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A5-20 Internal Masonry
A5-20 Internal Masonry
A5-20 Internal Masonry
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A5-20 Internal Masonry
CONTENTS
Page
1.0 GENERAL 3
1.1 Scope 3
1.2 Related Sections 3
1.3 Standards 3
1.4 Trade Preamble 4
1.5 Definitions and Abbreviations 5
4.0 WORKMANSHIP 13
4.1 Delivery, Storage and Handling 13
4.2 Erection of Masonry Walls 13
4.3 Connections to Building Frame 16
4.4 Mortar Joints 16
4.5 Vertical Movement Joints 16
4.6 Provision for Work of Others 17
4.7 Mortaring in Fixtures 17
4.8 Grouting 17
4.9 Cutting and Patching 17
4.10 Protection 17
4.11 Cleaning and Pointing 17
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A5-20 Internal Masonry
1.0 GENERAL
Read with the General Requirements section, and all other contract documents.
1.1 Scope
This section covers the requirements for the erection of masonry walls not exposed to the outdoor
environment. Including common clay bricks, calsium silicate bricks, concrete blocks, glass block and
Autoclave Aerated blocks. Normally, these walls do not require a damp proof course. If a damp proof
course is required, refer to section A1-70 ‘External Masonry’. For waterproofing to toilets etc. refer
to section A4-100 ‘Internal Waterproofing’.
Read this work section in conjunction with the relevant requirements of the other work sections
including the following:
1.3 Standards
Where SS or SS CP are specified throughout, the equivalent MS shall take precedence. Unless
otherwise agreed by the SO, ensure all of the works comply with the relevant requirements of the
Standards and Codes listed below or referenced in the body of the Specification. Alternative
Standards and Codes may be submitted to the SO, provided it can be demonstrated that the
alternative Standards and Codes comply with the requirements of the standards specified. All
Standards and Codes quoted are current version, unless specific year references are noted.
Malaysian Standards
Singapore Standards
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SS 26 Ordinary Portland cement
Other Standards
BS EN 1461 Part 3 Hot dipped galvanised coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles
BS 4887 Part 1 Mortar admixtures: Specification for air entraining (plasticizing) admixtures
The intended type and locations of masonry walls for the project are indicated in the drawings and
schedules.
Engage qualified and experienced personnel to carry out and submit the following items to the SO:
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a. Select suitable supplier and product to comply with the specified requirements.
b. Submit suitable methods for the construction of the masonry including details of connections to
supporting structures and joints.
c. Submit suitable locations for concrete stiffeners and develop the details for construction,
based on typical design shown in the structural engineering drawings.
Co-ordinate the internal masonry works, particularly the interfaces with the following
work packages and trades:
a. Structural frame
b. Windows
c. Doors
d. Waterproofing
No item.
1.4.4 Warranty
No Item.
No item.
No item.
The following definitions and abbreviations apply within this work section:
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2.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
When carrying out the proposals as set out in clause 1.4.1, take account of the following
requirements:
2.1.1 Structural
Take into account, that any movements, settlement, deflection, expansion or contraction, which can
reasonably be expected to occur, do not affect the performance, appearance and proper functioning
of the works.
Joints between the works are to be formed to take into account, possible structural deflections or
movement in that adjacent element without distortion to the works or disintegration of joints
between works.
Take into account, that the design, fabrication and installation of the works accommodate all the
required loadings and their transfer, via points of restraint and support, back to the building
structure without permanent deformation.
2.1.1.3 Stability
Construct the works so that they remain rigid tight fitting and free from undue play, and measurable
permanent deformation caused by either self-weight or the normal use to which the works will be
subjected.
Temporary propping for restraining wall panels and columns to be by agreement with the SO
Maintain temporary propping in position until the permanent works laterally restrain the wall.
Unless otherwise agreed rise all connected walls together.
2.1.2 Thermal
No item.
