SECTION A — Multiple-choice questions (30 marks) Instructions for Section A Answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions. ‘Choose the response that is correct or that best answers the question A correct answer scores 1; an incorrect answer scores 0. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers. No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question. Which of the following is mot a vector quantity? 1. @re B. Velocity C. Displacement 5 Force 2, In suvat formulae, what does the symbol ‘s’ represent? ‘A. Second Speed Displacement Velocity ‘The gradient of a velocity-time graph gives: speed acceleration distance travelled Grr + 4. Which graph best matches the motion of a person walking away from you at @ constant speed? a 16 distance distance distance distance time time time time 5. The force of gravity on a person or object at the surface of a planet is also known as: AL Mass B. Airresistance Inertia WeightIn the expression Fyer= ma, the term ‘Fyer” represents: A. the reaction force. B. the average force acting on a body. the magnitude of the force that is opposing the acceleration of the body ® the vector sum of all forces acting on a body. 7. A chair of mass 20.0 kg is pushed to the right by an unknown applied foree, F. A frietion force of 15.0 N acts on the char. Ifthe chair is accelerating at 2.0 m/s", what isthe value of F? dok5 A. 250N & B. 30.0N 15.0” > G08 = : Fer = F-15 = 20x2 => Fe 55~v 8. According to Newton's Third Law of Motion, when a hammer strikes and exerts a force on a nail, the nail A. creates a balanced force. B. disappears into the wood. ‘moves at a constant speed exerts an equal and opposite force back on the hammer. 9. An example of Newton’s Third Law in action is: @ a rocket engine. Pye = ma C. car travelling on a straight road at constant velocity D. Weight and air resistance for a skydiver falling at terminal velocity. 10. A frictionless box of mass m kilograms is at rest on a smooth horizontal table. A horizontal force of F newtons is applied. The gravitation field strength is g newtons per kilogram. What is the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration of the box? has i Aare to Wk Hen. Not requined > Po © m1 sm Bln11. A change that permanently alters the DNA of an organism is referred to as: A__ecology. mutation, diversification D sterilisation 12. Merino sheep from Spain were first introduced to Australia in the late eighteenth century. Australian farmers imported merino sheep from other countries to crossbreed with their existing flocks. By the second half of the nineteenth century, merino sheep in Australian flocks were bigger, healthier and able to produce up to 10 times more wool than the original Spanish variety. This is an example of: Crete sei natural selection. D extinction. 13. Studies have shown that the embryos of birds, mammals and reptiles have similar features during the early stages of their development. These similarities could be interpreted as evidence that birds, mammals and reptiles: A live in very similar environments. have stopped evolving. COD te Son in have existed on Earth for the same amount of time. 14, Lions are predators that hunt zebras and other prey on the savannahs (grassy plains) of Africa, As @ group of lions preys on a herd of zebras, some zebras are eliminated. Which one of the following best describes this scenario? A Evolution is a rapid process. B Ancient organisms are simpler than modern organisms, All life is related. (Only the fittest survive.15. The following diagram shows a particular cellular process. ‘The process shown is: A fertilisation. B_ evolution, CL mitosis. meiosis. 16. Variation, overproduction, selection and adaptation are four concepts used to describe the driving mechanism for the theory of evolution. A student wrote the following descriptions of each concept. Ww Zz ‘Some individuals Every species tends to | ‘The characteristics of | A population will survive longer, produce more individuals that have individuals that reproduce for a longer | offspring than can | survive and reproduce | differ in many trait. period of timeand — | survive to reach will become more have more offspring | maturity ‘common in a than other individuals population. Which row of the following table correctly identifies the names of W, X, ¥ and Z? A B © D z dapiation election aration wverproduction Variation lection rerproduction cdaptation election wverproduction adaptation fariation ferproduction adaptation Wvariation election17. The strand has a sequence of bases (A, C, G and T), ies Agee Ca AC) T C How many amino acids does the strand of DNA in Figure | code for? Oo 18, Which of the following protein structures describes the protein in an alpha-helix structure? jae Primary structure Secondary Structure Tertiary Structure D- Quatemary structure 19. What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches in the Galdpagos Islands? ‘The same species of finches lived on all the islands. CB) Different species of finches lived on different islands, ‘Various species of finches lived on just one of the islands. D__ Identical species of finches lived in South America. 