫ اُوب‬٠ِ‫ٖ ػ‬٤‫اُقبهع‬ the dark side of life ‫بح‬٤‫اُغبٗت أُظِْ ٖٓ اُؾ‬
the Palestine Case ‫٘خ‬٤‫خ اُلَِط‬٤ٚ‫اُو‬ the disabled ٕٞ‫أُؼبه‬
the people’s assembly ‫ٓغٌِ اُْؼت‬ the efforts exerted ٖ‫ٍ ػ‬ٝ‫ك أُجن‬ٜٞ‫اُغ‬
the pharaohs ‫اُلواػ٘خ‬ by former president
the ‫ٌ اَُبثن‬٤‫اُوئ‬
the press ‫اُٖؾبكخ‬ the good deeds ‫األػٔبٍ اُٖبُؾخ‬
the prime minister ‫ىهاء‬ُٞ‫ٌ ا‬٤‫هئ‬ the greatness of ‫ػظٔخ‬
the privatization ‫ثوٗبٓظ اُقٖقٖخ‬ the high cost of living ‫ْؼخ‬٤ُٔ‫اهرلبع رٌِلخ ا‬
the red cross ‫ت األؽٔو‬٤ُِٖ‫ا‬ the high turnout of voters ‫اإلقبال انشديد ين انناخبين‬
the right to vote ‫ؽن اإلٗزقبة‬ the hour’s matter ‫ع اَُبػخ‬ٞٙٞٓ
the same as ‫ء‬٠ُْ‫ٗلٌ ا‬ the importance of ‫خ‬٤ٔٛ‫أ‬
the sense of ‫ه ثبإلٗزٔبء‬ٞ‫اُْؼ‬ the increase of ‫بكح االٗزبط‬٣‫ى‬
belonging
the shura council ٟ‫ه‬ُْٞ‫ٓغٌِ ا‬ production
the law of labour َٔ‫ٕ اُؼ‬ٞٗ‫هب‬
the state ‫ُخ‬ٝ‫اُل‬ the main cause of ‫ ُـ‬٠َ٤‫اَُجت اُوئ‬
the station yard ‫ك٘بء أُؾطخ‬ the media production city ‫يدينت اإلنتاج اإلعاليي‬
the underground ‫ األٗلبم‬ٝ‫ٓزو‬ the medical profession ‫٘خ اُطت‬ٜٓ
Metro
the value of time ‫هذ‬ُٞ‫ٔخ ا‬٤‫ه‬ the most death dealing enemy ‫أشد األعداء فتكا‬
the youth ‫اُْجبة‬ the needs of people ‫بعبد اُْؼت‬٤‫اؽز‬

41 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
there must be ٌٕٞ٣ ٕ‫ ا‬٢‫٘جـ‬٣ threaten ‫لك‬ٜ٣
therefore ْ‫ٖٓ ص‬ٝ / ‫ُنُي‬ٝ through ٍ‫ٖٓ فال‬
they set examples ‫ح‬ٝ‫ا هل‬ٌٞٗٞ٣ through ages ٖ٤َُ٘‫ػجو ا‬
think of others ٖ٣‫فو‬٥‫ه ا‬ٞ‫ ّؼ‬٠‫واػ‬٣ throughout ٍ‫ا‬ٞٛ
thinkers ٕٝ‫ٓلٌو‬ thus ْ‫ٖٓ ص‬ٝ
thorny problem ‫ٌِْٓخ ّبئٌخ‬ tidal energy ‫اُغيه‬ٝ ‫بهخ أُل‬ٛ
thoughtful ٖ٣‫فو‬٥‫ه ا‬ٞ‫ٓواع ُْؼ‬ tide ‫اُغنه‬ٝ ‫أُل‬
thoughts ‫أكٌبه‬ tips ِ٤ْ‫ثو‬
threat ‫ل‬٣‫ل‬ٜ‫ر‬ tolerance ‫اُزَبٓؼ‬
