Test 1

a. Two methanol–water mixtures are contained in separate flasks. The first mixture contains
40.0 wt% methanol, and the second contains 70.0 wt% methanol. If 200 g of the first mixture
is combined with 150 g of the second, what are the mass and composition of the product?
[5 marks]
b. Discuss the difference between sulphate and sulphite pulping processes in the
manufacturing of paper.
[5 marks]

c. Air is bubbled through a drum of liquid hexane at a rate of 0.100 kmol/min. The gas
stream leaving the drum contains 10.0 mole% hexane vapor. Air may be considered insoluble
in liquid hexane. Use an integral balance to estimate the time required to vaporize 10.0 m of
the liquid.
[5 marks]
d. A plant containing a reactor is being started up (being put into operation). In a startup
phase with fluid flowing in all streams, the temperatures of the reactor and some of the
streams are seen to be changing with time as they move toward the values they will
eventually be held. The chemical composition of the material coming from the reactor is also
changing with time in response to the reactor conditions. The startup phase is over when the
temperatures and compositions reach their desired values and no longer change with time.
Classify the startup phase and the period after the startup phase in terms of being batch or
continuous and steady state or unsteady state.
[5 marks]

e. One thousand kilograms per hour of a mixture of benzene (B) and toluene (T) containing
50% benzene by mass is separated by distillation into two fractions. The mass flow rate of
benzene in the top stream is 450 kg B/h and that of toluene in the bottom stream is 475 kg
T/h. The operation is at steady state. Write balances on benzene and toluene to calculate the
unknown component flowrates in the output streams. [5 marks]
Test 2
(a) The main objective of the chemical process industry is to reduce cost of the final
product. Describe how this can be achieved under the following headings
(i) To increase the yield [3 marks]
(ii) Material balance [3 marks]
(iii) Energy balance [3 marks]

Differentiate between process flow diagrams and Pipping and instrument diagrams.
Give 2 examples each. [6 marks]

(iv) b) What are pilot plants and its importance [4marks]

(v) d) Instruments are the essential tool for modern processing. Instruments
should be chosen simply to record process variables and give assurance in four
important areas. Name the FOUR areas.

[4 marks]
Chemical process industry includes manufacturing facilities whose products result from three
important processes. Discuss the different processes and give for examples of the products
formed. [10 marks]