Sinta Putri

2206643
4B - English Language and Literature
Reading for General Academic Purposes

WEEKLY LOG 11
Chapter 11: Sports as Game

1. What is the topic/chapter about?

The chapter eleven is titled Sports as Game. As the title says, this chapter mainly
discusses sports, particularly football or soccer. There are three passages in this
chapter, all of them are in accordance with sports. It talks about the historical
moments of sport, the law of sports and any other things that relate with the topic
discussed.
2. What have you learned from the topic/chapter?
As a non sport enjoyer, I learn various things from this chapter. From the passages I
learned that soccer or modern soccer to be exact have Charles Goodyear as its
founder. Even though he is considered as the person who invented modern soccer,
unfortunately the place and time about when and where soccer was invented is hard to
tell. That is because a game that resembles soccer has been widely played since time
immemorial, and the game has evolved over time. Additionally, I learn about the law
of soccer. This is something new for me, it turns out that a sports game also has laws
that must be obeyed. Of course, this law is an official law that is recorded and
determined by the parties who have rights to certain sports fields. Here, I learned that
there are seventeen laws that apply in the world of football/soccer. These laws include
all the rules and regulations that must be obeyed by people involved in the match.
Apart from the people involved, the law also includes regulations for match facilities
and infrastructure. From these laws, I know that football matches are one of the sports
matches with complicated rules. For people who are not sports fans, it will definitely
take a lot of time to dig up all the information contained in the football laws.
3. What do you want to know more about the topic/chapter?
Because this is about sports, I want to know more about light sports that we can do
daily. I am a lazy type of person and rarely exercise, so it seems like football is too
hard for me. Therefore, I want to know more types of exercise that I can use as daily
exercise to maintain my health and fitness.

TASK 1
Section 1 = I
Section 2 = B
Section 3 = D
Sub-section 3.1 = C
Sub-section 3.2 = H
Sub-section 3.3 = E
Sub-section 3.4 = J
Section 4 = F
Sub-section 4.1 = G
Sub-section 4.2 = A

TASK 2
1. astounding (adj) : C
2. polyurethane (n) : E
3. coincided with (v) : G
4. venues (n) : J
5. rubber (n) : O
6. visibility (n) : I
7. vulcanization (n) : Q
8. laced (v) : B
9. catgut (n) : D
10. circumference (n) : M
11. deforms (v) : F
12. inventor (n) : P
13. punctured (v) : F
14. durable (adj) : L
15. bladders (n) : N
16. civilization (n) : H
17. predecessor (n) : A
18. stuffed (v) : N
19. alternately (adv) : G
20. panels (n) : K

TASK 3
1. The oldest soccer ball can be traced to ancient times. It was filled with different
materials to make it round. (Par. 2).
Answer: it refers to the oldest soccer ball.
2. To solve these problems, bladder balls were wrapped in leather, making them more
durable and rounder (section 2).
Answer: this refers to the problem that is “bladder balls were easily punctured and
their irregular shape made them difficult to control.”
3. Also rubber was not used as a material for competitive soccer balls because it is
sticky and easily deforms in hot playing conditions (section 3.1).
Answer: it refers to the rubber
4. A soccer ball called CTRUS no longer needs air inflation changes colours when it
goes out of bounds or when it crosses the goal line (section 4.2).
Answer: it refers to the soccer ball called CTRUS
5. This type of ball was the one used in the first ever World Cup, the 1930 World Cup
(section 3.3).
Answer: this refers to the type of ball that is made of several panels of pure leather,
laced at one surface to keep the bladder inside intact.
 6. It remains the official soccer ball size today (section 3.2).
Answer: it refers to the official soccer ball size which is between 27 and 28 inches in
circumference.
7. Its colour made the ball more visible on black-and-white television (section 4.1).
Answer: It refers to the colour of the ball which is the black and white colour.

TASK 4
1. TRUE (first paragraph: charles is considered as the inventor of modern soccer).
2. FALSE (sub-section 4.1: the black and white ball that remains today as soccer’s icon
was first introduced by Adidas in 1970).
3. FALSE (sub-section 4.1: it has 32 panels).
4. TRUE (sub-section 3.4: leather soccer balls began to be water-proofed in the 1950s
with the use of synthetic paints, the lace was also removed).
5. NOT GIVEN (in sub-section 4.2, it only mentions when the colour CTRUS soccer
ball changes, but it does not mention what its colour is).
6. TRUE (sub-section 4.2: fewer panels and better polyurethane materials improved the
ball's performance and feel; some protorype soccer balls today are already made with
astounding tech).
7. TRUE (sub-section 3.3 & section 2: leather balls still widely used despite the
introduction of the rubber ball; 1888; wrapped in leather to make them more durable
and rounder).
8. TRUE (section 1: the first ever soccer ball in history was invented by ancient
civilizations).
9. FALSE (section 2: bladder balls were easily punctured and their irregular shape made
them difficult to control).
10. TRUE (section 1: the Chinese, Aztec, Maya Indians, Egyptians each had their own
contribution…).