transitional government ‫خ‬٤ُ‫ٓخ اٗزوب‬ٌٞ‫ؽ‬ tolerant ‫ٓزَبٓؼ‬
transplant ‫بء‬ٚ‫ ىهاػخ أػ‬/ َ‫ٗو‬ tool ‫أكاح‬
transport َ‫اُ٘و‬ top the agenda of talks ‫ هأً هبئٔخ أُجبؽضبد‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
travel ban ‫ٓ٘غ ٖٓ اَُلو‬ tornado ‫اػٖبه‬
treasure ‫ً٘ي‬ total ٢ُ‫اعٔب‬
treat ‫ؼبُظ‬٣ tourism ‫بؽخ‬٤ٍ
treatment ‫ػالط‬ towards ٞ‫ ٗؾ‬- ٙ‫رغب‬
treaty ‫لح‬ٛ‫ٓؼب‬ tower ‫ثوط‬
tremendous ْ٤‫ ػظ‬/ ‫و‬٤‫ ًج‬/َ‫بئ‬ٛ trade liberation ‫و اُزغبهح‬٣‫رؾو‬
trial ‫ٓؾبًٔخ‬ traffic jam ‫ه‬ٝ‫اىكؽبّ أُو‬
trials ‫الد‬ٝ‫ٓؾب‬ trail ‫ٓؾبًٔخ‬
triumph = victory ‫اٗزٖبه‬ training sessions ‫خ‬٤‫ج‬٣‫هاد رله‬ٝ‫ك‬
trouble makers ‫ اُْـت‬ٟ‫و‬٤‫ٓض‬ transfer َ‫ٗو‬
trusted ٚ‫م ث‬ٞ‫ص‬ٞٓ to achieve the goals ‫لاف‬ٛ‫ن األ‬٤‫ُزؾو‬
trustworthy ‫و ثبُضوخ‬٣‫عل‬ to close the ranks َُْٔ‫ُغٔغ ا‬
try the corrupt ٖ٣‫ؾبًْ اُلبٍل‬٣ to cope with ‫و‬٣‫َب‬٣
turning point ٍٞ‫ٗوطخ رؾ‬ to forget my soul ‫ء‬ٟ‫ ػٖ ٓجبك‬٠ِ‫إٔ أرق‬
twit ‫ٓـوك‬ Uu
twitter ‫ل‬٣‫رـو‬ umbrella ‫ٓظِخ‬
trials ‫الد‬ٝ‫ٓؾب‬ uncaring public ‫ٕ ثبُؼبٓخ‬ٞٔ‫ز‬ٜ٣‫ال‬
triumph = victory ‫اٗزٖبه‬ uncountable losses ‫ب‬ُٜ ‫فَبئو الؽٖو‬
trouble makers ‫ اُْـت‬ٟ‫و‬٤‫ٓض‬ unemployed = idle َٛ‫ّقٔ ػب‬
trusted ٚ‫م ث‬ٞ‫ص‬ٞٓ unemployment ‫اُجطبُخ‬

Toppers Dictionary 42
 Toppers in English
unexpectedly ‫هغ‬ٞ‫ٕ ر‬ٝ‫ك‬ vet ٟ‫طو‬٤‫ت ث‬٤‫ج‬ٛ
unfortunate ‫ظ‬ٞ‫و ٓؾظ‬٤‫ؿ‬ vice president ٌ٤‫ٗبئت اُوئ‬
unique ‫ل‬٣‫كو‬ victim ‫خ‬٤‫ؾ‬ٙ
unite ‫زؾل‬٣ victims of poverty ‫ب اُلوو‬٣‫ؾب‬ٙ
united nations ‫األْٓ أُزؾلح‬ victory ‫اُٖ٘و‬
unity ‫ؽلح‬ُٞ‫ا‬ violate ‫ي‬ٜ‫٘ز‬٣
universal ٢ُٔ‫ػب‬ violations ‫ ٓقبُلبد‬/ ‫بًبد‬ٜ‫اٗز‬
universe ٌُٕٞ‫ا‬ violence ‫ػ٘ق‬
university ‫عبٓؼخ‬ violent clashes ‫لخ‬٤٘‫ٖٓبكٓبد ػ‬
university graduates ‫ اُغبٓؼبد‬٢‫غ‬٣‫فو‬ virtues َ‫بئ‬ٚ‫ك‬
unrest ‫طواة‬ٙ‫ ا‬/‫رو‬ٞ‫ ر‬/‫هِن‬ virus ً‫و‬٤‫ك‬
