d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L

;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

g]kfn ;/sf/
sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno
efb| !, @)&%
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jt{dfg ;/sf/ /fhgLlts ?kfGt/0fsf] nfdf] sfnv08 kZrft
;d[4 g] kfn, ;'vL g] kfnL sf]efjgfnfO{ cfTd;fy u/ L cfly{s
tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf]lbzfdf cl3 jl9/x]sf]5 . o;};Gb{edf
cfh}b]lv sfof{Gjogdf cfpg]d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtf, d'n'sL b]jfgL
sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf, d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf, d'n'sL kmf}h  bf/L sfo{ljlw
;+lxtf, kmf}h  bf/L s;"/-;hfo lgwf{/0f /sfof{Gjog_ P]g, @)&$
n]d"ne"t ?kdf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf d]?b08sf]?kdf
;d]t /xs ] f 5g\ . ;fy}oL ;+lxtfx¿ JolQmsf]JolQmut, kfl/jfl/s, ;fdflhs tyf
Jofkfl/s ;DaGwx¿nfO{ cfw'lgs ljlwzf:qLo dfGotf adf]lhd kl/eflift ug]{dxTjk"0f{
cfwf/lznf x'g\ . ;j{;fwf/0fsf lzi6frf/, ;'ljwf Pj+ cfly{s lxt sfod /fVg tyf
cfly{s, ;fdflhs /;fF:s[lts If]qdf Gofok"0f{ Joj:yf sfod u/L ljleÌ hft, hflt
jf ;Dk|bfox¿jLrsf];'–;DaGw sfod /fVgsf]nflu d'n'sL P]g tyf cGo sfg"gx¿df
/xs] f b]jfgL tyf kmf}h
 bf/L sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg /PsLs/0f u/L ;dofg's'n agfpg oL
;+lxtfx¿ nfu" ePsf 5g\ . plNnlvt ;+lxtfx¿df ePsf d'Vo d'Vo Joj:yf ;d]6]/
k|sfzg ePsf]o; k'l: tsfn];DalGwt ;a} df yf]/} eP klg oL ;+lxtfx¿sf jf/ df
]
hfgsf/L lbnfpg]ljZJff; lnPsf]5' .
nfdf];dob]lvsf]cys k|of; /;j}s f];xof] uaf6 NofOPsf ;+lxtf sfof{Gjog
x'g]P]ltxfl;s lbgsf]cj;/df d Hofb}xlif{t 5' . g]kfnsf];+ljwfg sfof{Gjogsf]
cj: yf;+u};+lxtfsf];d] t sfof{Gjogsf]o; 38Ldf Oltxf;n]sfg"g, Gofo tyf
;+;bLo dfldnf dGqLsf]x} l;tdf dnfO{ h'g e"ldsf, st{Jo /lhDd] jf/
L k"/f ug]{
cleef/f k|bfg ul/of], To;sf]nflu d ;j}k|lt cfef/L 5' . o; cj;/df d ;DdfggLo
/fi6«klt, ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL, ;DdfgLo ;efd'v, ljwfog ;ldltsf dfggLo ;efklt
tyf ;Dk"0f{ dfggLo ;b:ox¿, d:of}bf tof/ug]{sfo{bnsf ;+of]h  s tyf ;b:ox¿,
sfg"g kl/dfh{g ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg];Dk"0f{ ;/fs ] f/jfnfx¿ tyf lj1x¿, sfg"g, Gofo
tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnosf ;lrjnuftosf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx¿ /;Da4 ;j}df
xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' .

efg' eQm 9sfn

dGqL
sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno
@)&%.)%.)! z's|jf/
 dGtJo
;+jt\ @)@) ;fnb] lv nfu" / x]
sf]d'n'sL P]
gnfO{ k|lt:
yfkg u/ L
nfu" ePsf d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtf, d'n'sL b]jfgL sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf,
d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf, d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf /kmf}hbf/L
s;"/-;hfo lgwf{/0f /sfof{Gjg_ P]g , @)&$ n]ljZjJofkL ?kdf
b]jfgL tyf kmf}h bf/L sfg"gdf ljsf; ePsf gjLgtd cjwf/0ffnfO{
;d]t cfTd;fy u/]sf 5g\ . oL ;+lxtfx¿sf]dfWodaf6 gful/ssf
b}lgs Jojxf/;~rfngb]lv ;dfhdf zflGt /Joj:yf sfod /fVg
d2t k'Ug]5  .
x/]s d'n'ssf] sfg"g k|0ffnLn] ;dfh ljsf;sf] qmd;Fu} sfg""gL ;'wf/sf] ;d]t ck]Iff
ub{5 . g] kfndf k'/ fgf /ckof{Kt dxz'; ul/ Psf sfg"gx¿nfO{ PsLs[t ;+lxtfsf]
dfWodaf6 Jojl:yt ug{sf]nflu ;+jt\ @))& ;fndf ePsf]k|hftGqsf]:yfkgf;Fu}
ljleGg k|of;x¿ ePsf x'g t/tL k|of;x¿n]d't{ ?k eg]lng ;s]gg\ . kl5Nnf
bzsx¿df ePsf / fhgLlts pknJwL tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf]ultnfO{ sfg"gL
If]qdf ;d]t ?kfGt/0f ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf tTsfnLg dfggLo GofofwLzx¿sf];+of]hsTjdf b'O{j6f sfo{bn u7g u/L
;+lxtf ;DaGwL sfg"g lgdf{0fdf 7f]; sbd cufl8 a9fPsf]lyof]  . nfdf];dosf]k|of;
/ ;Da4 ;a} If]qsf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{af6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] tTsfnLg Joj:yflksf–
;+;bdf k]z u/]sf ;+lxtf ;DaGwL ljw]o sx¿ ?kfGtl/t Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]sfo{sfn
;lsg];+3f/df @)&% ;fn ebf}! ut]af6 nfu" x'g]u/L kfl/t ePsf];Gbe{ xfdL
;a}nfO{ ljlbt}5 . nfdf]Oltxf; /df}lns k/Dk/f af]s]sf]d'n'sL P]g ;+jt @)@)
;fn efb| ! ut]hf/L ePsf]lyof] . d'n'sL P]g nfu" ePsf]pQm P]ltxfl;s lbgsf]
;+: d/
0f ub}{ cfh}b] lv oL ;+lxtfx¿ nfu" ePsf 5g\ . oL ;+lxtfx¿sf]k|efjsf/ L
sfof{Gjogaf6 d'n'ssf]sfg"g k|0ffnLdf cu|ufdL kl/jt{g x'g uO{ Gofodf ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfsf]kx'Fr clej[l4 x'g]ljZjf; lnPsf]5' .
cGTodf o; k'l:tsf k|sfzgsf]lgldQ of]ubfg ug]{dGqfnosf ;j}sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{
wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

/fhLj uf}td
;lrj
sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno
@)&%.)%.)! z's|jf/
!= kl/ro
;fljssf]d'n'sL P]gsf Joj:yfx¿nfO{ kl/dfh{g tyf ;d;fdlos agfO{
d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtf, d'n'sL b]j fgL sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf, d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf
/d'n'sL kmf}h bf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf ;+jt\ @)&$ ;fn c;f]h #) ut]hf/L
ePsf lyP .
;"rgf k|ljlwsf]ljsf;nfO{ ;d]t ljrf/u/L Gofo k|zf;g tyf ;DkfbgnfO{
cfw'lgsLs/ 0f tyf k|ljlwd} qL agfpg /;"rgf /k|ljlwsf]ljsf;af6
;[lht sltko s;"/hGo sfo{nfO{ ;d]t sfg"gsf]bfo/fdf Nofpg]u/L
cfjZos Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 .
;f]x| jif{ pd]/ k"/f gu/]sf] afnaflnsfnfO{ gfaflnu dfgL cfPsf]df
;+lxtfdf c7f/jif{ pd]/gk'u]sf]afnaflnsfnfO{ gfaflnu dflgPsf]5 .
g]kfnsf] sfg"gsf] If]qdf k|of]udf /x]sf cEof;sf] ;fy;fy} b]jfgL tyf
kmf}hbf/L sfg"gsf]If]qdf ljsl;t gjLgtd dfGotfx¿nfO{ ;d]t ;+lxtfx¿df
;dfj]z  ul/Psf] 5 .
oL ;+lxtfx¿nfO{ ;fdfGo sfg"gsf]?kdf Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 /;+lxtfdf
Joj:yf ul/Psf s'g} ljifodf a]Un} P]gaf6 Joj:yf ul/Pdf To:tf] ljifodf
;f]xL P]g -ljz]if sfg"g_ nfu" x'g]Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 .

@= ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx¿

@=! d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtf
 xfn ;Dds} nfdf] P]g
d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtf g]kfnsf] xfn;Ddsf] ;a}e Gbf nfdf] P]g ePsf] /
of];+lxtfdf ^ efu, %@ kl/R5]b /&@! j6f bkmf /xs ] f .

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? !

  gful/s clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gdf lhNnf cbfntaf6} pkrf/ kfO{g]
s;}n]s;}nfO{ klg s'g}klg cfwf/df e]befj ug{ gkfOg]/s;}n]
s;}sf]gful/s clwsf/pNn+3g u/L Iflt k'¥ofPdf jf Iflt k'¥ofpg
nfu]df ;DalGwt pRr cbfnt jf lhNnf cbfntdf ph"/ug{ ;lsg]  .
 c;n l5d]sL kg sfod ug{]
k|To]s JolQmn]cfkm" /x]a;]s  f]7fpFsf];d'bfo jf l5d]s  LnfO{ xfgL
gf]S;fgL gx'g]u/L c;n l5d]sLkg sfod ug{' kg{] .
 JolQmsf]¿kdf dfGotf kfpg]/clwsf/k|of]u ug{]clwsf/x'g]
 k|To] s JolQmn]hGdgf;fy JolQmsf]¿kdf dfGotf kfpg],
 hGdgf;fy gfdsf]clwsf//cfkm\gf]gfd, OHht /k|lti7fsf]
/Iff ug]{ clwsf/ x'g],
 c? s;} n]klg cGo JolQmsf]gfd b'¿kof]u ug{ gkfOg] .
 z/L/sf] k/LIf0f, pkrf/, cË kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg]
s'g} klg JolQmn] sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] k/LIf0f,
pkrf/, cË kl/jt{g jf z/L/sf]s'g}cËsf]s'g}c+z jf To;sf]
s'g}gd"gf ;°ng ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg] .
 cfkm\gf] bfx ;+:sf/sf] ljlw cfkm} lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]
s'g}klg JolQmn]hLljt 5Fb}cfkm\gf]bfx ;+:s  f/, sfhlsl/ of jf
;butsf] ljlw cfkm} lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] / To;/L ljlw lgwf{/0f u/]sf]df
xsjfnfn]klg dg] { JolQmsf]OR5f adf] lhd lghsf]bfx ;+: sf/,
sfhlsl/of jf ;but ug'{ kg]{.
 d[To'kl5 cfkm\gf]zj, z/L/sf]s'g}cË bfg ug{ ;Sg]
s'g}klg JolQmn]lnlvt ¿kdf OR5f JoQm u/L cfkm\gf]d[To'kl5 cfkm\
gf]zj, z/L/sf]s'g}cË jf To;sf]s'g}c+z vf; sfdsf]nflu
k|of]u ug{ jf u/fpg s;}nfO{ bfg lbg ;Sg] .
 a;f]af;sf] 7]ufgf lgwf{/0fsf] nflu :ki6 Joj:yf
JolQmsf] a;f]af;sf] 7]ufgfsf] lgwf{/0f b]xfo adf]lhd x'g] M­
 s'g} JolQmn] a;f]af;sf] nflu s'g} 7]ufgf lbPsf]df ;f]xL 7]ufgf,

@ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

  a;f]af;sf] nflu 7]ufgf lbPsf] /x]g5 eg] g]kfnleq lghn]
:yfoL ¿kdf a;f]af; u/]sf] 7fpF,
 g]k fnleq :yfoL a;f]af; klg gePdf jf a;f]af; kQf gnfu]df
To:tf]JolQm tTsfn a;f]af; ub}{cfPsf]7fpF,
 tTsfn a;f]a f; ub{}cfPsf 7fpF klg kQf gnfu]df lghn]s'g}
Jofkf/, Joj;fo, /f]huf/ jf sf/f]af/ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] To:tf]
Jofkf/, Joj;fo, /f]huf/ jf sf/f]af/ u/]sf] 7fpF .
 em'§f ph'/L lbPdf Ifltk"lt{ ltg{' kg{]
s;}n] s;}nfO{ b'Mv lbg] jf xflg, gf]S;fgL k'/\ofpg] lgotn] gful/s
clwsf/ pNn+3g u/]sf] elg em'§f ph'/L lbPsf] 7x/]df To;/L em'§f
ph'/L lbg]JolQmn]k|ToyL{nfO{ cbfntdf nfu]sf]vr{, cbfntL b:t'/
/ sfg"g Joj;foLsf] vr{ ;d]t hf]8]/ cbfntn] tf]s]sf] Ifltk"lt{ lbg'
kg]{ .

