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Bài giảng - Phương pháp giải các dạng bài tập ester
Bài giảng - Phương pháp giải các dạng bài tập ester
KHÓA LIVE – M
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Ví dụ 1: Cho 23 gam C2H5OH tác dụng với 24 gam CH3COOH (xúc tác H2SO4 đặc) với hiệu
suất phản ứng 60%. Khối lượng ester thu được là
Đáp án:
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Ví dụ 3: Đun CH3COOH dư với 4,6 gam C2H5OH (xúc tác H2SO4 đặc), thu được 5,72 gam
CH3COOC2H5. Hiệu suất của phản ứng ester hóa tính theo alcohol là
Đáp án:
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Ví dụ 4: Isoamyl acetate có mùi thơm đặc trưng của chuối chín nên được gọi là dầu chuối. Khi
đun nóng hỗn hợp gồm 16,2 gam acetic acid và 15,2 gam isoamly alcohol
[(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH] với xúc tác là H2SO4 đặc, thu được 14,16 gam dầu chuối. Tính hiệu suất
của phản ứng điều chế dầu chuối trên?
Đáp án:
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Ví dụ 6: Hỗn hợp X gồm acid C2H5COOH và C3H7COOH (tỉ lệ mol 3 : 2). Hỗn hợp Y gồm hai
alcohol CH3OH và C2H5OH (tỉ lệ mol 1 : 2). Lấy 19,9 gam hỗn hợp X tác dụng với 12,4 gam hỗn
hợp Y (có xúc tác H2SO4 đặc) thu được m gam hỗn hợp ester (hiệu suất các phản ứng đều bằng
90%). Giá trị m là :
Đáp án:
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Ví dụ 1: Xà phòng hóa 17,6 gam ethyl acetate bằng 200 ml dung dịch NaOH 0,4M. Sau khi phản
ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn, cô cạn dung dịch thu được chất rắn khan có khối lượng là :
A. 20,8 gam. B. 17,12 gam. C. 16,4 gam. D. 6,56 gam.
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Ví dụ 2: Cho 4,2 gam ester đơn chức no E tác dụng hết với dung dịch NaOH ta thu được 4,76
gam muối natri. Vậy công thức cấu tạo của E có thể là:
A. CH3COOCH3 B. HCOOCH3 C. CH3COOC2H5 D. HCOOC2H5
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Ví dụ 4: Ester X có CTPT C7H12O4, khi cho 16 gam X tác dụng vừa đủ với 200 gam dung dịch
NaOH có nồng độ 4% thì thu được một alcohol Y và 17,8 gam hỗn hợp 2 muối. CTCT thu gọn
của X là công thức nào dưới đây?
A. C2H5COOCH2CH2CH2OOCH B. CH3COOCH2CH2CH2OOCCH3
C. HCOOCH2CH2CH2CH2OOCCH3 D. CH3COOCH2CH2OOCC2H5
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Ví dụ 6: Ester X được tạo thành từ ethylene glycol và hai acid carboxylic đơn chức. Trong phân
tử ester, số nguyên tử carbon nhiều hơn số nguyên tử oxygen là 1. Khi cho m gam X tác dụng
với dung dịch NaOH (dư) thì lượng NaOH đã phản ứng là 10 gam. Giá trị của m là
A. 17,5. B. 14,5. C. 15,5. D. 16,5.
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Ví dụ 2: Hỗn hợp E gồm bốn ester đều có công thức C8H8O2 và có vòng benzen. Cho 16,32 gam
E tác dụng tối đa với V ml dung dịch NaOH 1M (đun nóng), thu được 3,88 gam hỗn hợp
alcohol và 18,78 gam hỗn hợp muối. Giá trị của V là
A. 240. B. 120. C. 190. D. 100.
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Ví dụ 4: Cho hỗn hợp X gồm hai ester có cùng công thức phân tử C9H8O2 và đều chứa vòng
benzen. Để phản ứng hết với 7,4 gam X cần tối đa 75 ml dung dịch NaOH 1M, thu được dung
dịch Y chứa m gam hai muối. Dung dịch Y tác dụng với lượng dư dung dịch AgNO3 trong NH3,
thu được 16,2 gam Ag. Biết các phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn. Giá trị của m là
A. 6,95. B. 9,95. C. 9,50. D. 3,40.
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Ví dụ 6: Hỗn hợp E gồm ba ester đều có công thức C8H8O2 và có vòng benzen. Cho 16,32 gam E
tác dụng tối đa với 150 ml dung dịch NaOH 1M (đun nóng), thu được hỗn hợp X gồm các
alcohol và 18,78 gam hỗn hợp muối. Cho toàn bộ X vào bình đựng kim loại Na dư, sau khi phản
ứng kết thúc khối lượng bình Na tăng m gam so với ban đầu. Giá trị của m là
A. 3. B. 2,91. C. 3,54. D. 3,45.
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