unwise ‫ اُغبئو‬/ ْ٤ٌ‫و ؽ‬٤‫ؿ‬ vision ‫خ‬٣‫هإ‬
up -to - date ‫ش‬٣‫ؽل‬ vital matter ٟٞ٤‫ع ؽ‬ٞٙٞٓ
update ‫ئب‬٤ّ ‫ؾلس‬٣ vital role ٟٞ٤‫ه ؽ‬ٝ‫ك‬
upgrade ‫٘ ثـ‬ٜ٘٣ vote ‫٘زقت‬٣ / ‫د‬ٖٞ٣
uprising ‫خ‬ٙ‫اٗزلب‬ voters ٕٞ‫ٗبفج‬
uproot = root out ‫وزِغ‬٣ voting ‫ذ‬٣ٖٞ‫ر‬
uprooting ‫اىاُخ‬ Ww
upset ‫طوة‬ٚٓ war ‫ؽوة‬
upstream countries ‫ٍ أُ٘جغ‬ٝ‫ك‬ ward ‫ ػ٘جو‬/ ‫ع٘بػ‬
warn ‫ؾنه‬٣ with good morals ‫لح‬٤ٔ‫ افالم ؽ‬ٝ‫م‬
urban ٠ٗ‫ٓل‬ warring ‫أُزؾبهة‬
utilities ‫أُواكن‬ waste of water ٙ‫ب‬٤ُٔ‫لاه ا‬ٛ‫ا‬
utmost ٢ٖ‫أه‬ waste ‫بد‬٣‫ٗلب‬
utopia ‫ِخ‬ٙ‫٘خ اُلب‬٣‫أُل‬ products=wastes
wasteful ‫مبذر‬
Vv wastefulness ‫تبذير‬
values ْ٤‫ه‬ weakness ‫ؼق‬ُٚ‫ا‬
various ‫ع‬ٞ٘‫ ٓز‬/ ‫ٓقزِق‬ wealth ‫ح‬ٝ‫اُضو‬
vegetarian ٠‫اَٗبٕ ٗجبر‬ wear sunscreen ٌُْٔ‫ْ ا‬٣‫غ ًو‬ٚ٣
vegetable energy ٟٞ٤‫ك اُؾ‬ٞ‫ه‬ُٞ‫ا‬ weightlessness ٕ‫ى‬ُٞ‫ػلّ ا‬
vehicles َ‫ٍبئَ اُ٘و‬ٝ / ‫ٓوًجبد‬ welfare ‫خ‬٤ٛ‫هكب‬
veil ‫ فٔبه‬/ ‫ٗوبة‬ well- suited to ‫ٓ٘بٍت رٔبٓب ُـ‬

43 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
wide spread ‫اٍغ اإلٗزْبه‬ٝ without any ‫واه ثـ‬ٙ‫ أ‬ٟ‫ٕ أ‬ٝ‫ك‬
widely- used ‫اٍغ‬ٝ ‫ ٗطبم‬٠ِ‫َزقلّ ػ‬٣ damage to
withstand ‫يتحمل‬
widen ‫ٍغ‬ٞ٣ witness ‫ل‬ٛ‫ ّب‬/ ‫ل‬ْٜ٣
wildlife ‫خ‬٣‫ اُجو‬ٙ‫ب‬٤‫اُؾ‬ world record ٠ُٔ‫ ػب‬٠ٍ‫ب‬٤‫ههْ ه‬
will do more ‫وا‬٤‫ل ًض‬٤‫ل‬٣ world trade center ٢ُٔ‫ٓوًي اُزغبهح اُؼب‬
will –power ‫ح اإلهاكح‬ٞ‫ه‬ world’s supplies of ٖٓ ٠ُٔ‫ٕ اُؼب‬ٝ‫أُقي‬
willingness ‫و‬ٛ‫ت فب‬٤ٛ ٖ‫ػ‬ oil
worship house ٍٝ‫اُجزي‬
‫كاهاُؼجبكح‬
wind ‫٘زيع‬٣ /ََِ‫ ر‬/ ‫بػ‬٣‫ه‬ wound ‫غوػ‬٣ / ‫عوػ‬
wind energy ‫بػ‬٣‫بهخ اُو‬ٛ writer ‫ًبرت‬
wine ‫ فٔوح‬/ ‫ن‬٤‫ٗج‬ wronged ِّٞ‫ٓظ‬
wing ‫ع٘بػ‬ Yy
wisdom ‫ؽٌٔخ‬ yard ‫ك٘بء‬
wise ْ٤ٌ‫ؽ‬ you failed me ٠٘‫فنُز‬
with all means َ‫ثٌَ اَُج‬ you’re kidding ‫أٗذ رٔيػ‬