d[To' ePsf]cg'dfg /d[To'sf]Goflos 3f]if0ff

 c;L aif{eGbf a9L pd]
/ePsf], o'4df vl6Psf]/b'3{6gfdf
k/L j]kQf ePsf]JolQmsf]xsdf lgh hLljt ePsf];fdfGo
hfgsf/L k|fKt gePdf qmdzM kf“r aif{, rf/aif{ /tLg aif{ kl5
To:tf]JolQm JolQmsf]d[To' ePsf]cg'dfg ul/g] .
 j]
kQf ePsf], ljkb\ jf b'3{6gfdf k/]sf]s'g}JolQmsf]d[To'
ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/L kfpg ;/f]sf/jfnfn] lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn]
d[To'sf]Goflos 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg] .

 sfg"gL JolQm ;DaGwL lj:t[t Joj:yf

 ;Ifd ;fj{hlgs clwsf/L ;dIf btf{ ePkl5 dfq sfg"gL JolQm
;+:yfkg x'g]/btf{ eP kl5 To:tf]JolQmn];+ul7t JolQmTj k|fKt
ug]{,
 g]kfn /fHo, g]kfn ;/sf/ nufotsf lgsfo jf ;+:yfn] :jtM
sfg"gL JolQmsf]x}l;ot k|fKt ug{],
 sfg"gL JolQmsf]tkm{af6 sfdsf/afxL ubf{ s;}nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL
ePdf To;sf]lhDd]jf/L sfg"gL JolQmsf]x'g]/Ifltk"lt{ ltg{' kg{],

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? #

  bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf]afx| jif{ kl5 bfdf;fxLsf]cj:yfsf]cGTo x'g]
 bfdf;fxLdf kg{ nfu] sf]JolQm cfkm}
Fn]bfdf;fxL ug{ cbfntdf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg],
 lgoldt cfDbfgL ePsf]jf eljiodf cfDbfgL x'g]lglZrttf ePsf]
JolQmn]cfkm\gf]cfDbfgLaf6 lglZrt cjlwdf C0f jf cGo bfloTj
e'QmfgL jf km5\of}{6 ug{ ;Sg]ePdf bfdf;fxL k|f/De gul/g],
 Psk6s bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf]JolQm !@ jif{sf]cjlw e'Qmfg eP kl5
lgh bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf] cj:yf eGbf cl3sf] cj:yfdf k'ga{xfnL
x'g]  .
 ljjfx ;DaGwL

 ljjfx ug{sf]nflu k'?if /dlxnfsf]pd]/aL; jif{ pd]/

 k"/f
ePsf]x'g'k5{ ;f]pd]/k"/f geO ljjfx ePdf sfg"g adf]lhd
;hfo ug{ /ljjfx ab/u/fpg ;lsg]
 aL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf xf8gftfdf gkg{]cljjflxt k'?if /
dlxnfn]Ps csf{nfO{ klt kTgLsf]?kdf :jLsf/ug{ dGh'/
u/]df ljjfx x'g ;Sg]
 h'g;'s}lsl;daf6 ePsf]ljjfx ;fj{hlgs ug{' u/fpg' kg]{

 btf{ ljjfx -sf]6{ Dofl/h _ btf{ u/]/ljjfx ubf{ lhNnf cbfntaf6

u/fpg' kg]{
 ljjfx btf{ u/fpg' kg]{
 ljjfx ePsf] dflgg] cj:yfM
 s'g} k'?if / dlxnfn] s'g} pT;j, ;df/f]x, cf}krfl/s jf cGo
s'g} sfo{af6 Ps csf{nfO{ klt kTgLsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ u/]df,
 k'?if;Fusf] zf/Ll/s ;Dks{af6 ue{wf/0f u/L lzz' hlGdPsf]
k|dfl0ft ePdf,
 cbfntdf btf{ u/L ljjfx u/]sf]df,

$ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 ljjfx ljjfx kl5sf]y/
 ljjflxtf dlxnfn]ljjfx kl5 afa' jf cfdfn]k|of]u u/]sf]y/jf
lghsf]kltsf]y/jf b'j}y/k|of]u ug{ ;Sg],
 ljjflxtf dlxnfsf]y/ sf];DaGwdf s'g}k|Zg p7] df cGoyf
k|dfl0ft ePsf]df afx]s lghn] cfk\mgf] kltsf] y/ k|of]u u/]sf]
dflgg],
 kltsf] y/ k|of]u u/]sL dlxnfsf] ;DaGw ljR5]b ePdf lghn]
rfx]df lghsf] afa' jf cfdfn] k|of]u u/]sf] y/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]  .
• j}jflxs ;DaGwsf]cGTo /k'gM ljjfx
j}jflxs ;DaGwsf] cGTo k'gM ljjfx ug{ kfpg]cj:yf
ePsf] dflgg] cj:yf
 ljjfx :jtM ab/ ePsf]df,  klt /kTgL ljrsf]
 ljjfx ab/ u/fPdf, j}jflxs ;DaGw cGTo
 sfg"g adf]lhd klt kTgLaLr ePsf]df,
;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf]df,  klt jf kTgLsf]d[To'
 kltn]sfg"g adf]lhd ;DaGw ePsf]df,
ljR5]b gx'Fb} csf{] ljjfx  klt kTgLn]sfg"g adf]lhd
u/]df . c+zj08f u/L leGg
ePdf .

ljjfxsf] kl/0ffd
 j}
jflxs ;DaGw sfod /
x]
sf bDklt Ps csf{sf]klt
/ kTgLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] dflgg], klt / kTgLn] Ps csf]{nfO{
;xof]u, ;+/If0f / ;Ddfg ug'{ kg]]{,
 klt jf kTgL jf kl/jf/sf ;b:on]Ps csf{nfO{ lghsf];Lk,
of]Uotf jf Ifdtf cg';f/sf]k]zf, Joj;fo jf sfd ug{ /f]Sg
gx'g],
 cfk;L ;dembf/Laf6 5'§} jf;:yfg lgwf{/0f u/]sf]df afx]s
kTgLsf]jf;:yfg kltsf]3/df sfod x'g],
 ;fdfGo 3/Jojxf/ sf]sfddf klt jf kTgL Ps csf{sf]
k|ltlglw dflgg] .

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? %

  cfk;L ;xdltdf 3/Jojxf/rnfpg' kg]{
klt kTgLn]Ps csf{nfO{ cfkm\gf]OHht /Ifdtf cg';f/vfg
nufpg tyf :jf:Yof]krf/sf] Joj:yf ug{' u/fpg' kg]{,
 Psf;uf] nsf klt kTgLn]cfkm\gf];DklQ, cfDbfgL tyf x}l;ot
cg'¿k cfk;L ;xdltsf]cfwf/df 3/Jojxf/rnfpg' kg]{,
 klt /kTgLn]cfkm\gf]gfddf / x]sf];DklQ laqmL jf cGo tj/n]
x:tfGt/
0f ubf{ sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj: yf ePsf] df afx]
s Ps
csf{sf]d~h'/L lng' kg]{.
 ;DaGw ljR5]b
 ug{ nfUg]cjlw
 ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ rfxg]klt jf kTgLn]cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{,
 klt / kTgLn] d]nldnfk ug{ d~h'/ gu/]df lgj]bg k/]sf] Ps
jif{kl5 cbfntn];DaGw ljR5]b u/fO{ lbg] .

kltn];DaGw ljR5]b
 ug{ ;Sg]cj:yf
 kTgLn]kltsf]d~h'/L glnO{ nuftf/tLg jif{ jf ;f]e
 Gbf a9L
;dob]lv cnu a;]df,
 kTgLn]kltnfO{ vfg nufpg glbPdf jf 3/ af6 lgsfnf
ul/lbPdf,
 kTgLn]kltsf]cË eË x'g]jf c¿ s'g}7"nf]zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s
si6 x'g]lsl;dsf]s'g}sfd jf hfn k|k~r u/]df,
 kTgLn] cGo k'?if;Fu of}g ;DaGw /fv]sf] 7x/]df .

kTgLn];DaGw ljR5]b
 ug{ ;Sg]cj:yf
 kltn]kTgLsf]d~h'/L glnO{ nuftf/tLg jif{ jf ;f]e
 Gbf a9L
;dob]lv cnu a;]df,
 kltn]kTgLnfO{ vfg nufpg glbPdf jf 3/ af6 lgsfnf
ul/lbPdf,
 kltn]kTgLsf]cË eË x'g]jf c¿ s'g}7"nf]zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s
si6 x'g]lsl;dsf]s'g}sfd jf hfn k|k~r u/]df,
 kltn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df,
 kltn] cGo dlxnf;Fu of}g ;DaGw /fv]sf] 7x/]df,
 kltn] kTgLnfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] 7x/]df .

^ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 ljjflxt kltaf6 hlGdPsf]cg'dfg ul/g]
 cGoyf k|dfl0ft ePsf]df afx]s  ljjfx ePsf]ldltaf6 Ps ;o
c;L lbg kl5 /kltsf]d[To' ePsf]jf j}jflxs ;DaGw cGTo
ePsf]ldltaf6 b'O{ ;o axQ/lbgleq hlGdPsf]lzz' ljjflxt
kltaf6 hlGdPsf] cg'dfg ul/g],
 klt kTgL aLr cGoyf ;xdlt ePsf]jf ljjfx ug'{ cufl8 s'g}
dlxnf ue{jtL ePsf]yfxf kfP/jf yfxf kfpg' kg] { dgfl;a
sf/0f eO{ s'g} k'?ifn] To:tf] dlxnf;Fu ljjfx u/]sf]df afx]s
ljjfx ePsf]Ps ;o c;L lbg cufl8 g}kTgLaf6 hlGdPsf]
lzz'sf]lkt[TjnfO{ kltn]/To:tf]lzz'sf]hGd x'g' cufl8 g}
kltsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] /x]5 eg] lghsf] xsjfnfn] OGsf/ ug{
;Sg]  .
 lkt[Tj jf dft[Tjsf]bfaL
 lkt[Tj jf dft[Tjsf]7] ufg gePsf]lzz' cfkm\gf]5f]/f jf 5f]/L xf]
egL bfaL ug'{ kbf{ To:tf]lzz' hlGdPsf]jf klxrfg ePsf]ldltn]
b'O{ jif{leq ul/;Sg' kg]{,
 lkt[Tjsf]7] ufg geO{ hlGdPsf]lzz'sf]lkt[Tj bfaL ug'{ kbf{
To:tf] lzz' hlGdPsf]ldltn]b'O{ jif{leq ul/;Sg' kg]{.
 s[lqd uef{wfg k|0ffnLåf/f hlGdPsf]lzz' ljjflxt kltaf6 g}hlGdPsf]
dflgg]
klt kTgLsf]d~h'/ Ln]cGo s'g}JolQmsf]jLo{af6 s[lqd uef{wfg
k|0ffnLåf/ f hlGdPsf]lzz' ljjflxt kltaf6 g}hlGdPsf]dflgg]/
;f]xL adf]lhd lghsf]lkt[Tj lgwf{/0f x'g] .
 gfd / y/sf] clwsf/
 k|To]s JolQmn]hGd]k  l5 cf–cfkm\gf]wd{, ;+:s
 [lt, rng /k/Dk/f
cg';f/ lghsf] cfdf jf afa'n] /fv]sf] gfd kfpg],
 s;} sf]cfdf jf afa' tTsfn pknAw gePdf jf pknAw x'g ;Sg]
;Defjgf g/x]df lghn] cfkm"nfO{ x]/rfx ug]{ ;+/Ifs jf dfyj/n]
/fv] adf]lhdsf] gfd kfpg],
 s'g}JolQmn]]rfx] df cfk\mgf]afa' jf cfdf jf b'js } f]y/k|of]u ug{
;Sg],

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? &

  afa' jf cfdf b'j}sf] 7]ufg gnfu]sf] JolQmn]] lghnfO{ x]/rfx ug]{
;+/Ifsåf/f lbOPsf]y/cfkm\gf]gfd k5fl8 k|of]u ug{ kfpg] .
 cfdf afa'sf]cf1f, cfb]zsf]kfngf ug'{ kg{]
gfafns 5f]/f, 5f]/L cfdf, afa'sf] ;'kl/j]If0f, lgu/fgL, lgoGq0f,
;+/If0f jf clVtof/L cGtu{t /xg]/To:tf gfafnsn]cfdf afa'n]
sfg"g ;Ddt lbPsf]cf1f, cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf]kfngf ug'{ kg]{.
 clwsf/ bfloTj sfod} /xg]
klt kTgL aLrsf]j}j flxs ;DaGw cGTo eP tfklg lghx¿af6 hlGdPsf
5f]/f, 5f]/Lsf]afa', cfdf dflysf]sfg"gL clwsf//lgh k|ltsf]afa',
cfdfsf] bfloTj sfod} /xg]  .
 cfb/tyf ;Ddfg ug'{ kg]{
 5f]/ f 5f]/
Ln]cfkm\gf cfdf afa'nfO{ cfb/tyf ;Ddfgsf ;fy
Jojxf/ ug'{ kg]{,
 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] cfdf afa'nfO{ Psf;uf]ndf a;]sf] jf leGg eO;s]sf]
h];'s}eP tfklg cfkm\gf]cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs x}l;ot cg';f/
cfjZos x]/rfx, :ofxf/ ;Def/, cf}ifwf]krf/ jf /]vb]v ug'{ kg]{ .
 5f]/f 5f]/L pk/sf] st{Jo / lhDd]af/L cfdf afa'sf] a/fa/L x'g]
 cfdf afa'n] cfkm\gf 5f]/f 5f]/L pk/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] clVtof/L,
k"/f ug'{ kg]{lhDd]jf/L tyf kfngf ug'{ kg]{st{Jo lghx¿ b'js } f]
;xdltn];+o'Qm ¿kdf ug'{ kg]{.
 cfkm\gf] 5f]/f, 5f]/Lsf] kfngkf]if0f, lzIff tyf bLIff, v]ns'b,
:jf:Yof]krf/, dgf]/~hg, ;'ljwf jf 3/]n' sfdsfhdf 5f]/f jf
5f]/Lsf] cfwf/df jf 5f]/f 5f]/f jf 5f]/L 5f]/L aLr s'g} lsl;dn]
e]befj ug{ gkfO{g] .
 ljz]if ;x'lnot /;+/If0f k|bfg ug{]
cfdf afa'n]zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ¿kn]czQm jf ckfËtf ePdf 5f]/f
5f]/LnfO{ ljz]if ;x'lnot /;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{ kg]{.

