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An Introduction to the
Chemistry of the
Transition Elements
Question Paper 3

Level International A Level

Subject Chemistry
Exam Board CIE
Topic An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Transition
Elements
Sub-Topic
Paper Type Theory
Booklet Question Paper 3

Time Allowed: 59 minutes

Score: /49

Percentage: /100

Grade Boundaries:

A* A B C D E U

>85% 777.5% 70% 62.5% 57.5% 45% <45%

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1 (a) (i) What is meant by the density of a substance?

Mass
per unit of occupied
volume
....................................................................................................................................

(ii) Use data from the Data Booklet to explain why the density of iron is greater than that
of calcium.
As Iron has a smaller size compared with calcium.
....................................................................................................................................

and....................................................................................................................................
has move number
proton neutron and electron hence
of
move wass.
....................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) In general, reactions of the compounds of transition elements can be classified under
one or more of the following headings.

acid-base
ligand exchange
precipitation
redox

Choose the most suitable heading to describe each of the following reactions, by placing
a tick ( ) in the appropriate column in the table below.
Only one tick should be placed against each reaction.

ligand
reaction acid-base
exchange
precipitation redox

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 6H2O ~

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4HCl → [CuCl 4]2– + 4H+ + 6H2O -

2FeCl 2 + Cl 2 → 2FeCl 3 /

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH– → Fe(OH)2 + 6H2O -

2Fe(OH)2 + ½O2 + H2O → 2Fe(OH)3 ~

CrO3 + 2HCl → CrO2Cl 2 + H2O v

Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 + OH– → [Cr(H2O)2(OH)4]– + H2O

/
[Cr(OH)4]– + 1½H2O2 + OH– → CrO42– + 4H2O

[8]

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(c) Alloys of aluminium, titanium and vanadium are used in aerospace and marine equipment,
and in medicine.

When a powdered sample of one such alloy is heated with an excess of aqueous NaOH,
only the aluminium reacts, according to the following equation.

2Al (s) + 2OH–(aq) + 6H2O(l) → 2[Al (OH)4]–(aq) + 3H2(g)

3
1009 Odm

Reacting 100 g of alloy in this way produced 8.0 dm3 of hydrogen, measured under room
conditions.

Calculate the percentage by mass of aluminium in the alloy.

Al(S) =
100
grams

percentage = ........................ %
[3]

[Total: 14]

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(a) (i) Suggest why transition elements show variable oxidation states in their compounds
whereas s-block elements like calcium do not.
As a block elements have d-subshell election
empty
....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

(ii) Calculate the oxidation number of the metal in each of the following ions.
+ 5 -
4
5
VO2+ .......................................
+

4
+
-
6
+ 4
CrF62– .......................................
+ 6 -
8
G
MnO42– .......................................
+

[4]

(b) Explain why transition element complexes are often coloured whereas compounds of
s-block elements such as calcium and sodium are not.
Transition element
nearly same energies
complexes have the in their s-subshell
...........................................................................................................................................
and d-subshell. The d-subshell is diveded into two differentenergy
...........................................................................................................................................
level. Each
energy level have differentenergy hence their frequency
...........................................................................................................................................
is different
E=Lf. When frequency is differentthe absorbition of photon
...........................................................................................................................................

are different hence different color is been seem

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[4]

(c) SO2 and MnO4– react together in acidic solution.

(i) Use the Data Booklet to construct a balanced equation for this reaction.

(aq) 250215) 2420,e)<5Mn'Taw) 50? laq) 4h caw)

+

+
....................................................................................................................................
54n0n 9
+
+
-

(ii) Describe the colour change you would see when SO2(aq) is added to a sample of
acidified KMnO4 until the SO2 is in excess.
coburless
purple
from ............................................................ to ........................................................
[3]

(d) Describe the observations you would make when NH3(aq) is added gradually to a solution
containing Cu2+ ions, until the NH3 is in an excess.
when NH5(ag) is added to cation the solution becomes
...........................................................................................................................................

pale blue when Mrz is in an excess the solution becomes

...........................................................................................................................................

dark blue.
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
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[Total: 14]
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Washing soda is hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O.

A student wished to determine the value of x by carrying out a titration, with the following
results.