TASK 5
1. To have a more long-lasting and rounder soccer ball, D. people in Medieval Europe
wrapped their bladder balls with leather. (section 2)
2. To produce smoother and more even surface, I. panels of soccer are not stitched but
bond together). (sub-section 4.2, first paragraph)
3. Due to the use of fewer panels, F. the performance and feel of soccer balls improve
significantly). (sub-section 4.2, second paragraph)
4. Named after the space satellite due to its geometry resemblance, J. the Telstar soccer
ball has more white than black panels). (sub-section 4.1)
5. Although in 1950s soccer ball was manufactured in white colour for the purpose of
better visibility, B. its colour was changed in snowy fields). (sub-section 3.4)
6. Not until after the mid-1800s that K. the official size of soccer ball was declared by
authoritative Football Association. (sub-section 3.2)
7. The Chinese stuffed animal skin to make spherical soccer ball, H. whereas that of
Maya and Aztec American-Indians was made of rubber wood latex. (section 1)
 8. The greatest contribution of Charles Goodyear to the history of soccer is G. his
inventing the first round soccer ball). (sub-section 3.1)
9. Animal bladder and rubber are not good materials for soccer ball A. due to their
irregular shape as well as stickiness and easy deformation). (section 2)
10. Although the soccer balls made by Ancient Egyptians and Greeks shared similarly,
some of their stuffings were different. (section 1)

TASK 6

Law 1 C. The field of play

Law 2 H. The ball
Law 3 Q. the number of players
Law 4 M. The players’ equipment
Law 5 A. The referee
Law 6 O. The assistant referees
Law 7 F. The duration of the match
Law 8 K. The start and restart of play
Law 9 P. The ball in and out of play
Law 10 N. The method of scoring
Law 11 L. Off side
Law 12 D. Fouls and misconduct
Law 13 I. Free kick
Law 14 B. The penalty kick
Law 15 J. The throw-in
Law 16 G. The goal kick
Law 17 E. The corner kick

TASK 7

1. Issued by the International Football Association Board, soccer's rules and regulations
may change from time to time.
(TRUE: In the first paragraph it mentioned that soccer's rules and regulations
are maintained and updated annually by the International Football Association
Board (IFAB).)
2. To have a powerful throw-in, while releasing the ball with both hands simultaneously,
a player can raise one foot off the ground.
(FALSE: In the fifteenth law, "While taking a throw-in, a player must release
the ball with both hands simultaneously and keep both feet firmly planted on the
ground.)
3. When the defensive team plays the ball out of bounds over its goal line, the referee
will give a corner kick to the offensive team.
(TRUE: In the seventeenth law, "A corner kick is awarded to the offensive team
when the defensive team plays the ball out of bounds over its goal line.)
 4. Soccer players may receive red cards for committing serious offenses such as spitting
at the referee or uttering abusive language to spectators.
(TRUE: In the twelfth law last paragraph.)
5. To do a penalty kick, the defender may place the ball anywhere within the six-yard
goal box and kick the ball back into play.
(FALSE: In the fourteenth law, "A penalty kick is placed at the penalty spot.")
6. During the penalty kick, all players on both teams must remain outside the penalty
box except the defenders of the defensive team.
(FALSE: In the fourteenth law, "...and all players on both teams must remain
outside the penalty box during the shot."
7. Indirect free kick is only given to captains because they are the most important
persons in each team.
(NOT GIVEN)
8. A standard soccer ball must be spherical in shape with its circumference range of 27-
28 inches and made of leather or rubber coated with leather.
(TRUE: In the second law.)
9. The most authoritative person in the soccer match is the referee whose word is law.
(TRUE: In the fifth law.)
10. Referee's discretion for extra time for each half may range from three to seven
minutes.
(FALSE: In the seventh law, "The extra time corresponds with the referee's
determination of how much time was taken up due to substitutions and
injuries.")

TASK 8

1. cleats (n) - B. shoes with leather or metal projections on the soles

2. perpendicular (adj) - D. intersecting at or forming right angles
3. turf (n) - A. ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots
4. commits (v) - E. performs an act, usually with negative connotation
5. infringement (n) - I. a less serious crime due to agreement breaching
6. circumference (n) - K. the size of something as given by the distance around it
7. deliberately (adv) - G. with intention
8. determination (n) - J. a position or opinion or judgment reached after
consideration
9. afforded (v) - M. given access
10. allotted (v) - Q. given or assigned
11. impedes (v) - S. blocks or hinders
12. offenses (n) - P. acts punishable by law
13. rectangular (adj) - N. having four right angles
14. charges (n) - P. acts punishable by law
15. barring (v) - R. ignoring and blocking
16. toss (n) - T. throwing and flipping
17. discretion (n) - L. wise and objective judgment
 18. dissent (adj) - C. protest or different opinion
19. subbed out (v) - F. substituted or changed
20. pitch (n) - O. game area

TASK 9

1. I. Soccer league for young people can use a soccer ball smaller in size.
2. F. can score directly or indirectly into the defensive team goal line.
3. L. the game is cancelled and the team is lost.
4. B. friendly or charity matches can be excepted to have more than three player
substitutions.
5. D. heavily relies on referee’s judgement and preference.
6. J. either the ball of the goal which is not elected by the winning team.
7. E. may result in his receiving a yellow card
8. K. can lead to a direct corner kick
9. G. who show violent behaviours such as hitting or spitting at the opponent.
10. C. signalling with a flag when a ball goes of play, a player is fouled, ot is in an offside
position.