* d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 5f]/f jf 5f]/ L x'g]JolQmn];d]t
 wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg ;Sg]
cbfntn]cfb]z u/]df 5f]/f jf 5f]/L x'g]JolQmnfO{ klg wd{k'q jf
wd{k'qL /fVg lbg ;lsg] .
 lhNnf cbfntaf6 k|df0fLs/0f u/fP/dfq wd{k'q wd{k'qL /fVg ;lsg]
wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL ;DaGwL lnvtnfO{ lhNnf cbfntaf6 k|df0fLs/0f
u/fP/dfq wd{k'q wd{k'qL /fVg ;lsg] .
 ;a}c+lzof/c+zsf ;dfg xsbf/
;uf]nsf];DklQ c+za08f ug]{k|of]hgsf]nflu klt, kTgL, afa', cfdf,
5f]/f, 5f]/L c+lzof/ dflgg], k|To]s c+lzof/ c+zsf] ;dfg xsbf/
x'g]  .
 ue{sf]lzz'nfO{ c+z 5'6\ofpg' kg]{
c+za08f ubf{sf avt s'g}dlxnf c+lzof/ue{jtL ePdf /lghn]
hGdfpg]lzz' c+lzof/x'g]ePdf To;/L hGdg]lzz'nfO{ ;d]t ;dfg
c+lzof/dfgL lghsf]c+z efu 5'6\ofP/dfq c+za08f ug'{ kg]{.
 c+z kfpg em'6[f gfln; u/]df Ifltk"lt{ ltg{' kg{]
c+z gkfpg]n] gfln; u/]sf] 7x/]df cbfntn] lauf] v'Ng cfPdf lauf]
/lauf]v'Ng gcfPdf lghsf]x}l;ot ljrf/u/L gfln; ug]{JolQmaf6
dgfl;a Ifltk"lt{sf]/sd k|ltjfbLnfO{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{.
 :ofxf/ ug{]n] ck'tfnL kfpg]
 s'g} JolQmnfO{ lghsf] glhssf] xsjfnfn] :ofxf/ ;Def/ gu/L
6f9fsf] xsjfnfn] :ofxf/ ;Def/ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] lghsf] ck'tfnL
To;/L :ofxf/;Def/ ug]{ xsjfnfn] kfpg],
 ;uf]nsf] xsjfnfn] :ofxf/ ;Def/ gu/L s'g} JolQm cfkm\gf] c+z
lnO{ leGg a;]sf]xsjfnf;Fu a:g uPsf]cj:yfdf d[To' ePdf
lghsf]ck'tfnL To:tf leGg ePsf xsjfnfn]kfpg],
 d[tssf] :ofxf/ ;Def/ xsjfnfn] gu/L cGo JolQmn] u/]sf] eP
To:tf] ck'tfnL To;/L :ofxf/ ;Def/ ug]{ JolQmn] kfpg]  .

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? (

  lghL, ;fj{hlgs /;/sf/L ;DklQ
lghL ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ ;/sf/L ;DklQ
s'g} JolQmsf] gfddf ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
/x]sf] b]xfosf] ;DklQ nflu /x]sf b]xfosf] xs, :jfldTj,
jf To;af6 a9]a9fPsf] ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs lgoGq0f jf
;DklQ To:tf] JolQmsf] ;DklQ dflgg]M cwLgdf /x]sf]
lghL ;DklQ dflgg]M  k/fk"j{sfnb]lv b]xfosf] ;DklQ
 cfkm\gf]1fg, ;Lk /x]sf] 3/, hUuf, ;/sf/L ;DklQ
jf k|of;af6 cfh{g 9n jf af6f], dflgg] M
u/]sf],  s'jf, kFw]/f],  ;/sf/L 3/,
 bfg, as; jf kfgL3f6, Ogf/, ejg jf hUuf,
ck'tfnL :j¿k k|fKt kf]v/L tyf  ;8s, af6f]jf
u/]sf], To;sf] 8Ln, /]Nj],
 lr7\7f jf pkxf/  ufO{j:t'  jg, hËn jf
:j¿k k|fKt u/]sf], lgsfNg] lgsf;, jg hËndf
 kfl/>lds, pkbfg, uf}r/, vs{, /x]sf ?v,
lgj[Qe/0f, pkrf/ cGToi6L:yn, a'6\ofg,
vr{, ;~ro sf]if, lrxfg, d;fg3f6,  gbL, vf]nfgfnf,
aLdf jf cGo ;dflw:yn tfn, kf]v/L
;fdflhs ;'/If0f sla|:yfg /x]sf] tyf To;sf]
jfkt k|fKt u/]sf], hUuf, l8n,
 af} l4s ;DklQ jf  kf6L, kf}jf,  gx/, s'nf] jf
/f]oN6L :j¿k k|fKt b]jn, wfld{s P]nfgL, ktL{
u/]sf], pkf;gf:yn, hUuf,
 sfg"g adf]lhd dfgf]
:df/s, d7,  vlgh jf
5'l§O{ leGg a;]sf] dlGb/, r}To, u'Daf, vlgh kbfy{,
cj:yfdf jf To;/L :t"k, d:hLb,
Obufx, sa|ufx,  lxdfn, eL/,
dfgf]g5'l§P klg kx/f, 8u/,
vlt pklt luhf{3/, rf]s,
8anL, rf}tf/L jf au/, ;fj{hlgs
cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] u/L au}Frf,
vfg' a:g' u/]sf] ;f] /x]sf] hUuf,
cj:yfdf h'g;'s}
tj/n] k|fKt u/]sf],

!) d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 lghL ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ ;/sf/L ;DklQ
 dlxnfn] ljjfx  xf6, d]nf,  ;fj{hlgs,
k"j{ cfh{g u/]sf], ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf ;fd'bflos, u'7L
k|fKt u/]sf] jf dgf]/~hg ug]{ jf jf s'g} JolQmsf]
ljjfx x'Fbfsf avt v]ns'b ug]{ 7fpF gfddf /x]sf]
dfOtLaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] /x]sf] hUuf, ;DklQ afx]s  sf]
;DklQ jf To;af6  ;fj{hlgs cGo ;DklQ .
a9] a9fPsf], k|of]hgsf] nflu
 dlxnfnfO{ klt jf s;}n] k|bfg u/]sf]
klt tkm{sf ;a} lghL ;DklQ,
c+lzof/x¿sf] d~h'/Ln]  g]kfn ;/sf/n]
lghsf] Psnf}6L xs g]kfn /fhkqdf
x'g] u/L lnvt u/L ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
lbPsf]jf klt tkm{sf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ
gft]bf/ jf Oi6ldqaf6 egL tf]lslbPsf]
k|fKt rn jf crn cGo ;DklQ .
;DklQ /To;af6 a9]
a9fPsf] ;DklQ,
 sfg"g adf]lhd s'g}
JolQmsf]dfq lghL
;DklQ x'g] pNn]v
u/]sf]

 k|lts"n ef]uflwsf/ /x]sf] dflgg]

;/sf/L, ;fj{hlgs, ;fd'bflos jf u'7Lsf]hUuf /s/f/jf cGo
sfg"gåf/f 5'§} Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s s'g} JolQmn] csf]{ JolQmsf]
rn ;DklQsf]xsdf tLg jif{ /hldgsf]xsdf tL; jif{eGbf a9L
;dob]lv To:tf];DklQ jf hldg cfk\mg};DklQ jf hldg ;/x ef]u
u/]df To:tf ;DklQ jf hldgdf lghsf] k|lts"n ef]uflwsf/ /x]sf]
dflgg]  .
 c?sf];DklQ laufg{ jf c;/kfg{ gkfO{g]
 cGo JolQmsf]af6f]jf lgsf; aGb u/ L, cfkm\gf]hUufsf];fFwdf
s'g}sfd jf lgdf{0f u/L jf cGo s'g}klg tj/n]s;}sf];DklQ

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? !!

 laufg{ gkfO{g]/sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s  d~h'/L glnO{ c?sf]3/
sDkfp08df k|j]z ug{ gx'g],
 cfkm\gf]hUufdf Ogf/jf s'jf vGbf ;Flwof/ sf]hUufaf6 sDtLdf
Ps ld6/b'/L sfod x'g]u/L hUuf 5f]8\g' kg]{/?v jf la?jf
nufpFbf cGo JolQmsf]3/, hUuf jf s'g};DklQnfO{ c;/kg]{
u/L nufpg gx'g] .
 hUuf lvrf]nf jf clts|d0f ug{ ug{ gx'g]
cGo JolQmsf];DklQ RofkL, ldrL jf s'g}tj/n]lvrf]nf jf cltqmd0f
ug{ gkfO{g]s;}n]cGo JolQmsf];DklQ cfkm\gf]sAhfdf lnPdf lghn]
To:tf] ;DklQ lvrf]nf jf clts|d0f u/]sf] dflgg]  .
 cfkm\gf]hUuf aflx/kfgL emfg{ gkfpg]
 ;Flwof/ sf]hUuf tkm{ em\ofn jf 9f] sf / fvL 3/agfpg' kbf{
;DalGwt lgsfon] tf]s]sf] dfkb08 adf]lhdsf] hUuf 5f]8\g' kg]{,
 cfkm\gf]3/jf jn];  Laf6 csf{sf]3/, hUuf jf ;fj{hlgs af6f]df
kfgL emfg{ gkfpg] .
 kmnf]kef]u ;DaGwL Joj:yf
cfkm\gf] xssf] ;DklQsf] :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f ljgf g} csf]{ JolQmn]
To:tf];DklQaf6 cfh{g x'g]k|ltkmn jf nfe -kmnf]kef]u_ k|fKt ug]{ .
 ;'ljwfef/sf] Joj:yf
 ljkb\ k/]sf] avt kLl8tsf] p4f/ ug{ l5d]sLsf] 3/ jf hUuf
k|of]u ug{ ;lsg],
 ljkb\ k/ L af6f]ljgfz ePdf To:tf]3/hUufdf cfpg hfgsf]
nflu klxn]b]lv af6f] k|of]u ul//x]sf] JolQmn] af6f]sf] ;'ljwf
kfpg],
 af6f]jf lgsf;sf]Joj: yf gu/L 3/jf hUuf x: tfGt/0f ug{
gx'g],
 k|To]s  3/jf hUUffsf]:jfldTjjfnfn]cfkm\gf]3/jf hUufaf6
lgsf; x'g] jiff{sf] kfgLsf] Joj:yfkg cfkm}Fn] ug'{ kg]{ / To:tf]
Joj:yf gePsf]df k|fs[lts ¿kdf jiff{sf]kfgL htf tkm{ aUb5
;f]xL adf]lhd aUg lbg' kg]{,

!@ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

  s;} sf]hUufdf pTklQ ePsf]jf ;f]af6 au]s  f]vf]nf, gbL jf
kf]v/Lsf] kfgL ;DalGwt wgLnfO{ k'u]kl5 vfg]kfgL jf l;+rfO{sf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu hf];'s}n] klg k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] / o;df ;Flwof/n]
k|fyldstf kfpg],
 v] tL ug] { hUufdf dflg; jf v] tL ug{sf]nflu k|of] u x'g]
hgfj/ cfpg] hfg] af6f] jf lgsf; g/x]sf]df ;DalGwt hUufsf]
:jfldTjjfnfn] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ af6f]jf lgsf;sf];'ljwf lbg'
kg]{ .
 3/axfndf lbFbf ;Demf}t  f ug{' kg{]
 dfl;s aL; xhf/¿k}ofFeGbf a9Ldf 3/axfndf lb+bf 3/axfndf
lng]lbg]JolQmn]lnlvt ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{,
 axfndf lbPsf] 3/df ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf u/]sf]df afx]s 
kfgL ljh'nL, 9nsf]Joj:yf ug{], axfndf a:g]nfO{ c;'/Iff jf
x}/fgL jf czflGt x'gaf6 /f]Sg] bfloTj 3/ wlgsf] x'g]
 axfn /sd ;dod} lbg], cfkm\g} 3/ ;/x ;/;kmfO{ x]/rfx,
;+/If0f /;'/Iff ug{,] 3/sf cGo JolQm jf l5d]sLnfO{ czfGtL,
x}/fgL jf c;'/Iff x'g]sfd ug{ gug{]bfloTj 3/axfndf lng]sf]
x'g]  .
 3/wgLn] cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/f gu/]df jf 3/ afxndf lng]nfO{
3/ grflxg] ePdf axfndf lng] JolQmn] / 3/ axfndf a:g]n]
cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/f gu/]df, k|rlnt sfg"g ljkl/tsf] sfd u/]df,
3/wgL cfkm} nfO{ 3/cfjZos k/ df, 3/
] df dflg; a;f]af;
ug{ gldNg] cj:yf ;d]tdf 3/ axfndf lbg]n] axfndf a:g]nfO{
3/af6 x6fpg ;Sg] .
 z]ifkl5sf] as;kq ug]{ JolQmn] h'g;'s} avt cfkm"n] u/]sf] z]ifkl5sf]
as;kqsf zt{ ;+zf]wg jf as;kq /2 ug{ ;Sg] .
 ;DklQsf] x:tfGt/0f
 s/f/ ug{ c;Ifd JolQm afx]s  cGo h'g;'s}JolQmn]cfkm\gf]xs
/ :jfldTjsf];DklQ Ps jf PseGbf a9L JolQmnfO{ cnu cnu
jf ;+o'Qm ¿kdf sfg"gsf]/Lt k'¥ofO{ lnvt u/L x:tfGt/0f ug{
;Sg],

