UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

verified with amendments. refer to the

attachment.

13.nov.2023

KNS 2591
CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3

LABORATORY PROCEDURE APPROVAL

Code & Title L2- Soil Compaction
Date of Experiment 14.11. 2023
Lecturer Dr. Dayangku Salma
Group 1A
MUHAMMAD RAFIUDDIN BIN BASHEER (84743)

ANSELM MCBRYAN ANAK FREDRIC (84234)

Group Members
MUHAMAD ZAIDI BIN ABAS (82706)

FARID ISYRAF BIN JAIDIL (79406)

INTRODUCTION

Compaction is the process of reducing the volume of a mass of soil by applying brief loads,
like rolling, tamping, or vibration, to the mixture of solid soil particles, air, and water. When
soil is compacted, air is released without significantly altering the soil mass's water content.

OBJECTIVES

1. To identify the ideal water content and maximum dry density for the chosen soil.
2. To evaluate the soil's compatibility by lowering the amount of air or void space
between the particles.
3. To determine the soil's maximum unit weight.
4. To evaluate the in-situ density of compacted soil using a sand pouring cylinder.
5. To determine the soil bearing capacity for the purpose of evaluating pressures on
underlying strata for settlement computation and slope stability study.

APPARATUS

Compaction mould 1000 ml capacity, 6 kg rammer, Detachable base plate, Collar 60 mm

high, IS Sieve 4.75 mm, Oven, Moisture cans, Desiccator, Weighing balance with accuracy of
1g, Large mixing pan, Straight edge spatula, Graduated jars, Mixing tools, spoons, trowels.,
Steel ruler, Vernier callipers, Thermostat.

PROCEDURE

In laboratory this is sand cone replacement method?

1. Prepare the apparatus and sieve the sand through a 1.18mm opening sieve.
2. Measure the mass of the cylinder (sand pouring cylinder) and metal tray using a
weighing balance.
3. Measure the diameter and height of the calibrating container using a vernier caliper.
4. Close the shutter and pour sand into the cylinder until it reaches about 15 mm from
the top.
5. Measure the mass of the sand in the cylinder.
6. Place the cylinder vertically on the calibrating container with the metal tray in
between.
 7. Open the shutter to allow sand to exit the cylinder and close it once the sand
movement stops.
8. Take out the sand pouring cylinder, calculate its mass, and collect and weigh the sand
left on the metal tray. Measure the sand in the calibrating container.
9. Repeat the experiment three times to enhance accuracy.

At field to measure??

1. Preparing the necessary apparatus and sieving the sand to ensure particles pass
through a 1.18mm opening.
2. Locating a clean and flat area for testing purposes.
3. Digging a hole measuring 139.67mm in depth and 88.81mm in diameter. Weighing
the soil excavated from the hole.
4. Take a small portion of the soil for moisture content testing using an oven.

Proctor Method:compaction? ? what is the specific gravity used ?

1. Preparing the apparatus and sieving the soil through a 4.75mm opening.
2. Measuring the mass, height, and diameter of the mold using a weighing balance and
vernier caliper.
3. Mix the soil with water and lay it in the mold in approximately equal layers.
Compacting each layer with 25 uniform blows using a 2.5kg rammer.how about moulding water ? what is the %
of the mass of soil used?
4. After filling the mold, trim the excess soil and weigh the compacted soil in the mold.
5. Take a small amount of soil from the compacted mold, place it in a can, and weigh it.
6. Place the compacted soil in the oven for 24 hours, then recording its mass.
Data and Result
Location Laboratory
Test no. 1(kg) 2(kg) 3(kg) Average
Measurement
Value (kg)
Mass of Sand + Sand
Cone (Before Pouring), A
Mass of Sand + Sand
Cone (After Pouring), B
Mass of Tray + Sand
Mass of Sand + Calibrating
Container
Mass of Sand in Tray,C

Soil density measurements

Location Field
Test No. 1(kg)
Mass of Soil + Cone (Before Pouring) D
Mass of Soil + Cone (After Pouring) E
Mass of sand + tray F
Mass of sand in tray G
Mass of Tray + Soil H
Mass of Tray I
Mass of Excavated Soil J
Mass of Empty Moisture Can K
Moisture Can + Soil (Saturated) L
Moisture Can + Soil (Dry) M

Compaction test
Mould Type
Rammer
No. Of Layers
No. Blows of Layers
Test Sample
Table of preparation
Tray No.
Total Mass of Sample (g)
Diameter Mould (cm)
Depth of Mould (cm)
Table of collected data
Test No. 1 2 3
Water Added (ml)
Mould + Soil (g)
Mould + Base (g)
Compacted soil (g)
Compacted soil (kg)
Mould
Volume(cm3)
Mould Volume (m3)
Bulk Density,�
(kg/m3)
Bulk Unit Weight,
ywet (kN/m3)
Dry Density, ����
(kN/�3)
Dry Unit Weight,
yDry (kN/m3)
Container No A B C A B C A B C
Wet Soil –Container
(g)
Dry Soil –Container
(g)
Container (g)
Moisture Loss (g)
Dry Soil (g)
Dry Soil (kg)
Moisture Content
(%)
Average Water
Content (%)
Test No. 3 4 5
Water Added (ml)
Mould + Soil (g)
Mould + Base (g)
Compacted soil (g)
Compacted soil (kg)
Mould
Volume(cm3)
Mould Volume (m3)
Bulk Density,�
(kg/m3)
Bulk Unit Weight,
ywet (kN/m3)
Dry Density, ����
(kN/�3)
Dry Unit Weight,
yDry (kN/m3)
Container No A B C A B C A B C
Wet Soil –Container
(g)
Dry Soil –Container
(g)
Container (g)
Moisture Loss (g)
Dry Soil (g)
Dry Soil (kg)
Moisture Content
(%)
Average Water
Content (%)