20, Individuals that are well-adapted to their environment will survive and produce: fewer mutations. ‘Bmore offspring, ‘stronger genes. D__ better traits. 21. The neutral atom $$Ca contains: A 20 neutrons, 40 protons and 40 electrons 40 neutrons, 20 protons and 20 electrons ‘> 20 neutrons, 20 protons and 20 electrons 40 neutrons, 20 protons and 40 electrons 22, The electronic configuration an atom of phosphorus is: {S A. 18'2st2p'3s'3p! Sage | 2s'2p8 3s” 3e D. 15'2s*2p*3st3p*nwo metals 23. Which of the following lists contains omy-ner-metallic elements? A. Hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium Oxygen, chlorine, sulfur Lithium, sodium, magnesitm;@faminium D. Iron, sulfur, carbon, phosphorous. 24. The bonding in metals is best explained as attraction between: A. Oppositely charged ions. B. Molecules. Two nuclei and a pair of electrons. CQ) Positive ions and a sea of electrons. 25. Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state but are good conductors when molten. These observations are best explained by the fact that: Charged particles are always present but are only free to move when the substance is melted. Heating produces electrons, which are free to move in the molten state. D. Heating makes electrons mobile. ® ‘There are no charged particles inthe solid state, but when heated ions are produced. 26. A covalent bond results from: ‘The sharing of electrons by two atoms. A gain in electrons. D. The formation of particles of opposite charge. © ‘The complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. 27. Which of the following pairs of elements is most likely to combine by forming a covalent bond? A. Potassium and fluorine Carbon and chlorine @7 Iron and oxygen D. Lithium and bromide. Structural isomers are molecules that: Ga Have the sme molecular foranla bt different structures. B. Have the same molecular formula and the same structure. C. Have different molecular formulas but the same structure. D. Have different molecular formulas and different structures.29. When compated to thermosetting polymers it is expected that thermoplastie polymers will be: More difficult to met. B_) Softer and easier to mould Harder and more resistant to impact. D._ Difficult to recycle. 30, The molecule shown below is ethene. ‘This can undergo polymerisation to form polyethylene, When this occurs: Water is produced The double bond becomes a single bond. (C. Each carbon atom forms five bonds D. Hydrogens from different monomers bond with each otherSection B: Short Answer (60 marks) Instructions for SectionB Answer all questions in the spaces provided in legible writing, Where required, give the correct unit for your answer. Blank paper is provided at the end of the booklet if extra space is required, Question 1 (6 marks) A car that is travelling at 5 m/s East accelerates at 2 m/s* East for 10 seconds. a) Complete the following. Ifa quantity is unknown, show this with a question mark Positive direction = _ZAST 7 iy wabals ee ere wack 7 +2m[s2 (Uae te pot ae i=_l0s (3 marks) b) Determine which equation should be used to calculate the car’s final velocity. = aé veut (1 mark) ¢) Determine the final velocity in kilometres per hour. ue 54 2x10 = 25 m/s 6 (2 marks) 2om/s = 25 ~ 3-6 = G0 hm/h (OQuestion 2 (3 marks) A driver accelerates uniformly away from a set of traffic lights, travelling in a westerly direction. The velocity versus time graph for this motion is shown below. The mass of the car is 1300 kg. v (m/s) 6 2 33 t@) a) What was the acceleration of the vehicle in the first 6 seconds of motion? @ Comet Can use ar grit Answer OR az “rt O err tet é ward = (2 marks) ANS 3 m/s> west (-4 no aes b) What is the acceleration when it has been travelling for 12 seconds? on) Om/s* (1 mark)Question 3 (3 marks) ‘The following picture shows a 3.4 kg fish on the end of a line. At this time, the fish is stationary. a) Show that the magnitude of the force of gravity acting on the fish is 33.32 N. Fy = " 34% IF = 33-32N b) Explain why the tension in the fishing line must also be 33.32 N (2 marks) a oy peti on Fer 20 The tenner mark) (ehartes the of gmt (The sMemdl Serhrce