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? !#

  ;uf]nsf c+lzof/sf] lnlvt d~h'/L glnO{ ;uf]nsf] ;DklQ
s;}nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ gkfpg],
 Pp6f JolQmnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/;s]sf] ;DklQ bf]xf]/f] kf/L cGo
JolQmnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ gx'g],
 g]k fn ;/sf/sf]k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ s'g}ljb]zLnfO{ crn ;DklQ
x:tfGt/0f ug{ gkfO{g] .
 ;DalGwt sfof{nodf uO{ kfl/t u/fpg' kg{]lnvtx¿
 s'g} klg Joxf]/fn] crn ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f u/L lbPsf] lnvt,
 ef] u, b[li6 jf nvaGwsL n]lvlbPsf]lnvt,
 crn ;DklQsf]z]ifkl5sf]bfg jf as;kq,
 crn ;DklQ ;§fk§f u/ ]sf]lnvt,
 c+za08f jf c+z 5f] 8kqsf]lnvt,
 dfgf] 5'l§Psf] jf dfgf] hf]l8Psf] lnvt,
 u'7L :yfkgf u/]sf] lnvt,
 dfl;s Ps nfv ¿k}o fFeGbf a9L 3/axfn lng' lbg' u/ sf]
]
lnvt,
 crn ;DklQ kmnf] kef]u ePsf]lnvt,
 sfg"g adf]lhd kfl/ t ug'{ kg]{cGo lnvt .
 3/;f/sf] lnvt btf{ u/fpg' kg]{, r]saf6 ePsf] e'QmfgLnfO{ n]gb]g
ePsf] dflgg]  .
 gfjfns /xf];  7]ufgdf g/x]sf]JolQm afx]s  c? JolQm s/f/ug{ ;Ifd
dflgg]  .
 sfdsf]cg'kftdf Hofnf lbg' kg]{
sfd ug]{JolQmn]cfkm"v'zLn]Hofnf dh'/ L lagf sfd ug{ d~h'/
u/]sf]df afx]s
 sfd nufpg]n] sfd ug]{nfO{ sfdsf] cg'kftdf Hofnf
tf]s]sf]df ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] / gtf]s]sf]df To:tf] sfd u/] jfkt sfd
u/]sf] 7fpFdf rng rNtLdf /x]sf] b/ cg';f/sf] Hofnf dh'/L lbg'
+kg]{ .

!$ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 3/]n' sfdbf/ ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf
 3/ Jojxf/ sf]sfddf 3/ n' ;xfossf]?kdf sfddf nufpg
]
;lsg],
 3/ ]n' ;xfossf]sfd nufPsf]hfgsf/L Ps dlxgfleq ;DalGwt
:
yfgLo txsf];DalGwt j8f ;ldltnfO{ lnlvt ¿kdf u/ fpg
;lsg],
 3/ ]n' ;xfossf]?kdf sfddf nufpFbf Hofnf dh'/L dfl;s jf
jfli{fs ?kdf lbg] , lbgsf]tLg k6s vfgf df} ;d cg';f/ sf
sk8f, a:gnfO{ pko'Qm cfjf;, zf}rfno, g'xfpg]3/, c7f/jif{
eGbf sd pd]/sf] eP cWoogsf]Joj:yf ;d]t ug{' kg]{.
 b'is[lt (Tort) ;DaGwL Joj:yf
 rf}w jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf gfjfnsn] u/]sf] u/]sf] b'is[lt afkt
lghsf]afa' cfdfn]bfloTj Joxf]g{' kg{],
 kz'n]u/ ]sf]xflg gf]S;fgL jfkt kz' wlgn]bfloTj Joxf]g{' kg{],
 s'g} 3/af6 s'g} lsl;dsf] kmf]xf]/ d}nf jf j:t' kmfn]sf] sf/0faf6
s;} nfO{ xflg, gf] S;fgL ePsf] df ;DalGwt 3/d'nLn]bfloTj
Joxf]g'{ kg]{,
 s;}sf] ;DklQdf cglws[t k|jz ] -6«];kf;_ u/]sf] sf/0fn] ePsf]
xflg, gf]S;fgL jfkt cglws[t k|j]z ug]{JolQmn]bfloTj Joxf]g'{
kg{],
 pTkfbsn] bfloTj Joxf]g'{ kg]{
s;}n] q'l6k"0f{ pTkfbg u/L s'g} j:t' jf ;]jf laqmL, ljt/0f u/]sf]
sf/0faf6 To:tf]j:t'sf]pkef]u ubf{ s;}sf]hLp, Hofg jf ;DklQ
pk/xflg, gf]S;fgL ePdf To; afkt pTkfbsn]bfloTj Joxf]g'{ kg]{ .
 lghL cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g ;DaGwL Joj:yf
 of] Joj: yf ljb] zLsf]sfg"gL x}l;ot tyf lghsf];Ifdtf,
kIfx¿dWo] sDtLdf Ps kIf ljb]zL /x]sf] j}jflxs ;DaGw, k}t[s
tyf dft[s /cGo kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw jf c+z, ck'tfnL ;DaGwL
ljifo jf ;f];  Fu ;DalGwt sfd, sf/afxL, ePsf]7fpF g]kfn aflx/

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? !%

 /x]sf] ljifo, sDtLdf Ps ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf ljb]zL /x]sf] / lghsf]
ljb]zdf /xs ] f];DklQ ;DaGwL ljifo jf sDtLdf Ps kIf ljb]zL
/x]sf] s/f/, u}/s/f/ ;DaGwL clwsf/ jf bfloTj ;DaGwL ljifodf
nfu" x'g]
 g]kfnsf] cbfntnfO{ sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ If]qflwsf/ x'g] M–
 g]kfnleq a;f]af; ug]{ ljb]zLx¿aLr jf ljb]zL / g]kfnL
gful/s aLr lgoldt ePsf ljifo,
 g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ljb]z  L k|ltjfbL ePsf]d'2fsf]ljifo,
 d[To' x'Fbfsf avt g]kfndf ;DklQ eO{ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{
ljb]zLsf] ck'tfnLsf] ljifo,
 g]kfnL gful/s / ljb]zL aLr ljb]zdf n]gb]g Jojxf/ jf
sf/f]af/ ePsf]df To;sf] e'QmfgL g]kfnleq x'g] ljifo,
 ljb] zLx¿aLr jf ljb] zL /g] kfnL gful/s aLr g] kfnleq
/x]sf] ;DklQ ;DaGwL ljifo,
 g]kfnleq ;DkGg jf g]k fndf kl/kfng x'g]ljb]zL JolQmx¿aLr
jf sDtLdf Ps kIf g]kfnsf]gful/s jf ;Ël7t ;+:yf kIf
/x]sf] s/f/ ;DaGwL ljifo,
 kIf jf ljkIf b'j}g]kfnL gful/s ePsf]jf g]kfndf ;fdfGo
a;f]af; ePsf ljb]zL /x]sf] g]kfn aflx/ ePsf] b'is[lt,
cw{s/f/jf cg'lrt ;Dj[l4 ;DaGwL ljifo .

@=@ d'n'sL b]j fgL sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf

 cbfnt tyf cGo Goflos lgsfodf ;d]t  nfu" x'g]
d'n'sL b]jfgL sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf b]jfgL k|s[ltsf ljjfbsf]sf/afxL /
lsgf/f ug]{Goflos /cw{Goflos b'j}k|s[ltsf clwsf/Ln]k|of]u ug{
;Sg]  .

!^ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 b]xfosf ljifo ;DaGwL d'2f b]jfgL /cGo d'2f kmf}h
 bf/L x'g]
 sfg"g adf]lhd kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] ¿kdf kl/eflift ul/P afx]ssf
sfg"gL xs, bfloTj, x}l;ot, kb, kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw jf ;DklQ
;DaGwL d'2f,
 gftf sfod jf ;DaGw ljR5]b,
 b:t'/, kfl/>lds, tna, eQf jf Hofnf,
 c+z, ck'tfnL, bfg as;, ;+/Ifs, dfyj/, dft[s tyf k}lqs
clVtof/L, wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL,
 s'g}s/f/, cw{s/f/jf cg'lrt ;Dj[l4 cGtu{tsf]s'g}xs jf
bfaL,
 b'is[lt, cw{b'is[lt jf q'l6k"0f{ pTkfbg ;DaGwL xs jf bfaL,
 ;'ljwfef/,
 Ifltk"lt{,
 b]jfgL k|s[ltsf]cGo s'g}ljifo .

 lgoldt cbfntaf6 dfq}lg/f]k0f x'g]

s'g}ljifodf xs a]xssf]k|Zg pTkGg ePdf To: tf]k|Zgsf]
lg?k0f,
 s'g}JolQmsf]gftf sfod, ;DaGw ljR5] b jf sfg"gL x}l;ot .
 ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f nfUg]
 sfg"gdf s'g}cbfnt, lgsfo jf clwsf/ LnfO{ d'2fdf sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ /lsgf/f ug]{clwsf/ePsf]t/To:tf]cbfnt jf lgsfo
u7g gePsf] jf clwsf/L gtf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] cbfnt
jf lgsfo u7g geP;Dd jf clwsf/L gtf]lsP;Dd To:tf]d'2fsf]
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ /lsgf/f ug]{clwsf/klg ;DalGwt lhNnf
cbfntnfO{ x'g],
 lnvtsf] kl/efiff
 3/ Jojxf/df x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf n]gb]g Jojxf/, ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f
jf lwtf]aGws lbg]u/L ePsf]lnvt,

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? !&

  wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL ;DaGwL lnvt,
 s/f/,
 clVtof/ lbPsf] lnvt, clVtof/gfdf, d~h'/Lgfdf jf To:t}
k|s[ltsf cGo sfuh,
 ;/ sf/L sfof{no jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfdf k]z x'g]s'g}klg lnvt,
 cbfntdf k]z x'g] lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq, lgj]bgkq,
b/vf:t nufot h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] lnvt,
 ;/ sf/L sfof{no jf ;Ël7t ;+:yfaf6 hf/L x'g]lnvt,
 sfg"gL xs jf bfloTj ;[hgf ug{]jf gug{]cGo s'g}lnvt .

 sfg"gL lnvt tof/L

 n] Vg k9\g g;Sg]JolQmnfO{ lnvtdf ;lx5fk u/ fpFbf To:tf]
JolQmn] rfx]df lghn] /f]h]sf] JolQmsf] /f]xj/df u/fpg' kg{],
 krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF ebf a9L /sd n]gb]g u/L 3/;f/df tof/
ePsf]lnvt :yfgLo txaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fpg' kg]{,
 ;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/ Ln]kbLo x} l;otdf gfd /bhf{ v'nfO
s'g} lnvtdf x:tfIf/ ug{' kg{]df ;f] gu/]df lghnfO{ cbfntn]
kfFr;o ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{;Sg]  .
 cbfntL z'Ns -sf]6{ kmL_ lgwf{/0f
 klxnf] kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ljuf]sf] nflu kfFr;o ?k}ofF,
 To;kl5 yk x'g]/sddf ljuf]sf]cfwf/df % k|ltzt, #=% k|ltzt,
@ k|ltzt, !=% k|ltzt /kRrL; nfv ?k}ofF eGbf a9L hlt;'s}
/sd eP klg ! k|ltztsf b/n]cbfntL z'Ns nfUg] .

k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf

 k|df0f a'e\mg' cl3 g}cbfntn]xsb}of, xbDofb /cbfntsf]
If]
qflwsf/eP gePsf]ljifodf k|f/ lDes ;'g'jfO{af6 6'+uf]
nufO{g],
 k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO{af6 6'+uf]nufO{Psf]ljifodf d'2f k'g/fj]b g
ubf{, d'2f bfxf]/ fO{ x]bf{ jf k'g/fjnf]s
 gsf]nflu lgj]b g lb+bf
k|Zg p7fpg gkfpg]