2.1.3 Fire
The works must be non-combustible throughout. The walls including all associated steelwork must
provide fire separation/ barrier and smoke sealing between rooms/ compartments to the fire rating
as stipulated in UBBL.
Where noted on drawings install fire sealants to vertical and horizontal joints and intumescent paint
to the steelwork to achieve the required fire performance.
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2.1.4 Acoustics
As indicated in drawings.
2.1.5 Appearance
Uniform coloured, uniformly dense, flat, fine grain texture, with no cracks, chips, spalls or other
defects which would impair appearance.
Free from deleterious material that may stain plaster or corrode metal.
2.1.5.3 Joints
Unless otherwise specified joints are to be 12mm to allow for shrinkage and movement.
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3.0 MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
Refer to the BQ description for the specific types and component requirements of masonry walls for
the project.
Comply with SS 103. Refer to clause 3.1 for nominal dimensions of brick required.
Blocks - hard, even in shape, square with true arises, well matured and of a dense, well consolidated
mixture.
Blocks for load bearing to have a minimum compressive strength of not less than 5N/mm²
Blocks for non-load bearing use to have a minimum compressive strength of not less than 3.2N/mm².
Use hollow load bearing units where concrete blocks are indicated to be filled solid with mortar.
Use where solid concrete blocks are indicated or required for fire-rating, acoustic value or structural
considerations. Do not use hollow concrete blocks for load bearing walls unless agreed by SO and
designed by a PE.
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3.4.2 Weight and Density of Panel
a. 75kg/m² to 1 680kg/m³
3.4.3 Tolerances
Manufacture panels by the process of extrusion with sanding of both surfaces of the panel as the
final process. Manufacturing size:
a. Height: ±5mm
b. Width: ±3mm
c. Thickness: ±5mm
Both sides of the panel, sanded down to size during the manufacturing process. No skim coat or
plaster required. Ensure that there is no plaster or skim coat to the panel or tapes to the joints.
In accordance with dry weight of concrete used for making lightweight concrete. Block units not to
exceed 1522kg/m³.
3.4.6 Curing
Steam cure all concrete block, air dry for not less than 30 days before delivery.
In situations where fire rating to wall is required, jointing compound used shall be consistent with
the fire rating of wall.
The finishing compound - same composition as the wall applied to only the tooled surface of the
jointing compound.
a. Height: ±5mm
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b. Width: ±3mm
c. Thickness: ±5mm
In accordance with dry weight of concrete used for making lightweight concrete. Block density not to
exceed 1522kg/m³.
3.5.3 Curing
Steam cure all concrete block, air dry for not less than 30 days before delivery.
Unless otherwise specified, Glass blocks to bel9omm x 190mm x 80mm thick complying with DIN
18175 partially evacuated hollow units with polyvinyl butaryl edge coating.
Panel reinforcing - two parallel wires 50mm centred with electrically butt welded cross wires spaced
at regular intervals.
Panel anchors - 20 gauge perforated steel strips, hot dipped galvanised after perforation.
Lay Glass blocks complete with sealant joints, expansion strips, panel anchors and reinforcing wires
and separate from any adjoining masonry by expansion and gliding joints.
Expansion and gliding joints to consist of compressible filler and sealant. Provide metal
reinforcement and flashing of the types recommended by the manufacturer of the sill. Lay the glass
block in strict compliance with manufacturer’s
recommendations.
Provide proprietary premixed mortar comprising Portland cement and polymers for setting glass
blocks.
Wall tie and bonding bar systems -hot-dipped galvanised complying with the following:
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b. Lipped frame-Minimum coating mass on individual point to be 410g per m² or the equivalent
thickness of 57 microns in accordance with BS EN 1461.
Galvanised wall tie systems with non-complying coatings must not be used.
Hot dip galvanised steel, 1.6mm x 22mm wide, crimped or corrugated, 150mm long.
Ties to be every fourth course vertically and at 900mm c/c (staggered) horizontally.