with doubt ‫ٕ ّي‬ٝ‫ثل‬ youth ‫اُْجبة‬
with the aim of ‫لف‬ٜ‫ث‬ youth movement ‫ؽوًخ اُْجبة‬
with the exception of ‫ثبٍزض٘بء‬ Zz
withdraw ‫َ٘ؾت‬٣ zero gravity ‫خ‬٤‫اٗؼلاّ اُغبمث‬
without a break ‫ٕ هاؽخ‬ٝ‫ثل‬ Zionism ‫صهيونية‬

Toppers Dictionary 44
 Toppers in English
Expressions & Idioms
a means not an end ‫وسيلة ال غاية‬
around the clock ‫على مدار الساعة‬
at your disposal ‫تحت أمرن‬
back and forth ً ‫ذهابا ً وإيابا‬
back to back ‫واحد تلو االخر‬
back to front ‫بطريمة معكوسة‬
be in a tight spot ‫فى مؤزق‬
be no laughing matter = serious ‫موضوع جاد‬
break the ice ‫يكسر حدة الجمود‬
by and large ‫عمو ًما‬
by word of mouth ‫شفاهية‬
cash on delivery ‫سلم واستلم‬
change his mind ‫يغير رأيه‬
come and go ‫يظهر ويختفى‬
double edged weapon ‫سالح ذو حدين‬
face the music ‫يتلمى العماب‬
face to face ‫وج ًها لوجه‬
flesh and blood ‫بشحمه ولحمه‬
for free = free of charge ‫مجانى‬
freelance journalist ‫كاتب صحفى مستمل‬
from cradle to death ‫من المهد للحد‬
get the hump ‫يتضايك‬
give a hand ‫يساعد‬
give and take ‫هات وخد‬
give or take ‫تمريبًا‬
How come? ‫كيف؟‬
hustle and bustle ‫ضجيج وعجيج‬
If I were in your shoes ‫لو كنت مكانن‬
in a blink of an eye ‫فى غمضة عين‬
joys and cares ‫أفراح وأحزان‬
keep your cool ‫حافظ على هدوئن‬
kick the bucket ‫يموت‬
make a name for himself )‫مشهورا‬
ً ‫يصنع اس ًما لنفسه ( يصبح‬

45 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
make do with ‫يرضى بـ‬
make fun of ‫يسخر من‬
make no head nor tail ‫ال يفهم‬
meet his end ‫يلمى حتفه‬
mixed blessing ‫نعمة ونممة‬
now and again ‫من حين آلخر‬
odds and ends ‫أشياء تافهة‬
out of the blue ‫فجؤة‬
over the moon ‫سعيد‬
part and parcel ‫جزء ال يتجزأ‬
pros and cons ‫مميزات وعيوب‬
put your skates on = hurry up ‫يسرع‬
put…in the picture ‫يفهم‬