5.13 g of washing soda crystals were dissolved in water and the solution
was made up to 250 cm3 in a standard volumetric flask.

25.0 cm3 of this solution reacted exactly with 35.8 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3
hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide was produced.

(a)
a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between Na2CO3 and HCl .

NazCO3 (s) 2MC(as)

->
2Nacl(s) 120(e) (O2(a)
....................................................................................................................................
+ +
+

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of HCl in the 35.8 cm3 of solution used in the titration.
Moles Concentration
= volume
x

3.58x153moes
#
0.x

558 =

(iii) Use your answers to (i) and (ii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of Na2CO3 in the
25.0 cm3 of solution used in the titration.
3.58x153
if Cnx =

x
1NazC0z =

Nazc0z
3.58x153
=
1.79x15moles
=

(iv) Use your answer to (iii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of Na2CO3 in the 250 cm3
of solution in the standard volumetric flask.
25cm3 of NazC03 1.79 x10moles
=

250cm" ofNazC3 = x

(1.79
x =

153)
+ 250
+

0.0179 moles
=

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(v) Hence calculate the mass of Na2CO3 present in 5.13 g of washing soda crystals.
Mr of Naz(z (23x2) =
12
+
(16x3)
+

= 100
grams/moles

I mol 100
=
grams
0.0179 mol
=

xc
grams

x = 106 x 0.0179

1.8974
grams
=

1.9grans
=

[6]

(b) Use your calculations in (a) to determine the value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O.

1.9 + 2 5.13
=

grang

z =
5.13
1.9
-

=
323
grams

mole
I
of 450 =
8gram
x
=323
grace

-3 0.179 moles
=

I 0.0179 moles
[2]
=

x
0.179
=

more
[Total: 8]

0
x =

10
=

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Zinc is an essential trace element which is necessary for the healthy growth of animals

and plants. Zinc deficiency in humans can be easily treated by using zinc salts as dietary
supplements.

(a) One salt which is used as a dietary supplement is a hydrated zinc sulfate, ZnSO4.xH2O,
which is a colourless crystalline solid.

Crystals of zinc sulfate may be prepared in a school or college laboratory by reacting

dilute sulfuric acid with a suitable compound of zinc.

Give the formulae of two simple compounds of zinc that could each react with dilute
sulfuric acid to produce zinc sulfate.
znΔ
(9) zn(04)2 (s)
....................................................... and ....................................................... [2]

(b) A simple experiment to determine the value of x in the formula ZnSO4.xH2O is to heat it
carefully to drive off the water.

ZnSO4.xH2O(s) → ZnSO4(s) + xH2O(g)

A student placed a sample of the hydrated zinc sulfate in a weighed boiling tube and
reweighed it. He then heated the tube for a short time, cooled it and reweighed it when
cool. This process was repeated four times. The final results are shown below.

mass of mass of tube + mass of tube + salt

empty tube / g hydrated salt / g after fourth heating / g
74.25 77.97 76.34

(i) Why was the boiling tube heated, cooled and reweighed four times?
To make sure residue was not
any left
....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of the anhydrous salt produced.

76.34 74.25 2.09
=

grams
-

Imole
ofInsox = 161.5grams
smole
of Zeson 2.09
=

grams

x = 2.09
=0.0129 moles
161.5

(iii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of water driven off by heating.

77.97 -
7634
= 163
grang

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mel
ofH20
72 1.63
=

greis
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=
0.091 moles

(iv) Use your results to (ii) and (iii) to calculate the value of x in ZnSO4.xH2O.

Imole
of 2ns04.32420
0.09
=

7.05
= =
7

x 7 =

[7]

(c) For many people, an intake of approximately 15 mg per day of zinc will be sufficient to
prevent deficiencies.

Zinc ethanoate crystals, (CH3CO2)2Zn.2H2O, may be used in this way.

(i) What mass of pure crystalline zinc ethanoate (Mr = 219.4) will need to be taken to
obtain a dose of 15 mg of zinc?

(ii) If this dose is taken in solution as 5 cm3 of aqueous zinc ethanoate, what would be
the concentration of the solution used?
Give your answer in mol dm–3.

[4]

[Total: 13]

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