Hot dip galvanised steel, 1.6mm wire, 6mm square mesh, width 12mm less than wall thickness, by
length to suit condition.
3.7.2.4 Reinforcement to Concrete Block and Clay Brickwork Walls and Partitions
Reinforce 90mm clay block walls and brick walls with minimum 64 x 0.5mm thick expanded
galvanised steel reinforcement at every 3rd course. The bottom-most expanded metal
reinforcement to be 200mm above floor level.
Fill flush joint between Autoclave Aerated blocks and reinforced concrete columns and beams with
polyurethane sealant placed over backer rod. The depth of sealant to be 13mm minimum.
Not applicable.
3.10 Mortar
3.10.1 Cement
Conforming to SS 26. All cement for masonry units to be from a single source.
3.10.2 Sand
Conforming to BS EN 13139.
3.10.3 Aggregates
Conform to SS 31. To comprise 25% minimum 9mm granite chippings, the balance being washed
river sand.
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3.10.4 Plasticiser
3.10.5 Water
One part Portland cement and six parts sand, by volume, well mixed with an acceptable mortar
plasticiser.
3.10.6.2 Admixtures
Accelerators, retarders or other admixtures will not be permitted without prior review and approval
by the SO.
3.10.6.3 Strength
Mortar to have a minimum compressive strength of 3.6 N/mm² at 28 days when tested in
accordance with BS 4551.
Mix grout in accordance with the specification for mortar, adding only enough water to make a
favourable mix suited to its application.
Lay all masonry with approved proprietary pre-packed or pre-mixed mortar. Mechanically mix the
mortar compounds according to the manufacturer’s recommendation.
Provide proprietary mortar comprising Portland cement and polymers for setting glass blocks.
Mesh to be galvanised steel or Grade 1.4401 stainless steel to BS EN 10088-1 0.3mm thick.
3.12 Accessories
Build in all gaskets, fillers, joint material, isolating devices and materials, including sheet metal,
neoprene pads and sway braces.
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4.0 WORKMANSHIP
4.1.1 General
Deliver, store, handle and protect all materials from damage, moisture, dirt and intrusion of foreign
matter.
4.1.2 Bricks
Pack, deliver and store to prevent breakage, cracking, chipping, spalling or other damage, on a flat
surface not in contact with the soil and in a manner that permits free air circulation.
Store in a dry location and keep dry after installation, all in strict accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations.
4.1.4 Aggregate
Aggregates for mortar mix to be stored with provisions for good drainage, and protected from dirt,
intrusion of foreign matter and excessively high temperature.
4.1.5 Reinforcement
Store and protect so that when placed, joint reinforcement will be free of soil, dirt, loose rust scale
or other coatings.
4.2.1 General
Unless otherwise agreed by the SO, do not use hollow brick or block where fixtures or fittings are to
be hung on the wall. Do not recess or chase hollow brick or block walls.
Provide proper setting out rods and set out all works including showing openings, heights, sills and
lintels.
Clean all supporting surfaces and remove loose mortar before laying units.
In all partitions or walls where brick/block joints will be fairfaced, start all partitions or walls with a
“starter course” cut or sized as necessary to course out evenly with head of door or other openings.
Fill longitudinal vertical joints with mortar as each course is laid. Slushing is not permitted.
Ensure brick and concrete block units are damp when being laid. All constructed brickwork and
blockwork must be cured with water for 5 days and protected from sun rays for 2 days after laying.
Lay units in full mortar bed (face-shells and webs), with full head joints, with faceshells and webs in
alignment and in vertical position. Where solid concrete blockwork is indicated, use 100% solid units
or hollow units filled 100% solid with mortar.
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Lay adjacent walls at same time with not more than 1200mm difference in height. Do not carry up
work higher than 1 .5m in any one day.
Unfinished work to be stepped. Toothing is not permitted, except by agreement with the SO.
