Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education

BUENAVISTA COMMUNITY COLLEGE
"Your Future Is Our Commitment"

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Physical Education 1 (Movement Enhancement)
First Semester (A.Y. 2023-2024)

Learning Content: Movement Enhancement (Movement Patterns, Exercise-Based) (Week 5)

Competency/ies: Familiarize themselves about the range of motion and body planes. Recognize the important role of bones and muscles.
Learning Outcomes: Familiarized themselves about the range of motion and body planes. Recognized the important role of bones and muscles.
Reference/s: Physical Education 1 Movement Enhancement College Textbook by Dr. Michelle D. Punzalan, et.al, page 2-4
Concept Notes:
The Science of Human Movement
The human body movement is a movement of a body segment toward the midline of the body. Circumduction is a movement where the joint is the
pivot and the body segment moves in a combination of flexion, extensions, adduction and abduction.
The type of movement that can be produced at a synovial joint is determined by its structural type.
While the socket joint gives the good range of movement at an individual joint.
Movement kinds are generally paired, with the opposite side of the other.
Body movements are described in relation to the anatomical position of the body.
Upright stance, with upper limbs to the other side of the body and palms facing forward.
Two Components of the Body that Cause Human Beings to Move
SKELETAL SYSTEM
The skeleton provides a strong, internal framework that supports the body, and provides protection for vital organs. These bones meet at joints, he
majority of which are freely movable, making the skeleton flexible and mobile.

Major Bones and Bone Groups

Bone of the Head (Skull – 29)
Vertebral Column (Vertebrae – 26) 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae)
Functions of the Skeletal System
Physiological functions
1. Provides a site for blood formation.
2. Serves as storehouse for calcium which is essential for nerve conduction, blood clotting and energy formation.
3. Plays a role in our immune function.
Structural functions
1. Gives support to the body.
2. It protects the delicate organs in the body.
3.Bones are rigid lever of locomotion.

The skeleton is divided into two groups:

1. Appendicular skeleton - which is composed of the upper extremity and lower extremity.
2. Axial skeleton - which is composed of the skull, ribs, trunk, vertebral column, and pelvic.

Factors Influencing Bone Health

1. Heredity- Heredity is an important determinant of bone mass density (BMD). This is a limiting factor on the amount of (BMD) an individual can attain.
2. Nutritional status - Nutrition is important in maintaining bone health. Calcium is important nutrient for the bones.
3. Hormonal status - The hormone estrogen plays an important role in attaining bone mass. While the females can develop a lower peak bone mass than
females with regular monthly period. Acceleration on the rate of bone loss is also likely to happen on menopausal women due to loss of estrogen.
 4. Activity Level-Children and adolescents should participate in high impact activities for the bone development.

Thoracic cage (Ribs - 1-7 true, 8-12 false, 11-12 floating. Sternum -1)
Pectoral Girdle
a. Clavicle (2)-collarbone
b. Scapula (2)-shoulder blade
c. Humerus (2)-long bone of the upper arm

Upper Extremities
a. Radius (2) - shorter and lateral bone of the forearm
b. Ulna (2) - medial and longer bone of forearm
c. Carpals (16) - wrist bone
d. Metacarpals (10)-long bone of the hand
e. Patella (2) the knee cap
f. Tibia (2) medial and larger two bones of the lower leg
g. Tarsal (14) the bones in the ankle
h. Metatarsals (10) long bones in the foot that are concave on the plantar or lower surface.
i. Phalanges (28) bones of the toes and fingers

Kinds of Muscle Fiber

Muscles are the exert forces; thus, they are the major contributor to human movement. Muscles are used to hold a position, to raise or lower a body
part, to slow down a fast-moving segment, and to generate great speed in the body or in an object that is propelled on the air. The muscles only have the
ability to pull and create a motion because it crosses a joint. The tension is developed by the muscles applying compression to the joints, enhancing their
stability. In some joint positions, however, the tension generated by the muscles can act to pull the segments apart and create instability.

Muscle Tissues' Properties

Four Properties of Muscle Tissues
1. Irritability - is the ability to respond to stimulus.
2. Contractility - is the ability of the muscles to generate tension and shorten when it receives sufficient stimulation.
3. Extensibility -is the muscles' ability to lengthen, or stretch beyond the resting length.
4. Elasticity - is the ability of the muscle fiber to return to its resting length after the stretch is removed.

Functions of Muscles
Skeletal muscles perform a variety of different functions, all of which are important to efficient performance of the human body. The three functions
relating specifically to human movement are contributing to the production of skeletal movement, assisting in joint stability, and maintaining posture and
body positioning.
1. Produce movement
Skeletal movement is created as muscle actions generate tensions that are transferred to the bone. The resulting movements are necessary for
locomotion and other segmental manipulations.

2. Maintain Postures and Positions

Muscle actions of a lesser magnitude are used to maintain postures. This muscle activity is continuous and results in small adjustments as the head
is maintained in position and the body weight is balanced over the feet.

3. Stabilize Joints
Muscle actions also contribute significantly to the stability of the joints. Muscles tensions are generated and applied across the joints via the
tendons, providing stability where they cross the joint. In most joints, especially the shoulder and the knee, the muscles spanning the joint via the tendons
are among the primary stabilizers.

4. Other Functions
a. Muscles support and protect the visceral organs and protect the internal tissues from injuries.
b. Tension in the muscle tissues can alter and control pressures within the cavities.
c. Skeletal muscles contribute to the maintenance of body temperature by producing heat.
d. The muscles control the entrances and exits to the body through voluntary control over swallowing, defecation, and urination.
d.1. Muscle tissue is made up of cells called fibers that have ability to contract or shorten, in order to
produce a pulling force.
d.2. Muscles are also extensible, and are elastic so that they can stretch and then recoil and resume to
their normal resting length.
d.3. Muscles are also electrically excitable, so that they can be stimulated to contract by nerve impulse.
Task/Activity:
Directions: Read the course content and answer the following questions.

1. How important is the Skeletal System in human movement?

2. What is the difference between axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton?
3. How does age influence bone health? Explain your answer.
4. Enumerate the functions of muscles in the body.

Prepared by:

CRISANTO M. GUDIA
PE1 Instructor