!* d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 Dofb tfd]n
 L ug]{gofF Joj:yf
 lkm/fbkq btf{ ubf{ lkm/fbjfnfn] cfk}mn] k|ltjfbL agfOPsf]
JolQmnfO{ Dofb ;lxt lkm/fbkq a'emfpg rfx]df lghn]g}a'emfpg
;Sg],
 To;/ L g}Dofb tfd]nLsf ;DaGwdf s'g}cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g]
kbflwsf/ L, sfg"g Joj;foL, ;fIfL, jf/ ; jf ;f]
] xL cbfntdf
tf/]vdf /x]sf] kIfsf] gfddf /x]sf] Dofb lgh cbfntdf pkl:yt
x'Fbfsf jvt tfd]n ug{ ;lsg],
 Dofb tfd]nLdf lghn] cj/f]w u/]df jf cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u gu/]df
GofofwLzn]lghnfO{ cbfntdf lghn];DkGg ug'{ kg]{cGo sfd
sf/afxLdf /f]s nufpg ;Sg] Joj:yf .
 u'h|]sf] Dofb jf tf/]v yfDg kfpg] Joj:yfdf ;'wf/
 Dofbsf]xsdf Ps k6s kGw| lbg;Dd /tf/]vsf]xsdf b'O{k6s
PSsfO; lbg ;Dd ydfpg ;lsg]Joj:yf k|:tfj ul/Psf] .
 >Jo b[Zo ;Djfb -lel8of]sGkm/]G;_ sf]k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]
clt j[4 cj:yf, zf/Ll/s czQmtf, c:j:ytf jf g]kfn aflx/ /x]
a;]sf]sf/0f s'g};fIfL cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg]sf/0f b]vfO{
To:tf];fIfLsf]>Jo–b[Zo ;Djfbsf]dfWodaf6 k/LIf0f x'g d'2fsf]s'g}
kIfn]cbfntdf lgj] bg lbPdf To: tf]Joxf]
/f cbfntnfO{ dgfl;j
nfu]df cbfntn]To:tf ;fIfLsf]>Jo–b[Zo ;+jfbsf]dfWodaf6 k/LIf0f
ug{ ;lsg] .
 lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{/k}m;nf tof/ug'{ kg]{cjlw lgwf{/0f
d'2fdf k|df0f a'em\g]sfd ;DkGg ePsf];fdGotof Ps dlxgfleq
lg0f{o ug{' kg{]/lg0f{o ePsf]PSsfO{; lbgleq km};  nf tof/ug{' kg{]
To;/L tof/ ePsf] km};nfdf GofowLzn] ldlt pNn]v u/L k|df0fLs/0f
ug{],
 ldnfkq jf d]n  ldnfksf]dfWodaf6 k}m;nfsf]sfof{Gjog
kIfx¿n]ldnfkq jf d] nldnfksf]dfWodaf6 k} m;nfsf]sfof{Gjog
ug{ rfx]df cbfntdf ;+o'Qm lgj]bg lbP/ldnfkq jf d]n  ldnfksf]
dfWod4f/f k}m;nf sfof{Gjog ug{ cj;/lbOg] .

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? !(

  rng rnfpg]sfo{ljlwdf ;'wf/
 sfg"g adf]lhd lsQfsf6 x'g g;sL a08f jf rng rnfpg
g;lsg]If]qkmnsf]hUuf jf ef}lts ;+/r  gf ePdf cbfntn]b'j}
kIfsf];xdltdf d"No sfod ePdf ;xdlt ePadf]lhd d"No /
;xdlt gePdf k~rlstL{ d""No sfod u/L jf lnnfd laqmL u/L
rng kfpg]kIfnfO{ To; cfwf/df rng rnfO{ lbg' kg]{/rng
rnfpFbf s'g}kIfn]gub}a'emfpg rfx]df gub}a'emfpg ;Sg],
 cGo JolQmsf]hUuf ldrL ef}lts ;+/r  gf lgdf{0f u/]sf]jf agfPsf]
7x/eO{ rng rnfpg' kbf{ ;+/ rgf geTsfO{ Ifltk"lt{ n] gb]
g
ug{ kIfx¿ ;xdt eP ;f]xL adf]lhd /;+/r  gf geTsfpg]s'/fdf
;xdt ePklg Ifltk"lt{ / sddf ;xdlt x'g g;s] df k~rlstL{
d"No sfod u/L To:tf]d"Nodf kRrL; k|ltzt yk /sd rng
rnfO{ kfpg]kIfnfO{ e/fO{ lbO{g],
 c+zj08f ;DaGwL gofF Joj:yf
w]
/} c+lzof/ePsf]sf/ 0fn]j08f ug'{ kg] { ;DklQ a08f ubf{ ;a}
c+lzof/n];dfg ?kdf pkef]u ug{ gldNg]jf To:tf];DklQ a08f
ubf{ 3/, hUuf jf lhG;L ;DklQsf]?k kl/jt{g eO{ k|of]u ug{ gldNg]
ePdf To:tf];DklQsf]c+lzof/x¿ aLrsf];xdltn]s'g}d"No sfod
ePdf To:tf]d"Nodf /d"Nodf ;xdlt gePdf k~rlstL{ d"Nodf s'g}
c+lzof/n] lng ;Sg] u/L j08f ul/g]  .
 gfjfns, czQm tyf j]k Qf ePsf JolQmsf]tkm{af6 d'2f ug{]
sfg"g adf]lhd pd]/gk'u]sf], a[4, gfafns, b[li6ljxLg tyf af]Ng
g;Sg] jf xf]; 7]ufgfdf gx/]sf] JolQmsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f
ug{sf]nflu To:tf JolQmsf]tk{maf6 cbfntsf]cg'dlt lnO{ ;+/Ifsn]
lkm/fbkq, k|ltpQ/kq, k'g/fj]bgkq / lgj]bgkq lbg ;Sg]  .
 cbfntL Dofb jf ;"rgf k|sfzgsf]nflu lbg lgwf{/0f
cbfntaf6 s'g}Dofb jf ;"rgf klqsfdf k|sfzg ubf{ /fli6«o :t/sf]
b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lbg k|sfzg ug{'
kg{]  .

@) d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 ;dodf sfd gug{]sd{rf/LnfO{ sf/afxL x'g]
d'n'sL b]
jfgL sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf adf]lhdsf]sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{' kg{]
bfloTj ePsf]s'g}sd{rf/ Ln];+lxtfdf lgwf{/0f ePsf]cjlwleq
s'g}sfo{ ;Dkfbg gu/]df dsf{ kg{]kIfn]lghsf]lj?4df ;DalGwt
cbfntsf]GofofwLz ;dIf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]/dgfl;j sf/0f lagf
lghn] ug{' kg{] sfd ;dod} ;Dkfbg u/]sf] gb]lvPdf GofofwLzn]
lghnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg] .

@=# d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf

g]kfn aflx/ s;"/ u/]df g]kfndf ;hfo x'g]

;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf /fli6«o Pstf pk/vnn ug{], /fhb|f]x,
g]kfn lj?å o'4 ug]{jf g]kfn;Fu o'4df ;+nUg /fHosf ;]gfnfO{
;xfotf ug{], /fi6«lxt k|lts"n sfd ug]{, hfltxTof nufotsf
;+lxtfn] s;"/ sfod u/]sf sltko ck/fw g]kfn aflx/ u/] klg
g]kfndf ;hfo x'g]  .

 s;"/sf] uDeL/tf a9fpg] / 36fpg] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]

;fdfGotof ;hfosf] Joj:yfdf dflyNnf] xbsf] dfq Joj:yf ul/Psf]
/ s;"/sf] uDeL/tf 36fpg] tyf a9fpg] cj:yfsf] cfwf/df d"Nof+sg
u/L ;hfo lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{M
s;"/sf] uDeL/tf a9fpg] cj:yfx¿ s;"/sf] uDeL/tf
36fpg] cj:yfx¿
 /fi6«klt jf ;/sf/k|d'v jf ljb]z  L /fHo  s;"/bf/sf] pd]/
k|d'vsf] la?4 s;"/ u/]sf] c7f/ jif{eGbf
 /fi6«klt jf ;/sf/k|d'v jf ljb]z  L /fHo sd jf krxQ/
k|d'vsf] pkl:yltdf s;"/ u/]sf] jif{eGbf dfly
 ljZjf;sf] b'?kof]u u/L s;"/ u/]sf] ePsf]
 s;"/bf/sf]
 s'g};fj{hlgs kbsf]nfe p7fO{ jf
b'?kof]u u/L s;"/ u/]sf] s;"/ ug]{ lgot
gePsf]

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? @!

 s;"/sf] uDeL/tf a9fpg] cj:yfx¿ s;"/sf] uDeL/tf
36fpg] cj:yfx¿
 ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn]  h'g JolQmsf]
cfk\mgf]kbLo st{Jo kfng ug{ nfu]sf]df la?4 s;"/
afwf k'¥ofpg]jf lghnfO{ s'g}u}/s  fg"gL ePsf] 5
sfd ug{ nufpg] lgotn] s;"/ u/]sf] To:tf]] JolQmn]
 s'g};/sf/L sfof{no, ;fj{hlgs sfof{no s;"/bf/nfO{
jf wfld{s :yndf s;"/ u/]sf] s;"/ x'g'eGbf
 kfFr jf kfFreGbf a9L JolQmx¿ ;d"xdf tTsfn cl3
cfj4 eO{ s;"/ u/]sf] pQ]lht u/]sf] jf
wDsL lbPsf]
 ;fj{hlgs zflGt vnalnPsf], af9L, klx/f,]
 s;"/bf/ jf
e"sDk jf To:t} k|s[ltsf] b}jL k|sf]k ePsf]],
dxfdf/L k}mlnPsf], clgsfn k/]sf] jf To:t} lghsf] s'g}
lsl;dsf]cGo s'g};Í6sf]nfe lnO{ s;"/ glhssf]
u/]sf] gft]bf/sf la?4
ul/Psf] s'g}
 xftxltof/jf ljiffn' jf ljikmf]6 s kbfy{ uDeL/ s;"/sf]
;fydf lnO{ jf k|of]u u/L jf ljB't k|jfx k|ltsf/sf] ?kdf
u/L jf ljB'tLo pks/0f k|of]u u/L s;"/ tTsfn} s;"/
u/]sf]jf xftxltof/jf ljiffn' jf ljikmf]6s ePsf]
kbfy{ lnPsf] dflg;sf] d2taf6 s;"/ u/]sf]
 s;"/bf/n]
 Ps k6s s}b ;hfo kfPsf]s;"/b f/n]k'gM :j]R5fn] s;"/
s;"/ u/]sf] :jLsf/ u/]sf] jf
 s'g}kfl/tf]lifs jf nfe jf cfZjf;g kfO{ To:tf]] s;"/ u/]
kfpg] k|nf]egdf k/L s;"/ u/]sf] afkt kZrftfk
 cfk\mgf];+/If0f jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf]JolQm jf u/]sf]
lhDdfdf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] la?4 s;"/ u/]sf]  s;"/bf/n]
 s;}nfO{ q'm/oftgf, cdfgjLo jf ;DalGwt
ckdfghGo Jojxf/ u/L s;"/ u/]sf] clwsf/L ;dIf
 Ps} jf/bftdf PseGbf a9L s;"/ u/]sf] cfTd;d{k0f
 Ps}jf/bftdf PseGbf a9L JolQmsf la?4 u/]sf]
s;"/ u/]sf]

@@ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

s;"/sf] uDeL/tf a9fpg] cj:yfx¿ s;"/sf] uDeL/tf
36fpg] cj:yfx¿
 s;}nfO{ ckx/0f u/L jf z/L/aGws lnO{  s;"/bf/n]
s;"/ u/]sf] cfk"mn] u/]sf]
 y'gf, lx/f;t, s}b jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] s;"/ :jLsf/
JolQm la?4 s;"/ u/]sf] u/L kLl8tnfO{
 cfk"mn];'/Iff ug'{ kg]{JolQmsf]la?4 s;"/ Ifltk"lt{
u/]sf] lbO;s]sf] jf
lbg d~h'/ u/]sf]
 hfltxTof -h]gf];fO8_ sf] p2]Zon] s;"/
 zf/Ll/s,
u/]sf]
dfgl;s tyf
 s'g};d'bfo la?4 3[0ff pTkGg ug]{p2]Zon] ckfËtfsf]
s;"/ u/]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{
 dfgjtf lj?4sf] s;"/ u/]sf] s;"/bf/sf] Ifdtf
 lgof]lht jf ;Ël7t ?kdf s;"/u/]sf] x«f; ePsf]
 krxQ/ jif{dflysf] j[4fj:yf jf zf/Ll/s  kLl8t kIf /
jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfn] ubf{ xf]; 7]ufgdf ;dfhnfO{ x'g
g/x]sf] jf ckfËtfsf] sf/0fn] cfkm\gf] uPsf] xflg,
arfp ug{ ;Sg]l:yltdf gePsf]JolQm jf gf]S;fgLsf]
afnaflnsfsf] lj?4 s;"/ u/]sf] dfqf pNn]vgLo
 ;jf/L jf ljdfg b'3{6gf jf k|fs[lts k|sf]k gb]lvPsf]
kbf{ p4f/ ug]{ sfddf vl6Fbf s;"/ u/]sf]  cbfntdf ;fFrf]
 Psk6s s'g} s;"/af6 kLl8t e};s]sf] s'/f JoQm u/L
JolQmsf la?4 ;f]xL s;"/bf/n] csf]{ s;"/ Goflos k|s[ofdf
u/]sf] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf]
 s;"/ :jLsf/
u/L eljiodf
kmf}hbf/L s;"/
gug]{ k|ltj4tf
JoQm u/]sf]
 s;}sf] axsfp
jf bafadf
ck/fw u/]sf]