Where brick units occur on sloped ramps, cut bottom course to maintain horizontal jointing.
Stretcher bond, with vertical joints centred over masonry unit below for half-brick and concrete
block walls, English bond for one brick thickwall.
Take into consideration the specified permissible deviations for the erection of adjacent works prior
to setting out and commencing laying.
4.2.3 Mortar
Use premixed / pre bagged mortar unless agreed by SO. Ensure compatibility of mortal material
with masonry blocks.
a) Add cement just before mixing and mix dry. Use sufficient amount of water as necessary to
produce workable mix.
b) Mixing: Use a mixer with device to accurately and uniformly control water. Mix only amount of
mortar that can be used before initial set takes place or within 2 hours after initial mixing,
whichever comes earlier. Do not use mortar which has reached its initial set or 2 hours after
initial mixing, whichever comes earlier. Clean mixer for each batch, whenever mortar type is
changed, and at end of each day’s work.
4.2.4 Laying
4.2.4.1 Brick/block
Lay first course on DPC with sand cement bed so that the first course is level and plumb. Lay
subsequent courses on thin bed adhesive, tapping the blocks with a rubber mallet to achieve level.
Joints to be 2-3mm thick. Installation of blocks and all ties/accessories to be in strict accordance
with manufacturer’s recommendations.
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4.2.4.4 Glass Blocks
Provision for expansion and movement must be made at jambs and head of all panels. Mortar must
not bridge expansion spaces.
Mortar to be mixed and applied in accordance with glass block manufacturers recommendations.
Start joint reinforcing 225mm above supporting floor slab or in first course above supporting floor
slab.
Provide joint reinforcing in 2 horizontal mortar joints 75mm and 150mm above and below wall
openings, extending 600mm beyond each side of opening.
Terminate joint reinforcing not more than 50mm from openings, expansion joints and control joints.
Longitudinal wires of joint reinforcing not to be less than 18mm or more than 25mm from each face
of wall, with longitudinal wires fully embedded in mortar.
4.2.6.1 Concrete
4.2.6.2 Steel
Courses to be level and true to line. All wall faces, angles and features to be plumb, and unless
otherwise specified, built within the following permissible deviations:
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Height:
Up to 3m +/-15
3 to 6m +/-20
Over 6m +/-25
Thickness:
Overall thickness of walls or width of piers +/-15
(subject to the following)
Difference in thickness of a wall or width of a
pier at any two points 3m apart +/-10
Anchor together with stretcher units from each wall alternating at each course or, reinforced at
every fourth course with wire mesh.
Alternate courses to be interlocked and joint reinforcement to be lapped at intersections and carried
through the full thickness of the end wall. Proper brickwork bonds to be used in all cases.
Provide positive connection between concrete vertical surfaces and masonry as shown on the
drawings.
Where shown on the drawings, provide fire resistant compressive filler, to underside of structure
and 100mm x 100mm steel angle sections on either side of wall, to maintain rigidity. For load
bearing walls, refer to structural engineers drawings.
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4.3.3 Fixing Ties in Masonry Walls
Slope slightly downwards towards outer leaf with drip centred in the cavity and pointing downwards.
Do not bend ties to suit coursing.
Evenly space at 900mm horizontally, staggered in alternate courses, and at 450 mm centres
vertically, unless specified otherwise.
Provide 10mm mortar joints where indicated in the drawings or as specified in clause 3.1.
Provide rough joint to brick/block work to receive cement plaster or backings. Before mortar
hardens, strike off excess mortar and leave rough joints.
Provide raked mortar joint 9mm deep for reception of sealant around perimeter of doors, windows,
louvers or other items built into masonry where sealant shown or specified in masonry mortar joints.
Do not use raked mortar joint for control or expansion joints.
Not applicable.
Make provision for work of others as work progresses. Form chases to a maximum depth 25mm to
run horizontally or vertically.
