ACID BASE BALANCE

BY
KERWIN RIICO L REYES
 NORMAL ACID–BASE BALANCE

• NATURE OF ACIDS AND BASES

• CHEMICAL BUFFER SYSTEMS IN BODY
• PHYSIOLOGICAL BUFFERS IN BODY
• INDICATOR MEASURES OF ACID–BASE STATUS
• ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS (ABG) ANALYSIS
• ASSISTING WITH OBTAINING AN ABG SPECIMEN
 MEMORY AID

THE PH IS LIKE THE CENTER OF A SEESAW; IT WANTS TO STAY BALANCED

 MEMORY AID

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) ACTS AS AN ACID IN THE BODY. IT IS ALSO THE

INDICATOR OF HOW THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IS FUNCTIONING.
 MEMORY AID

BICARBONATE (HCO3¯) ACTS AS A BASE IN THE BODY. IT IS ALSO THE INDICATOR

OF HOW THE METABOLIC SYSTEM IS FUNCTIONING.
 MEMORY AID

INTERPRET ABGS BY LOOKING FIRST AT PH, THEN AT CO2, THEN AT HCO3¯. DETERMINE
FIRST WHETHER THERE IS ACIDOSIS OR ALKALOSIS, THEN EVALUATE WHETHER THE
IMBALANCE IS RESPIRATORY (CO2) OR METABOLIC (HCO3¯) IN ORIGIN. THE CAUSE WILL
BE THE VALUE THAT MATCHES OR CORRELATES WITH THE CHANGE IN THE DIRECTION
OF THE PH.
 MEMORY AID

THE PH IS LIKE A SEESAW, WITH CO2 AND HCO3 AS RIDERS ON OPPOSITE ENDS.
WHEN ONE SIDE GOES UP, THE OTHER TRIES TO GO UP TO COMPENSATE. WHEN
ONE SIDE GOES DOWN, THE OTHER SIDE TRIES TO GO DOWN TO COMPENSATE
AND BRING THE PH BACK TOWARD NORMAL.
 ACID BASE BALANCE

• RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
• RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
 ACID BASE BALANCE

• METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
• METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
• MIXED ACID–BASE DISORDERS
 MEMORY AID

ACIDOSIS OF ANY ORIGIN TENDS TO BE A CNS DEPRESSANT.

 MEMORY AID

ALKALOSIS OF ANY ORIGIN TENDS TO HAVE AN EXCITATORY EFFECT ON THE CNS.