retreat into a shell ‫ يتمولع‬/‫ينعزل عن الناس‬
sentence to death ‫يعدم‬
take care of ‫زْ ة‬ٜ٣
take great interest in ‫وا ثـ‬٤‫زٔبٓب ًج‬ٛ‫زْ ا‬ٜ٣
take into consideration ‫ اإلػزجبه‬٠‫ؤفن ك‬٣
take it easy ‫ؤفن األمور ببساطة‬٣
take measures ‫زقن اعواءاد‬٣
take out the garbage ‫قوط اُؤبٓخ‬٣
take over ‫ األٓو‬٠ُٞ‫ز‬٣
take overdose ‫ عوػخ ىائلح‬٠ٛ‫زؼب‬٣
take part in ٠‫ْبهى ك‬٣
take to ٖٓ‫ل‬٣
take to bed ُ‫ِيّ اُلوا‬٣
the ice is getting real thin ‫لمد أوشن صبرى على النفاذ‬
the ins and outs ‫كل كبيرة وصغيرة‬
the lips are sealed ‫سرن في بير‬
the same old faces ‫ال جديد‬
tit for tat ‫العين بالعين‬
to achieve the goals ‫لاف‬ٛ‫ن األ‬٤‫ُزؾو‬
to close the ranks َُْٔ‫ُغٔغ ا‬
to cope with ‫و‬٣‫َب‬٣

Toppers Dictionary 46
 Toppers in English
to create good citizens ٖ٤‫ٖ ٕبُؾ‬٤٘ٛ‫ا‬ٞٓ ‫ُقِن‬
to make great progress in ٢‫ْ ك‬٤‫ُزؾون رولّ ػظ‬
to put your feet up = to relax ‫يسترخى‬
to some extent ‫ ؽل ٓب‬٠ُ‫ا‬
to the age of ... َُٖ ِ٤‫ؼ‬٣
to what extent..? ‫ ؟‬ٟ‫ ٓل‬ٟ‫ أ‬٠ُ‫ا‬
turn over a new leaf ‫يبدأ صفحة جديدة‬
twists and turns of fate ‫تصاريف المدر‬
ups and downs ‫تملبات‬

Present S. Past simple Past P. Meaning

arise arose arisen ٜ٘٘٣ ،‫ْ٘ؤ‬٣ ،‫و‬ٜ‫ظ‬٣
awake awoke awoken /awakened ‫وع‬٤‫ َٓز‬، ٞ‫ٖؾ‬٣
is, am, are was/were been ٌٕٞ٣
bear bore born ‫ِل‬٣ ،َٔ‫ؾ‬٣
beat beat beaten ‫وة‬ٚ٣
become became become ‫ٖجؼ‬٣
begin began begun ‫جلأ‬٣
behold beheld beheld ‫٘ظو‬٣
bend bent bent ‫وًي‬٣ ، ٚ‫ع‬ٞ٣ ، ٢٘‫ؾ‬٣
bet bet bet َٖٛ‫وا‬٣
bind bound bound ، ‫غِل‬٣ ، ّ‫ؾي‬٣ ، ٜ‫وث‬٣
bite bit bitten/bit ‫ِلؽ‬٣ ، ‫َِغ‬٣ ، ٘‫ؼ‬٣
bleed bled bled ‫٘يف‬٣
blow blew blown ‫ت‬ٜ٣ ، ‫٘لـ‬٣
break broke broken ‫ٌَو‬٣ ، ‫ٌَ٘و‬٣
breed bred bred ‫ِل‬٣ ، ‫ؾلس‬٣ ،ٌ‫لو‬٣
bring brought brought ٢‫وث‬٣ ، ‫غِت‬٣