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? @#

 ;fd'bflos ;]jf b]lv cflhjg s}b;Ddsf];hfo
s;"/sf] k|s[lt / uDeL/tfsf] cfwf/df ;fd'bflos ;]jf ug'{ kg]{
b]lv lglZrt cjlwsf]s}b , hl/afgf, s}b /hl/afgf, s}b jf hl/afgf
jf b'j}, hl/afgf, Ifltk"lt{, Ifltk"lt{ glt/]jfkt s}b, hGds}b, cflhjg
s}b ;Ddsf];hfo x'g] .

cfhLjg -hLljt /x];Dd_ s}b x'g]

b]xfosf s;"/d
 f cfhLjg -hLljt /x];Dd_ s}b x'g]M
 hjh{:tL s/0fL u/L Hofg df/]sf],
 qm"/oftgf lbO{ jf lgd{dtfk"j{s Hofg df/]sf],
 jfo'ofg ckx/0f u/L jf jfo'ofg ljikmf]6 u/L Hofg df/]sf],
 ckx/0f u/L jf z/L/aGws lnO{ Hofg df/]sf],
 ;fj{hlgs ?kdf pkef]u x'g]k]o jf vfB kbfy{df ljif xfnL
Hofg df/]sf],
 s'g}hft, hflt jf ;Dk|bfosf]cl:tTj g}nf]k ug]{hfltxTof
-h]gf];fO8_ u/]sf] jf ug]{ p2]Zon] s;"/ u/]sf]  .

 hGds}bsf]u0fgf ubf{ kRrL; jif{ u0fgf ul/g] .

 s}bsf] cg'kftdf hl/afgf x'g]
s}b / hl/afgfaLr tfbfTDotf x'g] u/L ;hfosf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
-h:t}M– k|To]s
 Ps jif{ s}bsf]cg'kftdf bz xhf/?k}ofF hl/afgf_ .
 hl/afgf glt/]df s}b x'g]
 s}b /hl/afgf b'j};hfo x'g]s;"/df hl/afgf jfkt bzjif{;Dd
s}b x'g ;Sg],
 s}b  jf hl/ afgf dWo]s'g}jf b'j};hfo x'g ;Sg]s;"/df
hl/afgf jfkt clwstd s}bsf]cfwf;Dd s}b x'g ;Sg],
 hl/afgf dfq x'g]s;"/ df b'O{ jif{ ;Dd s}b x'g ;Sg] .
 ck/fw kLl8tn] d'2fsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg]  .

@$ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 Ifltk"lt{ tyf k'g:yf{kgf ;lxtsf]Gofo kfpg]
ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ kL8saf6 Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg], d'2f k}m;nf gx'Fb}
cGtl/d Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg]tyf ;fdflhs Gofo ;lxtsf]
k'g:yf{kgfsf] xs x'g]  .

 if8oGq, pBf]u, b'?T;fxg ug]{tyf dltof/nfO{ ;hfo

s;"/sf]if8oGq, pBf]u, b'?T;fxg tyf dltof/nfO{ ;fdfGotofM d'Vo
s;"/b f/nfO{ x'g];hfosf]cfwf ;hfo x'g] .
 afnaflnsfaf6 s;"/u/fPdf pd]/ k'u]sfnfO{ ;hfo x'g]
s'g}afnaflnsfnfO{ kmsfO{, l;sfO{ jf k|efjdf kf/L s'g}s;"/ug{
nufPdf To;/L s;"/ ug{ nufpg]nfO{ cfk}mFn] s;"/ u/] ;/x ;hf
x'g]  .
 s;"/;  Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg hkmt x'g]
s;"/af6 cfh{g u/]sf] / s;"/ ubf{ k|of]u u/]sf] ;fwg hkmt ul/g]  .

;hfodf 5'6 lbg ;lsg]

s;"/bf/n] cfk"mn] u/]sf] s;"/ :jLsf/ u/L To:tf] s;"/sf
;DaGwdf k|df0f h'6fpg, cGo cleo'Qm jf To;sf]lu/ fx] jf
dltof/nfO{ kqmfp ug{, cg';Gwfg, cleof]h  g kIf jf cbfntnfO{
;3fp k'¥ofPdf krf; k|ltzt;Dd ;hfo 5'6 x'g ;Sg] .

 ljjfx ab/ x'g]

dGh'/L lagf ePsf]ljjfx, xf8gftfdf ePsf]ljjfx, afn ljjfx, ax'
ljjfx ab/x'g] .

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? @%

  s]xL s;"/ / ;hfo
gofF s;"/sfod ePsf /cGo s]xL s;"/tyf ;hfo M–

s;"/ ;hfo
g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns jf hGds}b
k|fb]lzs cv08tf jf /fli6«o Pstfdf vnn
kfg]{ lgotn] dflg;, xftxltof/ / v/vhfgf
hDdf ug]{, ;}lgs jf cw{;}lgs ;Ë7g lgdf{0f
ug]{
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;+j}wflgs ;+/rgf kN6fpg] kRrL; jif{;Dd s}b
lgotn] ;}lgs, cw{;}lgs jf cfk/flws ansf]
k|bz{g jf k|of]u u/L s'g}cJoj:yf pTkGg
ug]{jf xftxltof/;lxt ;}lgs jf cw{;}lgs
;Ë7g lgdf{0f ug]{
• g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
jf k|fb]lzs cv08tf, /fli6«otf, :jfwLgtf, / krf; xhf/
:jfledfg jf g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o 5lj ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
pk/ckdfg x'g,] xf]Rofpg]jf 3[0ff jf å]if -;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f
k}mnfpg] u/]sf] JolQmn] u/]df
• g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf cltqmd0f ug]{, yk tLg jif{;Dd s}b_
;Ldf:tDe x6fpg], ;Ldf:tDe /flvPsf] 7fpF
jf ;Ldf:tDe kl/jt{g ug]{
g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj u/L v]n v]Ng] v]nf8Ln] tLg jif{;Dd s}b /
v]ndf ldn]dtf] u/L v]Ng] jf v]nfpg] (Match tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
Fixing) hl/afgf
hfltxTof ;DaGwL s;"/cGtu{t cfdxTof u/]df hGds}b
g]kfn lj?4 hf;";L ug]{ kRrL; jif{;Dd s}b
/fi6«klt jf ;+;bnfO{ wDsL lbg] ;ft jif{;Dd s}b
jf ;Q/L xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
jf b'j}

@^ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

s;"/ ;hfo
cg';Gwfg jf cleof]hg clwsf/Ln] lgbf]{if 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf
JolQmnfO{ km;fpg] jf jf:tljs s;"/bf/nfO{ kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hf]ufpg]dg;fon]ablgotk"j{s cg';Gwfg jf hl/afgf jf b'j}
cleof]hg u/]df
u}/ sfg"gL e]nf ug]{ Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf
bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf b'j}
x'nbª\uf ug]{ b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b /
aL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
;fj{hlgs :yfgdf cfjfudgdf afwf ug]{ tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf
tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf b'j}
;fj{hlgs ;]jf cj?4 ug]{ tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf
tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
;fj{hlgs zflGt eª\u ug]{, x'nb+uf ug]{jf Ps jif{;Dd s}b /
;fj{hlgs ;DaGwnfO{ vnn kfg]{lgotn] bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
e'm6\7f ckmjfx k}mnfpg] hl/afgf
;+j]bgzLn ;fj{hlgs If]qdf d;fn h'n'; ug]{ 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf
kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf b'j}
e'7\7f k|df0f agfpg] kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
/ krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
s;"/bf/nfO{ cf>o lbg] s;"/bf/nfO{ x'g]
s}bsf] cg'kftdf kfFr
jif{;Dd s}b /krf;
xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? @&

 s;"/ ;hfo
;+qmfds /f]u k}mnfpg] bz jif{;Dd s}b /
Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
Pr= cfO{ le jf x]kf6fOl6; aLsf]lhjf0f' /f]u bz jif{;Dd s}b /
k}mnfpg] Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
vfB kbfy{df ld;fj6 ug]{ kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
/ krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
e'mSofgdf kf/L vfB kbfy{ laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
jf krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
jf b'j}
laqmL ug]{ pkef]Uo j:t' laqmL gu/L hDdfvf]/L kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
ug]{ / krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
3/lgdf{0f ubf{, eTsfpFbf jf dd{t ubf{ Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf
nfk/jfxL ug]{ bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf b'j}
lx+;|s jf cGo kz'kIfL /fVbf k"j{;fjwfgL Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf
gckgfO{ nfk/jfxL ug]{ bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf b'j}
/fli6«o ufg, em08f jf lg;fgf 5fksf]ckdfg tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf
jf Iflt ug]{ tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf b'j}
/fli6«o lje"ltsf] ckdfg ug]{ 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf
kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf b'j}

@* d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

s;"/ ;hfo
oftgf lbg] kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
jf krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
jf b'j}
5fpk8Ldf /fVg] jf To:tf] cGo e]befj, tLg dlxgf;Dd
5'jf5't /cdfgjLo Jojxf/ug]{ s}b jf tLg xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
jf b'j}
ljjfxdf n]gb]g ug]{ tyf bfOhf] glbPsf] sf/0f kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
;tfpg] jf krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
jf b'j}
cfkm\gf] ;+/IfsTjdf /x]sf gjhft lzz', tLg jif{;Dd s}b /
afnaflnsf, czQm /f]uL jf j[4 JolQmnfO{ tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
kmfNg], kl/Tofu ug]{ jf a]jf:tf u/L 5f]8\g] hl/afgf
-gjhft zLz'sf]d[To'
ePsf]df hGds}b /
cGosf] d[To' ePsf]df
;ft jif{;Dd s}b
/ ;Q/L xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf_
cfTdxTof ug{ b'?T;fxg lbg] kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
/ krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
JolQm a]kQf kfg]{ kGw| jif{;Dd s}b /
kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
ckx/0f ug]{jf z/L/aGws lng] ;ft jif{b]lv bz
jif{;Dd s}b / ;Q/L
xhf/b]vL Ps nfv
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? @(

 s;"/ ;hfo
ha/h:tL s/0fL ug]{ dlxnfsf] pd]/sf]
cfwf/df ;ft jif{
b]lv aL; jif{;Dd
s}b
xf8gftf s/0fL ug]{ s/0fL x'g]x¿ larsf]
gftfsf] cfwf/df Ps
jif{ ;Dd s}b b]lv
hGds}b ;Dd
;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] y'gfdf /x]sf JolQm;Fu tLg jif{;Dd s}b
d~h'/Ln] g} s/0fL u/d] f
cfkm\gf] ;+/If0f / ;'/Iffdf /x]sf] JolQm;Fu tLg jif{;Dd s}b
d~h'/Ln] g} s/0fL u/]df
sfof{no jf k]zfut ;]jf k|fKt ug]{JolQm;Fu rf/ jif{;Dd s}b
d~h'/Ln] g} s/0fL ug]{ / rfnL; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
Ohfht k|fKt gu/]sf] JolQmn] Onfh ug]{ tLg jif{;Dd s}b /
tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
-Hofg d/]df hGds}b
/c+ue+u ePdf kGw|
jif{;Dd s}b_
d~h'/L ljgf dfgj z/L/df s'g} k/LIf0f ug]{ tLg jif{;Dd s}b /
tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
-Hofg d/]df Hofg
df/] ;/x / cËeË
ePdf cËeË u/]
;/x_

#) d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

s;"/ ;hfo
Hff]lvdk"0f{ cf}iflw laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf
aL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf b'j}
cf}iflwdf ld;fj6 ug]{ jf ld;fj6 u/]sf] cf}iflw kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
a]Rg] / krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
-Hofg d/]sf]df Hofg
df/] ;/x_
Dofb gf3]sf] cf}iflw laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ Ps jif{;Dd s}b /
bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
Ps cf}iflwnfO{ csf]{cf}iflw egL laqmL ljt/0f b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b /
ug]{ bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
lgdf{0fsf]sfd ubf{ lgwf{l/t dfkb08 jf bz jif{;Dd s}b /
u'0f:t/sf] dfn k|of]u gu/]df jf dfnsf] Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
kl/df0f 36La9L kfg]{ hl/afgf
cfk"lt{sf]sfd ubf{ sd;n jf 36L kl/df0fdf kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
dfn, j:t' jf ;]jf cfk"lt{ ug]{ / krf; xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
;DklQsf] cfk/flws pkof]u ug]{ -csf{sf] tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf
;DklQ a]OdfgLsf] lgotn] pkof]u, xflg tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
gf]S;fgL jf lxgfldgf ug]{_ hl/afgf jf b'j}
cfk/flws ljZjf;3ft ug]{-cfkm\gf]lhDdf kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
jf ;+/If0fdf /x]sf] ;DklQ s/f/ jf ;Demf}tf / krf; xhf/
ljk/Lt csf{nfO{ pkof]u ug{ lbg]jf xs 6'6fO{ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
c?nfO{ ug]{_
cfk/flws nfe -PS6;{g_ lng]-c?nfO{ ;ft jif{;Dd s}b
wDSofO{ lghaf6 nfe lng]_ / ;Q/L xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? #!

 s;"/ ;hfo
a}+s gf]6 jf l;Ssf hnfpg], ufNg], RofTg]jf tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b /
a}+s gf]6 df n]Vg] kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf
rf}kfofnfO{ oftgf lbPdf jf cfk"mn]kfn]sf tLg dlxgf;Dd
kz'kIfL /f]uL jf j[4 ePsf]sf/0f ;fj{hlgs s}b jf kfFr xhf/
?kdf 5f]8\g] ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
jf b'j}
cg'dlt lagf s;}sf] t:jL/ lvr]df jf lghsf] Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf
t:jL/;Fu c? s;}sf] t:jL/ /fvL csf]{ t:jL/ bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
agfpg] hl/afgf jf b'j}
Pssf] t:jL/sf] s]xL efu csf]{ JolQmsf] csf]{ b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b jf
efu;Fu /fvL jf cGo s'g}lsl;dn]ljs[t aL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
?kdf t:jL/ agfpg] hl/afgf jf b'j}

@=$ d'n'sL kmf}h

 bf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf

df}lvs jf ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 s;"/s

 f]
;"rgf lbg ;lsg]
s'g} s;"/ ePsf], eO/x]sf] jf x'g nfu]sf] yfxf kfpg] JolQmn] ;f]sf]
;"rgf df}lvs ?kdf jf ljB'tLo dfWod -Od]n  jf cGo_ af6 ;d]t
lbg ;Sg] .

 kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug'{ cl3 cg'dlt lng' kg]{

s'g}JolQmnfO{ tTsfn}kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ePdf kqmfp ug'{ kg]{sf/0f
v'nfO{ d'2f x]g]{clwsf/Laf6 cg'dlt lng' kg]{.
 h?/L kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L u/L kqmfp ug{ ;lsg]
s;"/ug]{JolQm tTsfn kqmfp gePdf jf To:tf]JolQm efUg]pDsg]
jf k|df0f, b;L jf ;ab' gi6 ug]{cj:yf ePdf k|x/Ln]h?/L kqmfp
k"hL{ hf/L u/L tTsfn kqmfp ug{ ;Sg] .