TASK 10:

1. Why do England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales always become FIFA
board members?

Because these four countries has contributed to the development of the sport.

2. Are these FIFA rules fixed or modifiable? How?

I believe FIFA rules or regulations about soccer game is modifiable. The party that
has right to modify this rule and update it annually is a national and regional leagues
and organisations.

3. What is likely to happen to soccer players who do not wear proper uniform?

If the referee deems a player’s equipment unsatisfactory, the player can be sent off
until the issue is remedied.

4. Give examples of some offense accountable for red card?

The referee will give a red card if the players show an offensive behaviour. Red cards
are used to send a player off the field and can be issued for these offenses; serious
foul play, violent conduct, spitting at an opponent or any other person, denying the
opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by deliberately handling
the ball (the goal keeper being an exception).

5. What is a penalty kick? How is it implemented?

A penalty kick is awarded when a defensive player fouls an attacking player or

commits a handball in his/her team’s penalty area. This can be done by positioned the
penalty kick at the penalty spot and all players on both teams must remain outside the
 penalty box during the shot. They may enter the box immediately after the shot is
taken. The goalkeeper may move horizontally along the goal line before the shot is
taken, but he may not come off the line until the ball is struck.

6. What makes the referee give yellow card to players?

A yellow card is awarded as a caution to a player and can be caused by these offenses;
unsporting behaviour, dissent by word or action, persistently infringement of the
Laws of the Game, delaying the restart of play, failure to respect the required distance
when play is restarted with a corner kick, free kick, or throw-in, entering or re-
entering the field of play without the referee’s permission and deliberately leaving the
field of play without the referee’s permission.

7. What does coin toss for in the beginning of the match?

Coin toss is used to determine the kick-off in the game, whereby the winning team
can choose either the ball or which goal they would like to attack.

8. Ball throw-in has rules. What are they?

Here are the rules of ball throw-in”

- A player must release the ball with both hands simultaneously

- Keep both feet firmly planted on the ground.

- Players are not allowed to score directly off a throw-in.

9. Does soccer match have specific time allotment? Why or why not?

Usually a soccer match is comprised of two 45-minutes halves. Although soccer does
not have allotted time limit, it is ultimately up to the referee's as to when to end the
match.

10. Free kick is of two types. What are they and how each is applied?

Direct free kick can be shot directly into the opponent’s goal without touching another
player. Another type of free kick is indirect free kick. This action is indicated by the
referee raising his hand during the kick.

TASK 11
1. NO (The first chart shows the statistics of eight team sports participation in Australia)
2. YES (The countries are located on four different continents: South America (Brazil,
Argentina, Colombia, Chile), North America (US, Mexico), Europe (Germany,
England, France), and Oceania (Australia)
3. YES (It states on the second chart which shows Brazil has the most soccer fans who
bought a World Cup ticket)
4. NOT GIVEN
 5. NO (The number of Australians participating in soccer decreased from 1,218,000 to
1,169,000)
6. YES (Among eight team sports participated in Australia, there are only two team
sports that have increased their number of participation, they are Australian Rules
Football, and Rugby Union)
7. NOT GIVEN
8. NO (The team sports which has the most significant number of participation decrease
is Netball)
9. YES (Australia is higher than three other countries which are Chile, France, and
Mexico in World Cup ticket sales)
10. YES (the chart source is FIFA which counts as a credible source)
Bisa jadi NO (As data presented on the chart of June 5, when 2.96 of the 3.10 million
available tickets had been sold so it might have different numbers).

TASK 12
Sport science is the (1) application of scientific principles to help improve sports
performance. This branch of science has grown (2) dramatically in the last 20 years and has
resulted in a greater understanding of the demands of elite sport. Some of the information (3)
obtained from the systematic study of sport has been included in coaching material and
coaching qualifications; however, many coaches and athletes have specific questions or
individual problems. The (4) qualified sport scientist is, potentially, a useful resource that the
coach and athlete can use to help address issues that may (5) arise in their sport. This may
take the form of a basic discussion with a sport scientist, through to an (6) in-depth analysis
of the athlete in the laboratory setting. Sport science has (7) three branches: physiology,
psychology, and biomechanics. Physiology is the area of sport science concerned with the
way in which the performer's body (8) responds and adapts to exercise and training.
Psychology is the area of sport science that deals with the athlete's (9) mental feeling. It
examines how motivations, beliefs, thoughts, and emotions can influence an athlete's (10)
performance in sport. Finally, biomechanics is the area of sport science associated with the
analysis of the (11) mechanics of human movement. It explains how and why the body
moves in the way that it does. For sports performers, this also means (12) examining the
interaction between the athlete and their equipment and the environment.