broadcast broadcast broadcast ‫ـــــــغ‬٣‫ن‬٣
build built built ٢٘‫ج‬٣
burn burned / burnt burned / burnt ‫ؾوم‬٣
burst burst burst ‫طلؼ‬٣ ، ‫٘لغو‬٣

47 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
buy bought bought ١‫ْزو‬٣
cast cast cast ٠‫ِو‬٣ ، ‫ ثـ‬٠ُ‫ل‬٣ ، ‫قزبه‬٣
catch caught caught ‫َٔي‬٣
choose chose chosen ‫قزبه‬٣
cling clung clung ‫ِزٖن‬٣ ،‫َٔي‬٣ ،‫زؼِن‬٣
clothe clothed / clad clothed / clad ٌَٞ٣
come came come ٢‫ؤر‬٣
cost cost cost ‫وله‬٣ ، ‫ٌِق‬٣
creep crept crept ‫زَوة‬٣ ،‫يؽق‬٣
cut cut cut ‫وطغ‬٣
deal dealt dealt َٓ‫زؼب‬٣
dig dug dug ‫ؾوس‬٣ ، ‫ؾلو‬٣
dive dove/dived dived ٌ‫ـط‬٣ ، ٓٞ‫ـ‬٣
do did done َ‫لؼ‬٣
draw drew drawn ٍْ‫و‬٣
dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt ِْ‫ؾ‬٣
drink drank drunk ‫ْوة‬٣
drive drove driven ‫ك‬ٞ‫و‬٣
dwell dwelled / dwelt dwelled / dwelt ‫هق‬ٞ‫ز‬٣ ، ْ٤‫و‬٣ ، ٌَٖ٣
eat ate eaten ًَ‫ؤ‬٣
fall fell fallen ٜ‫َو‬٣
feed fed fed ١‫ـن‬٣
feel felt felt ٌ‫ؾ‬٣ ، ‫ْؼو‬٣
fight fought fought َ‫وبر‬٣ ، ‫ؾبهة‬٣
find found found ‫غل‬٣
flee fled fled ٢‫قزل‬٣ ، ‫لو‬٣ ، ‫وة‬ٜ٣
fly flew flown ‫و‬٤‫ط‬٣
forbid forbade / forbid forbidden / forbid ّ‫ؾو‬٣
forecast forecast forecast َ ‫ز٘جؤ‬٣ ، ‫ه َغ‬ٞ‫ز‬٣
forget forgot forgotten / forgot ٠َ٘٣
forgive forgave forgiven ‫َبٓؼ‬٣
freeze froze frozen ‫جوك‬٣ ، ‫غٔل‬٣
get got gotten / got َٖ‫ؾ‬٣
give gave given ٢‫ؼط‬٣
go went gone ‫ت‬ٛ‫ن‬٣
grind ground ground ُ‫غو‬٣ ، ٖ‫طؾ‬٣
grow grew grown ٞٔ٘٣

Toppers Dictionary 48
 Toppers in English
hang hung hung ‫ؼِن‬٣
hang hanged hanged ‫ْ٘ن‬٣
have had had ‫ِٔي‬٣
hear heard heard ‫َٔغ‬٣
hide hid hidden ‫ء‬٠‫قج‬٣ ، ٢‫قزل‬٣
hit hit hit ّ‫ ٕل‬، ‫ ثِؾ‬، ‫وة‬ٙ
hold held held ‫زَٔي‬٣ ، َٔ‫ؾ‬٣
hurt hurt hurt ٟ‫عوػ آم‬
keep kept kept ٢‫جو‬٣
kneel kneeled / knelt kneeled/knelt ‫وًغ‬٣ ، ‫َغل‬٣