#@ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 cGo JolQmn]kqmfp ug{ ;Sg]
s'g}s;"/ePsf avt tTsfn k|x/L pknAw gePdf cGo JolQmn]
;d]t To:tf]s;"/ug]{JolQmnfO{ efUg pDsg glbO{ glhssf]k|x/L
sfof{nodf a'emfpg ;Sg] .
 kqmfp ug{ ;xof]u  ug'{ kg]{
k|x/L sd{rf/L jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]s'g}k|df0f gf; x'g glbg jf
s;"/b f/nfO{ kqmfp ug{ ;xof]u dfu]df h'g;'s}lgsfo, clwsf/L jf
JolQmn];xof]u ug'{ kg]{.
 cg';Gwfg 6f]nL dfk{mt cg';Gwfg ug{ ;lsg]
uDeL/k|s[ltsf s;"/df cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf]tfn'sjfnf clwsf/L jf
k|x/L dxflg/LIfsn]ljz]if1 ;lxtsf]cg';Gwfg 6f]nL dfkm{t cg';Gwfg
u/fpg ;Sg]  .

cg';Gwfgsf]nflu rfnL; lbg eGbf a9L lx/f;tdf

/fVg gkfOg]
 kqmfp k/]sf] JolQmnfO{ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf] cg'dlt lnO{ Ps}
k6s jf k6s k6s u/L kRrL; lbg;Dd lx/f;tdf /fVg
;lsg]
 /fi6«klt pk/sf] cfqmd0f, hf;";L, ;}lgs e8\sfpg], g]kfn /fHo
lj?4 o'4 ug]{jf g]k fn;Fu o'4df ;+nUg /fHosf ;]g  fnfO{
;xof]u  ug]{h:tf s;"/s  f]xsdf yk kGw| lbg -a9Ldf $)
lbg_ lx/f;tdf /fVg ;lsg] .

 g]kfn aflx/cg';Gwfg ug{ ;lsg]

 g]kfn aflx/ePsf]s;"/sf];DaGwdf ;lGw adf]lhd jf ;DalGwt
d'n'ssf] cg'dlt k|fKt u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] cg';Gwfg
clwsf/Ln] cg';Gwfg ug{ ;Sg],
 s;"/ ePsf] d'n'ssf] clwsf/ k|fKt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]
u/]sf] cg';GwfgnfO{ dfGotf lbg] jf cleo'Qm km]nf k/]sf] jf
lghsf]:yfoL a;f]af; ePsf]Onfsfsf]clwsf/k|fKt cg';Gwfg
clwsf/Ln] cg';Gwfg ug]{ .

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? ##

  >Job[io ;+jfbsf]dfWod k|of]u
 ug{ ;lsg]
zf/Ll/s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0fn] cg';Gwfg clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt x'g
g;Sg]jf ;'/Iffsf]sf/0f pkl:yt u/fpg pko'Qm gePsf]JolQmnfO{
>Job[io ;+jfb -lel8of]sGkm] /
]G;_ sf]dfWodaf6 aofg lng jf
;f]wk'5 ug{ jf To:tf];fIfL a'em\g ;lsg] .

cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u ug]{n

 fO{ sd ;hfo x'g]
(Plea Bargaining)
cg';GWffgdf ;xof]u  ug]{cleo'QmnfO{ b]x fo adf]lhd ;hfo sd
ug]{dfu bfaL lnO{ cleof]ukq bfo/ug{ ;lsg]Joj:yf ul/Psf]M
 cfk'mn] u/]sf] s;"/ k"0f{ ?kdf :jLsf/ u/L ;fljlt cleo'QmnfO{
kRrL; k|ltzt;Dd ;hfo 5'6 x'g]u/L cleof]u  kq bfo/ug{
;lsg],
 s;"/df k"0f{ ?kdf ;fljlt eO{ To:tf]s;"/df ;+nUg cGo
JolQm jf s;"/;DaGwL lj: t[t tYo atfpg, s;"/ df
;+nUgnfO{ kqmfp ug{, s;"/;  Fu ;DalGwt ;jf/L ;fwg, oGq
pks/0f jf cGo j:t' jf xltof/a/fdb jf hkmt ug{ ;xof]u
u/]df krf; k|ltzt;Dd ;hfo 5'6 x'g]u/L cleof]u  kq bfo/
ug{ ;lsg] .

 ;fgfltgf s;"/df d'2f bfo/gul/g]

klxnf] k6s u/]sf] Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd lauf] ePsf] aunLdf/f
;DaGwL s;"/, leIff dfUg]s;"/tyf tLg xhf/?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf
jf Ps dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j};hfo x'g]cGo s'g}s;"/d f d'2f bfo/
ug{ cfjZos gx'g] / o;/L d'2f bfo/ gePsf]df To:tf] s;"/bf/n]
tLg jif{ leq s'g}s;"/u/]df klxn]u/]sf]s;"/jfkt ;d]t ;hfo
ul/g]  .
 cleof]u kqdf s;"//cleof]ukq ;DaGwL ljj/0f v'nfpg' kg]{
cleof]ukq bfo/ubf{ b]xfosf ljifox¿ v'nfpg' kg]{M–
 cleo'Qmsf]k"/ f gfd, y/, 7]u fgf, x'lnof, pd]/, k]zf jf Joj;fo,
 cleo'Qmsf]afa', cfdf jf klt, kTgLsf]gfd,

#$ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 cleo'Qm a;f]af; u/]sf]ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf, j8f g+=, ufpF,
6f]n, eP;Dd Ans g+=,
 cleo'Qmsf] jf:tljs klxrfg x'g] ljj/0f, lghsf] kmf]6f], gful/stf
jf /fxbfgL, ;jf/L rfns Ohfhtkq jf lghsf]jf:tljs kl/ro
v'Ng]cGo sfuhftsf]k|ltlnlk,
 cleo'Qmsf] eP;Ddsf] b'j} xftsf] rf]/L cf}Fnfx¿sf] 5fk,

 c?sf]] 3/df 8]/f u/L a;]sf] eP 3/wgLsf] gfd, y/ / 7]ufgf

;lxtsf] ljj/0f,
 s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgfsf] Joxf]/f,

 s;"/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f,

 cleo'Qmn] s;"/ u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ b;L, k|df0fsf] ljj/0f,

 cleo'Qm pk/ nufOPsf] cleof]u / To;sf] cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿,

 k|of]u x'g' kg]{;DalGwt sfg"g /To;sf]sf/0f,

 cleo'QmnfO{ x'g' kg] { ;hfosf]dfu bfjL /To;sf]sf/0f,
 s;"/a  f6 Iflt k'us] f]AolQmnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{eP To:tf]
Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd,
 s;"/s  f]k|s[lt;Fu ;DalGwt cGo cfjZos s'g}s'/f eP To;sf]
ljj/0f .
 cleof]ukq ;+zf]wg ug{ jf yk cleof]h  g ug{ ;lsg]
cbfntdf bfo/eO{ ;s]sf]d'2fdf yk k|df0f km]nf k/]sf]cj:yfdf
cleof]uq ;+zf]wg ug{ jf yk cleof]hg ug{ ;lsg] .

hfx]/ jfnf jf kLl8tnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{

s'g};/sf/jfbL x'g]kmf}h bf/L s;"/;DaGwdf d'2f grnfpg]lg0f{o
ul/Pdf hfx]/j fnf jf kLl8tnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{.

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? #%

  jfbL k|ltjfbLaLr 5nkmn u/fpg ;lsg]
cleo'Qmn] s;"/ :jLsf/ gu/]sf] cj:yfdf d'2fdf 7x/ ug'{ s'/f olsg
ug{ cbfntn]jfbL k|ltjfbLaLr 5nkmn u/fpg ;Sg] .

If]qflwsf/ / xbDofbsf] ;DaGwdf klxn]

lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{
;DalGwt cbfntn]x]g{ ldNg]d'2f gePsf]jf d'2f ug'{ kg]{;do
gf3L d'2f btf{ ePsf]eGg]k|Zg p7]df ;f]ljifodf klxn]lg0f{o u/]/
dfq d'2fsf]tYodf k|jz] u/L cGo sf/afxL ug]{.

 ljb]zdf /x]sf cleo'QmnfO{ kqmfp ug{ ;lsg]

ljb]zdf /x]sf cleo'QmnfO{ kf/:kl/s sfg"gL ;xfotfsf] dfWodaf6
kqmfp ug{ ;lsg] .
 ;dfrf/kq jf ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 Dofb tfd]n  ug{ ;lsg]
ljb]z df jf :jb]zdf ePsf]cleo'Qmsf]gfddf hf/L ePsf]kqmfp k"hL{
jf ;dfx\jfg tfd]n x'g g;s]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]
/fli6«o :t/sf];dfrf/kqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L jf ljB'tLo ;~rf/
dfWodaf6 k|;f/0f u/L Dofb tfd]n ug{ ;lsg] .

km/f/ cleo'Qmsf clwsf/ / ;'ljwf s6f}tL x'g]

km/f/cleo'Qmn]cbfntdf pkl:yt geP;Dd s'g}kbflwsf/L jf
sd{rf/L eP lgnDag x'g,] crn ;DklQ /f]Ssf x'g], tnj, eQf,
lgj[Qe/0f /f]Ssf x'g], a}+s vftf /f]Ssf x'g], gful/stf, /fxbfgL jf
hUuf wgL k|df0fk"hf{ gaGg]h:tf ljleGg clwsf/tyf ;'ljwfx¿
s6f}tL ug]{]  .

Dofb ga'e\mg]jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{

k|ltlglwTj ug{ glbg]
Dofb a'em\g' kg]{JolQm s'g}d'2fdf tfl/v lng jf jfl/; jf sfg"g
Joj;foL eO{ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'Fbf cfk\mgf]gfdsf]Dofb ga'em]d f
lghnfO{ tfl/v lng, jfl/;sf]x}l;otdf k|ltlglwTj ug{ jf sfg"g
Joj;fo ug{ /fs ] nufpg ;lsg] .

#^ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg]
 b]xfosf s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQm tTsfn k|fKt
k|df0faf6 s;"/bf/b]lvPdf y'gfdf /fvL d'2fsf]k"k{If ul/g]M–
 hGd s}bsf];hfo x'g ;Sg]s;"/,
 tLg jif{eGbf a9L s}bsf];hfo x'g ;Sg]g]kfn ;/sf/jfbL
x'g] s;"/, jf
 dfyL plNnlvt s;"/ sf]pBf]
u, b'?T;fxg jf ck/ flws
if8oGq u/]sf] jf To:tf] s;"/df dltof/ ePsf] s;"/  .
 s}b sf];hfo x'g;Sg]b]xfosf cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fvL k"k{If
ug{ ;lsg]M–
 cleo'Qmn]cfk"m pk/nufOPsf]cleof] u cbfnt ;dIf
:jLsf/ u/]sf]df,
 Ps jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;hfo x'g ;Sg]s;"/sf]cleof]u
nfu]sf] cleo'Qmsf] g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]af; gePsf] /
lghnfO{ y'gfdf g/fv]sf]v08df lgh efUg]/kl5 kqmfp
kg]{ ;Defjgf g/x]sf]d f,
 kqmfp k"hL{ adf]lhd Dofbleq xflh/geO{ cleo'Qm kqmfp
eO{ cfPsf]/lghn]ph'/ L ;fy cbfntdf pkl: yt x'g
gcfPsf] s'g} ;Gtf]ifhgs sf/0f b]vfpg g;s]sf]df,
 cleof]u nfUg'eGbf tLg jif{cl3sf]cjlwleq cGo s'g}s;"/sf]
cleof]udf lghn]s}b ;hfo kfpg]7x/ePsf]df .
 w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}° hdfgtsf] /sd tf]Sg] cfwf/
cleo'QmnfO{ w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}° hdfgtsf] /sd tf]Sbf b]xfosf]
s'/f ljrf/ ul/g] M–
 s;"/sf] k|s[lt / uDeL/tf,

 cleo'Qm jf s;"/bf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf tyf kfl/jfl/s l:ylt,

 cleo'Qm jf s;"/bf/sf] pd]/ / zf/Ll/s l:ylt,

 lghn] klxn] s'g} s;"/df s;"/bf/ 7x/L ;hfo kfPsf] jf

gkfPsf],

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? #&

  lghn] Ps} jf/bftdf ljleGg s;"/ u/] jf gu/]sf],
 lghnfO{ ePsf]jf x'g ;Sg];hfo /lghn]Joxf]g '{ kg]{Ifltk"lt{,
 s;"/af6 ;[lht kl/0ffd,
 s;"/d f ;flatL eP jf gePsf],
 c;xfo jf czSt AolQm jf ue{jtL jf b'w]afnaflnsf ePsL
dlxnf cleo'Qm /x]sf]  .

y'gfaf6 5f8\g ;lsg]

 hGds}b
 jf bz jif{ eGbf a9L s}b sf];hfo x'g]s;"//k6s]
s;"/bf/afx]s cGo s;"/bf/sf] xsdf k|df0f a'em\g tf]lsPsf]
klxnf]k6s tfl/v tf]lsPsf]ldltn]Ps jif{leq d'2fsf]lsgf/f
x'g g;s]s  f w/f}6L jf hdfgt lnO{ y'gfaf6 5f8\g ;lsg] .
 k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf /x]sf]cleo'QmnfO{ x'g ;Sg]clwstd
s}bsf];hfosf]cjlweGbf a9L cjlw;Dd y'gfdf g/flvg] .