ltt be enongh)Question 4 (8 marks) At one point in its motion, Kate’s car is experiencing a driving force of 4500 N and a total resistance force of 2100 N. The mass of the car is 1200 kg. \ noamal bee Faicriev oa ving Force OF GRAVITY ) Draw labelled vectors to show all the forves acting on the car at this time. (corte label with yates Flee Show that the net force acting on the car at this time is 2400'N. You must show clearly how ‘you have proven this. ae 4500 - 2100 @© = 2400) eran / ¢) Determine the acceleration of the car at this time. salad PNET an (NE m™ - 2400. (emis) 2 1/200 =2m/s* & thr RIGHT (-h fomQuestion 5 (S marks) The following diagram shows a type of structure. ¢ STE J ~~ DDOK a) Identify the structure, (1 mark Aedhe hebser b) ~~ Outline the role of the structure. (1 matty Coded inshuchons foreetutir prowneo ©) Name the process that converts this structure into a form that is able to leave the nucleus. (1 mark) prancsenpoerr 4) This structure will play a role in protein production. Edentify the location in the cell where proteins are produced (1 mark) fibosornte e) ‘What elements (atoms) are proteins made of? (i mark) CHe WwW 12Question 6 (2 marks) ‘Syndrome H is an inherited condition. People with syndrome H do not produce the enzyme IDUA. The figure below shows part of the geng coding for the enzyme IDUA. 1111-4 TT Strand J from a person c T C AT T AG C_ without syndrome H —T TT “TTT —T™_ Strand K from a person Cota tCe Ag an, A GC TC with syndrome H Strand K shows a mutation in the ‘The enzyme IDUA helps to br produced from Strand K will n which has caused syndrome H. own a carbohydrate in the human body. The enzyme IDUA ork. a) Identify the change in thg/sequence. (1 mark) b) Name the type of mutation. (1 mark) sabshtu pore Question 7 (2 marks) Define the term “biodiversity” and outline why biodiversity is a function of evolution. - \ ; ; aise sciy of Fe Varia bond sires —need paras wthne pypdetey dot Aflereat chock Bron for? Tt Dursorred oocs/ others (2 marks) 1BQuestion 8 (2 marks) Describe one similarity and one difference between meiosis and mitosis. Orers = Aan tes beet cess Feels 2 ceths heyelored Aasoref Qu flv. | rouncdefaliv, peribeake, cen oy Then brent cols Sim | —ntw eu s ~DN4A repoiecatecAQuestion 9 (4 marks) Use the figure below to answer Question 5 forelimb bones, A 8 © human whale bat a) The forelimbs of the organisms above are examples of what type of structures? (1 mark) —Aerretogitng an b) What are the functions of each of the three forelimbs in this figure? (1 mark) SRS Sena Ly ©) What do these structures indicate about the evolution of the three organisms? (1 mark) Common ances for 4) What would be an example of a structure analogous to structure C? (1 mark) Fable cf big essereg -Question 10 (5 marks) ‘The snails in the below image were separated by a geographical barrier that led to the formation of separate species Deseribe how speciation occurred in this case, (5 marks) Serer ren peglahor ~Heegrepht bar ies Tmt £ oceumalaADr ff Mutanens = faae a tvataccou trots f2 SSS 7 AWwvezerromei! gshereef- blo U Sermvre aad repore clu cQ ~ TF brepg il Bact beget, C01 70 loge / Question 11 (4 marks) rect Fo procluce rhe hoy a) Give the fall electronic configuration (spdf) of the element iron (Fe). 26 2 —_1s*2s* 2p 858d 645% b) State the number of valence electrons in Group 16 elements, oon ©) How many elegtrons does an atom of arsenic need to gain to achieve a full valence shell? d) Write the full electronic configuration (spdf) of the chloride ion, Cl Is* 2522p 357 35 oe ple ee (1x 4=4 marks) 16= BpQuestion 12 (2 marks) 4) Describe how the reactivity of elements changes as you move down through a group, such as group I (alkali metals) increas b) Give a reason for your answer to part a) Biagn atemic rakius incre, attruchor te lant electron weaker Cegie; fog aww ele tor) - (@x2=2 marks) Question 13 (4 marks) a) Draw the Lewis Dot ders for a carbon atom. C «CO» 2) Draw the Lewis Dot dagra for an oxygen atom 0° ° ° ° ©) Draw a Lewis dot diagram to show the covalent bonds in carbon dioxide. of xB ye O:C:0 A e 1S Fo ve (1+1+2=4 marks) 7Question 14 (6 marks) Complete the following table Chemical Formula CHa | 4 a> C=Cq » ) Wow Prop-2-ene ir u enund CG Hey (1x 6= 6 marks) Question 15 (2 marks) ‘Draw the structure of the following hydroeblbon: | u ib 2,2 — dimethylpropane _ 4 + ( | IkC-C- CK WwQuestion 16 (2 mark) a) Explain why properties of polymers that have cross-linking are different to those that do not have it. You may use a diagram in your answer, longPelsn- — Sly on cee - hows ) a NS QR \ocd eomovk - fespty BD reckoned (marks) END OF EXAMINATION