know knew known ‫لهى‬٣ ، ‫ؼوف‬٣
lead led led ٚ‫ع‬ٞ٣ ، ْ‫زيػ‬٣ ، ‫ك‬ٞ‫و‬٣
lean leaned / leant leaned / leant ‫٘ؾوف‬٣ ، َ٤ٔ٣ ، ٢ٌ‫ز‬٣
leap leaped / leapt leaped / leapt ‫ولي‬٣
learn learned / learnt learned / learnt ِْ‫زؼ‬٣
leave left left ‫غو‬ٜ٣ ، ‫ـبكه‬٣ ، ‫زوى‬٣
lend lent lent ‫و‬٤‫ؼ‬٣
let let let ‫ أعو‬، َ‫ ػوه‬، ‫روى‬
lie lied lied ‫ٌنة‬٣
lie lay lain ‫زٔلك‬٣ ، ‫غ‬ٚ٣
light lit / lighted lit / lighted ‫و‬٤٘٣ ، ‫ء‬٢ٚ٣
lose lost lost ‫قَو‬٣ ، ‫لول‬٣
make made made ‫ٖ٘غ‬٣
mean meant meant ‫وٖل‬٣ ، ٢٘‫ؼ‬٣
meet met met َ‫وبث‬٣
mislead misled misled ‫قلع‬٣ ، َِٚ٣
mistake mistook mistaken ‫قطئ‬٣
overcome overcame overcome ٠ِ‫زـِت ػ‬٣
overdo overdid overdone ٛ‫لو‬٣ ، ‫جبُؾ‬٣
overtake overtook overtaken ‫جبؿذ‬٣،‫ى‬ٝ‫زغب‬٣،‫غزبى‬٣
partake partook partaken ‫ْبهى‬٣ ، ‫ْزوى‬٣
pay paid paid ‫لكغ‬٣
prove proved proved / proven ٖ٤‫زج‬٣ ، ٖٛ‫جو‬٣ ، ‫ضجذ‬٣
put put put ‫غ‬ٚ٣
read read read ‫ووأ‬٣
ride rode ridden ٢‫ٔزط‬٣ ، ‫وًت‬٣
ring rang rung ٕ‫و‬٣ ، ‫طوم‬٣

49 Toppers Dictionary
 Toppers in English
rise rose risen ٜ٘٘٣ ، ‫ورلغ‬٣
run ran run ١‫غو‬٣
say said said ٍٞ‫و‬٣
see saw seen ٟ‫و‬٣
seek sought sought ٠ُ‫ ا‬٠‫َؼ‬٣ ، ‫طِت‬٣
sell sold sold ‫غ‬٤‫ج‬٣
send sent sent ٍَ‫و‬٣
set set set ‫غٔل‬٣ ، ‫غ‬ٚ٣
sew sewed sewed / sewn ‫وهغ‬٣ ، ‫ِٖؼ‬٣ ، ٜ٤‫ق‬٣
shake shook shaken ‫وعق‬٣ ، ‫ي‬ٜ٣ ،‫زي‬ٜ٣
shave shaved shaved / shaven ٔ‫و‬٣ ، ‫ؾِن‬٣
shear sheared / shore shorn ‫٘يع‬٣ ، ‫غوك‬٣ ، ٔ‫و‬٣
shed shed shed ّ‫َلي ك‬٣ ، ‫ن‬٣‫و‬٣
shine shone shone ‫ء‬٢ٚ٣،‫ْوم‬٣ ، ‫زألأل‬٣
shoot shot shot ‫طِن‬٣ ، َ‫وز‬٣ ، ٢ٓ‫و‬٣
show showed showed/shown ٗ‫ؼو‬٣ ، ‫و‬ٜ‫ظ‬٣
shrink shrank / shrunk Shrunk َ‫نث‬٣ ، ٌِٔ٘٣
shut shut shut ‫َل‬٣ ، ‫ـِن‬٣
sing sang sung ‫ـوك‬٣ ، ٢٘‫ـ‬٣
sink sank / sunk sunk ٓٞ‫ـ‬٣ ، ‫ـوم‬٣
sit sat sat ٌِ‫غ‬٣