 ;fIfLnfO{ ;'ljwf /;'/Iff k|bfg ug]{

;/sf/jfbL d'2fsf ;fIfLnfO{ ;/sf/n] b}lgs e|d0f eQfsf] ;'ljwf /
cfjZostf cg';f/;'/Iff k|bfg ug]{.
 ;fIfLsf] Jojxf/, d'vfs[ltsf] l6kf]6 ug{ ;lsg]
;fIfLnfO{ askq u/fpFbf lghsf]Jojxf/jf d'vfs[lt s:tf]lyof],
hjfkm lbFbf pQ] lht ePsf], x8a8fPsf] , 8/ fPsf]lyof]lyPg jf
lghsf] Jojxf/af6 lghn] lbPsf] hjfkm ;fFrf] em'6f] s] emNsGYof] eGg]
Joxf]/f l6kf]6 agfpg ;lsg]  .
 ga'emL gx'g];fIfL pkl:yt gePdf hl/afgf tyf kqmfp ug{ ;lsg]]
k|df0f k/ LIf0fsf]lbg tf]
lsPsf]lbg pkl: yt gx'g]/ga'emL gx'g]
g]kfn ;/sf/jfbL x'g]d'2fsf];fIfLnfO{ ;dfx\jfg hf/L ubf{ ;d]t
pkl:yt gePdf b'O{ xhf/?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf u/L kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L
u/L kqmfp u/L askq u/fpg ;lsg] .

#* d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 ;hfo dfkmL, d'NtjL, kl/jt{g jf sd gx'g]
b]xfosf s;"/sf s;"/b f/nfO{ ePsf];hfo dfkmL, dNtjL, kl/jt{g
jf sd gx'g]M–
 e|i6frf/,
 oftgf,
 ha/h:tL s/0fL,
 q'm/tyf cdfgjLo tl/sfn]jf lgoGq0fdf lnO{ Hofg df/]sf],
 hflt xTof,
 ljikmf]6s kbfy{,
 ckx/0f, z/L/aGws jf AolQm a]k Qf,
 dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/,
 ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f, /
 tLg jif{eGbf a9L s}b  ;hfo x'g]nfu"cf}ifwsf]cf];
 f/k;f/jf
sf/f]af/  .

Ps dlxgfleq k}m;nf n]vL ;Sg' kg]{

k}m;nf ePsf]Ps dlxgf leq k}m;nf n]vL ;Sg' kg]{, ;f]cjlwdf
n]vL g;s]df pRr cbfntsf]d'Vo GofofwLz /k|wfg GofofwLz
;dIf ph'/ug{ ;Sg]o;/L ph'/k/]sf]d
 f d'Vo GofofwLz jf k|wfg
GofofwLzn]Ps xKtfleq k}m ;nf tof/ug{ ;DalGwt GofofwLznfO{
lgb]{zg lbg]  .

• k}m;nf k|df0fLs/0f ePsf];"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{

cbfntn] k|To]s xKtf k|df0fLs/0f ePsf] k}m;nfsf] ljj/0f cbfntsf]
;"rgf kf6L /j]a;fO6df k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{.
• s}b jfkt /sd ltg{ ;lsg]
Ps jif{ jf ;f]eGbf sd s} b ;hfo x'g]s;"/ df klxnf]k6s
s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf] s;"/bf/sf] pd]/, s;"/sf] uDeL/tf, s;"/ u/]sf]

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? #(

 tl/sf, cfr/0f ;d]tsf cfwf/df sf/fuf/df /fVg pko'Qm gePdf /
lghnfO{ 5f]8\bf ;fj{hlgs zflGt, sfg"g /Joj:yfdf vt/f gk'Ug]
ePdf Ps lbgsf]tLg ;o ?k}ofFsf b/n]/sd a'emfpg nufO{ s}bdf
a:g' gkg]{cfb]z lbg ;Sg] .
 kLl8t jf ;fIfLsf]kl/ro uf]Ko /fVg ;lsg]
kLl8t jf ;fIfLsf];'/Iff cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/u/L lghx¿sf]ljj/0f
uf]Ko /fVg ;lsg]  .

@=% kmf}hbf/L s;"/-;hfo lgwf{/0f tyf sfof{Gjog_ P]g

s;"/7x/eP kl5 ;hfo lgwf{/0 f x'g]

kmf}hbf/L s;"/df klxn] s;"/bf/ 7x/ ul/;s] kZrft ;hfo lgwf{/0f
ug]{/o;/L ;hfo lgwf{/0 f ubf{ tLg jif{ eGbf a9L s}b jf tL; xhf/
?k}ofF eGbf a9L hl/afgf x'g]s;"/d  f 5'6\6};'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{.

 v'nf Ohnf;df ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{

s;"/lgwf{/
0f ;DaGwL ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ v'Nnf Ohnf;df ;'g'jfO{ u/
L
;hfo lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{.
 ;a}eGbf a9L ;hfo dfq sfof{Gjog ug]{
Ps}jf/bftdf ePsf ljleGg s;"/jfkt cnu cnu ;hfo lgwf{/0f
u/L ;a}eGbf a9L ;hfo dfq sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{.

uDeL/d'2fdf ;hfo k"j{sf]k|ltj]bg lng' kg]{

tLg jif{ eGbf a9L s}b jf tL; xhf/?k}ofF eGbf a9L hl/afgf
x'g ;Sg]s;"/df ;hfo lgwf{/0f ug'{ k"j{ s;"/b f/sf]JolQmut,
;fdflhs, ;f+:s  [lt k[i7e"ld, s;"/ubf{sf]kl/l:ylt, s;"/ug'{
k"j{sf] rfnrng, s;"/bf/sf] pd]/ ;d]tsf cfwf/df cbfntn]
k|f]j]zg jf Kof/f]n clws[taf6 k|ltj]b g lng ;Sg] .

$) d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 s;"/sf] uDeL/tf tyf s;"/ ubf{sf] kl/l:ylt ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;hfo
lgwf{/0f ul/g]
kmf}hbf/L s;"/df ;hfo lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;hfosf] p2]ZonfO{ ljrf/ u/L
s;"/sf] uDeL/tf / s;"/bf/sf] bf]ifsf] dfqf, s;"/ ubf{sf] kl/l:ylt,
s;"/sf] uDeL/tf a9fpg] jf 36fpg] cj:yf ;d]tsf] cfwf/df ;hfo
lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{.
 afnaflnsfnfO{ ;hfo lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;jf{Q ] d lxt ;d]t nfO{ ljrf/ug'{
kg]{
afnaflnsfnfO{ ;hfo lgwf{/ 0f ubf{ lghsf];jf] {Qd lxt, s;"/ sf]
uDeL/tf / bf]ifsf] dfqf, lghsf] JolQmut kl/l:ylt, ck/fwk|ltsf]
kZrftfd ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;hfo lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{/h3Go, uDeL/
jf k6s] s;"/ u/]sf]df afx]s s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] u/L ;hfo lgwf{/0f
ug'{ gx'g] .

s}bsf] ljsNk
s}bsf]ljsNksf]?kdf ;fd'bflos ;]jf ug{ cfb]z  lbg ;lsg], s}b
;hfo lgnDag ug{ ;lsg], ;'wf/u[xdf k7fpg ;lsg], k'g:yf{kgf
s]Gb|df k7fpg ;lsg], ;Ktfxsf]clGtd lbg jf /fqLsfnLg ;dodf
dfq sf/uf/df a;L s}b e'Qmfg ug{ ;lsg], v'nf sf/fuf/df /fVg
;lsg], Kof/f]ndf /fVg ;lsg], s}b jfkt >ddf nufpg ;lsg],
;fdflhsLs/0f u/fpg ;lsg]  . -oL Joj:yfx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] ldlt b]lv k|f/De x'g]_

 cGo ;hfo kof{Kt gx'g]ePdf dfq s}b

 sf];hfo ug]{
cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s  s'g}s;"/bf/nfO{ ;hfo ubf{ hl/afgf
/;fd'bflos ;]jf kof{Kt gx'g]ePdf s}bsf];hfo ug'{ kg]{.
 cfly{s xflg gf]S;fgL ;d]t  sf cfwf/df hl/afgf lgwf{/0f ug]{
s'g} s;"/bf/nfO{ hl/afgf ubf{ s;"/bf/sf] cfly{s x}l;ot / cfo
cfh{g Ifdtf, kLl8t JolQmnfO{ x'g uPsf]cfly{s xflg gf] S;fgL,
ljuf]sf] /sd ;d]t sf cfwf/df ug'{ kg]{ .

d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? $!

  ls:tfaGbLdf hl/afgf ltg{ ;Sg]
;fdfGotof hl/afgf tTsfn a'emfpg' kg]{/tTsfn a'emfpg g;s]d f
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;Sg]  .
 s}b s§f x'g ;Sg]
s'g}s}bLsf]s}bdf /xFbf rfnrngdf ;'wf/cfPdf lglZrt cjlw s}b
sf/fuf/n] s§f ug{ ;Sg]  .

s}b s§f gx'g]

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 hGd s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf],
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 e|i6frf/;DaGwL s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf],
 dfgj a]
rlavg tyf cf]
;f/
k;f/;DaGwL s;"/d
 f ;hfo
kfPsf],
 ckx/0f tyf z/L/aGws ;DaGwL s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf],
 nfu" cf}ifw cf];f/ k;f/ tyf sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL s;"/df ;hfo
kfPsf],
 ;Ël7t ck/fw ;DaGwL s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf],
 ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f ;DaGwL s;"/df ;hfo kfPsf],
 oftgf jf qm'/, lgd{d, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/
;DaGwL s;"/d  f ;hfo kfPsf],
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 k|f]j]zg tyf Kof/f]n af]8{

s}b ;hfo kfPsf s;"/bf/sf];fdflhs k'g:yf{kgf tyf PsLs/0f
ug]{sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]tyf k|f]jz ] g tyf Kof/fn
] ;DaGwL gLlt
lgdf{0f u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;d]t k|of]hgsf] nflu
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]cWoIftfdf ;+3Lo k|f]jz ] g tyf Kof/f]n af]8 { /d'Vo
GofoflwjQmfsf] cWoIftfdf k|b]z k|f]j]zg tyf Kof/f]n jf]8{ /xg]  .

$@ d'n'sL b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtfsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx?

 Ifltk"lt{ e/fO lbg' kg]{
kLl8tnfO{ k'us ]f]ef}
lts, zf/
Ll/
s, dfgl;s, efjgfTds Ifltjfkt
Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{.
 kLl8t /fxt sf]if
kLl8tnfO{ /fxt pknAw u/fpg kLl8t /fxt sf]if /xg] .

#= s]xL g]kfn sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg, PsLs/0f, ;dfof]hg / vf/]h ug]{ P]g,

@)&$ åf/f vf/]h ePsf P]gx¿

 gful/s clwsf/P]g, @)!@

 g]kfn sf]6
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 d'n'sL P]g
 h'jf P]g, @)@)
 ljjfx btf{ P]g, @)@*
 s]xL kmf}hbf/L d'2f vf/]h ug]{/b08 ;hfo ldgfxf lbg]P]g,
@)@)
 s]xL ;fj{hlgs -ck/fw /;hfo_ P]g, @)@&
 /fHo lj?4sf]ck/fw /;hfo P]g, @)$^
 ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$(
 s/f/ P]g, @)%^ .

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l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+
kmf]gM $–@!!(*&, $–@!!&*^, $–@!!^#), $–@!!&$!,
$–@!!^#$, $–@!!&)@, $–@!!^#^, $–@!!*&@,
$–@!!&@&
km\ofS; g+=M $–@!!^*$
j]e;fO6M www.moljpa.gov.np

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