Provide mortar fill at hollow metal door frames, access door assemblies, louvers, and similar metal
items embedded or built into masonry work and concrete work. Frames to be fully and solidly filled,
full height of jambs and full width of sills and heads.
4.8 Grouting
Grout under lintels, bearing plates, and steel bearing on brickwork with solid bed grout material.
Provide fire stop grout fill solidly around sleeves, pipes, ducts, and all other items which pass
through brick walls. Place grout fill to be airtight and to prevent air leakage.
Fire stops to be provided with fire stopping sealing compound, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions to all service duct openings, including cable/pipe penetrations in floors
and walls as indicated on the drawings, or where wall is indicated as fire rated wall / compartment
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wall in clause 3.1.
Do not cut and patch brickwork exposed to view to accommodate work of other trades or for other
conditions, unless agreed with the SO. Brickwork that requires cuffing or fitting to be machine cut
accurately to size, producing clean cut edges.
Holes made in exposed units for attachment of handrail brackets and similar items to be neatly cut
to proper size.
Patching of exposed work, if permitted in lieu of removal, to be patched neatly with mortar to match
appearance of the existing as closely as possible.
4.10 Protection
Exposed outer corners of facing masonry subject to damage during construction to be protected
with wooden barriers.
At end of each day’s work, immediately cover tops of masonry work that may be
exposed to the weather. Cover with non-staining waterproof covering extending down at least
600mm on each side of the work and securely anchor the covering in place.
Partially completed masonry partitions, subject to any unusual wind pressures, to be fully braced on
both sides.
Remove mortar from fairfaced surfaces as work is laid. Fill string nail holes in joints with mortar.
4.11.2 At Completion
Defective mortar joints in fairfaced brickwork to be removed to a depth of 25mm and replaced with
proper mortar and tooled.
Remove mortar projections from fairfaced brickwork by rubbing with carborundum stone without
damaging faces.
After completion of above repair work, clean surfaces of all fairfaced masonry with clean water and
stiff fibre brushes until all dirt, stains, efflorescence, mortar, and other defacements are removed.
Do not use wire brushes, metal scrapers or acids. Protect adjacent surfaces from damage during
cleaning operations.
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5.0 VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSION
5.1 Submissions
5.1.1 Submissions
a. Name of the manufacturer of all the masonry units and copies of technical data including
compressive strength, water absorption and soluble salt content. Premixed mortar supplier, wall
ties and any other components built into the wall
b. Information of current or completed similar jobs during the previous 5 years and details of
Quality Control Procedures adopted.
a. A drawing list setting out all the details to be prepared together with their scale and relationship
marked on a location drawing. Details to include sills, jams, heads of windows and doors:
showing DPC, lintels and window/door relationship. Detail at head and base of walls,
movement joints, stiffeners, and all stepped flashings.
Do not order any materials until the SO approves the list of manufacturers. Do not begin to erect the
internal masonry walls until the SO has approved the drawings.
b. Jointing compounds, pre mixed mortar mixes and other associated materials as directed.
Conduct additional test if test reports do not satisfy project design requirements.
No item.
5.1.5 Warranty
Submit the warranty to the SO upon completion of the works, if required under clause 1.4.4.
No item.
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5.2 Samples and Mock-ups
5.2.1 Samples
5.2.2 Mock-ups
a. A 1 m x 1m panel of each of the masonry types at a location to be agreed with the SO.
b. A wall including window set into each of the masonry wall types. The window is to include the
lintel, DPCs, weepholes, sill and sealant. The approved sample shall become the control sample
and can form part of the final construction.
c. If proprietary blocks are used, submit verification from manufacturer that all installation works
or the mock up have been completed in accordance with their recommendations.
Do not proceed with any other internal masonry construction until the SO has approved the mock-
ups.
5.3 Inspection
Inform the SO on completion of the first section of any masonry type. Proceed only after approval
from the SO.
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