sleep slept slept ّ‫٘ب‬٣
slide slid slid / slidden ‫زيؽِن‬٣ ، ‫٘يُن‬٣
sling slung slung ٠ُ‫زل‬٣ ، ‫ؼِن‬٣ ، ‫ونف‬٣
smell smelled / smelt smelled / smelt ْْ٣
sow sowed sowed/sown ‫٘ضو‬٣ ، ‫يهع‬٣ ،‫جنه‬٣
speak spoke spoken ‫زؾلس‬٣ ، ٌِْ‫ز‬٣
speed speeded / sped speeded / spelt ‫َوع‬٣ ، ‫َوع‬٣
spell spelled / spelt spelled / spelt ٠‫غ‬ٜ‫ز‬٣
spend spent spent ‫٘لن‬٣ ، ‫ٖوف‬٣
spill spilled /spilt spilled / spilt ‫ن‬٣‫و‬٣ ، ‫ٌَت‬٣
spin spun spun ّٝ‫ل‬٣ ، ٍ‫ـي‬٣ ، ‫ه‬ٝ‫ل‬٣
split split split ‫ْ٘طو‬٣ ، ‫ْ٘ن‬٣ , َْ‫٘و‬٣
spoil spoiled / spoilt spoiled / spoilt ‫َِت‬٣ ، ‫زِق‬٣ ، ‫لَل‬٣
spread spread spread ‫٘زْو‬٣ ، ‫ْ٘و‬٣
stand stood stood ‫وق‬٣
steal stole stolen ‫َوم‬٣

Toppers Dictionary 50
 Toppers in English
stick stuck stuck ‫ِزٖن‬٣
sting stung stung ِ‫ـ‬٣ ، ‫ِلؽ‬٣
strike struck struck ‫قزوم‬٣ ، ‫وة‬ٚ٣
strive strived /strove strived / striven َٙ‫٘ب‬٣ ، ‫ٌبكؼ‬٣
swear swore sworn َِْ‫و‬٣
swim swam swum ‫َجؼ‬٣
swing swung swung ‫زنثنة‬٣ ، ‫زؤهعؼ‬٣
take took taken ‫ؤفن‬٣
teach taught taught ً‫له‬٣
tear tore torn ‫ْن‬٣ ، ‫ٔيم‬٣
tell told told ‫قجو‬٣
think thought thought ‫لٌو‬٣
throw threw thrown ‫ونف‬٣ ، ٢ٓ‫و‬٣
thrust thrust thrust ٖ‫طؼ‬٣ ، ‫لكغ‬٣
understand understood understood ْٜ‫ل‬٣
unwind unwound unwound ٢‫وف‬٣ ، ‫لي‬٣
sweep swept swept ‫ٌَؼ‬٣ ،‫َٔؼ‬٣ ، ٌٌ٘٣
upset upset upset ُْٞ٣ ، ‫يػظ‬٣
wake waked/woke waked /woke/woken ‫هع‬ٞ٣ ، ‫وع‬٤‫َز‬٣
wear wore worn ١‫ورل‬٣ ، ٌ‫ِج‬٣
weave wove woven ‫ى‬ٞ‫ؾ‬٣ ، ‫َ٘ظ‬٣
weep wept wept ‫ػ‬ٞ٘٣ ، ٢ٌ‫ج‬٣
win won won ‫ى‬ٞ‫ل‬٣ ، ‫وثؼ‬٣
withdraw withdrew withdrawn ‫َؾت‬٣ ، ‫َ٘ؾت‬٣
withhold withheld withheld َ‫ؼوه‬٣ ، ‫ؾغت‬٣
withstand withstood withstood َٔ‫زؾ‬٣ ، ٚ‫اع‬ٞ٣ ، ّٝ‫وب‬٣
write wrote written ‫ئُق‬٣ ، َ‫َغ‬٣ ، ‫ٌزت‬٣

51 Toppers Dictionary